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Objective:To analyze the types and distribution characteristics of elements in drinking water from endemic fluorosis areas with water improvement in Xi'an City, understand the relationship between fluoride and various elements, and conduct health risk assessment on potential high-risk elements.Methods:From May to June 2017, one endemic fluorosis area with water improvement (Gaoling District, Huyi District, Lintong District) was selected according to the northeast, the southwest and the due east directions of Xi'an City as the survey area. Sixteen endemic fluorosis villages were selected from each endemic area, and 2 water samples were collected from each endemic village to detect fluoride and 12 elements such as chromium, manganese, ferrum, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, antimony, barium, and lead. Hygienic evaluation was conducted according to national standards, and the potential high-risk elements (arsenic, molybdenum) were assessed for health risk through the health risk assessment model recommended by the National Environmental Protection Agency of the United States.Results:The water samples from the endemic fluorosis areas in Xi'an City mainly contained seven elements: barium, ferrum, molybdenum, arsenic, zinc, manganese, and chromium. The content of copper and selenium was relatively low, while the content of cadmium, antimony, and lead was extremely low. The fluoride content in water samples from Gaoling District and Lintong District was relatively high, and the fluorine, arsenic, molybdenum elements was pairwise positively correlated ( P < 0.05). The molybdenum element in water samples from Lintong District exceeded 9.38% (3/32). The fluoride in the water samples of Huyi District was relatively low, and the arsenic, molybdenum elements was positively correlated ( r = 0.84, P < 0.001), and the arsenic element exceeded the standard by 25.00% (8/32). The main health risk of drinking water in endemic fluorosis areas with water improvement in Xi'an City was arsenic exposure, with children at a higher risk than adults, and the areas of Huyi District, Lintong District, and Gaoling District declined, the risk of cancer (CR) of Gaoling District was < 10 -4 and hazard quotient (HQ) was < 1. However, in the areas of Huyi District and Lintong District (except HQ of adults), there was a higher risk (CR > 10 -4, HQ > 1). Children in one endemic fluorosis village in Lintong District had a higher non carcinogenic risk of molybdenum (HQ > 1). Conclusions:The drinking water in endemic fluorosis areas with water improvement in Xi'an City mainly contains 7 elements, especially arsenic and molybdenum, which need to be regularly monitored. Some areas have high health risks of arsenic in water, and monitoring, management, and related epidemiological investigations need to be strengthened. At the same time, it is necessary to actively monitor other toxic and harmful substances that may be introduced during the water improvement process to prevent the occurrence of secondary health problems.
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Objective To observe the short-term,long-term clinical results and complications in refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) treating with TNF-α inhibitors,and to compare 2 evaluation systems.Methods A retrospective review of 52 cases of patients with refractory JIA in Shenzhen Children's Hospital was performed.With reference to International Leagne of Associations for Rheumatology(ILAR)2001 diagnostic criteria,the patients were divided into 4 groups:26 polyarticular JIA patients,14 systemic JIA patients,9 oligoarticular JIA patients and 3 other types of patients.The children with JIA were based on the conventional treatment such as Methotrexate,combination of TNF-α inhibitors treatment.The short-term and long-term clinical outcomes were evaluated and compared with American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS).Complications in each group were recorded.Results (1) Short-term outcome assessment:ACR 50 were achieved in 69.2％ of the polyarticular JIA,66.7％ in oligoarticular and 35.7％ in systemic JIA patients on the third month;and by the time of the sixth month it reached to 73.0％ in polyarticular JIA,77.7％ in oligoarticular JIA and 14.3％ in systemic JIA patients on the sixth month.Significant improvement of JADAS after the treatment was observed in each type of JIA,and the differences were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).(2) Long-term outcome assessment:except for the cases missing follow-ups and withdrawal cases,46 patients were able to complete 2 years assessments:according to ACR,effective rate was 84.0％ in polyarticular JIA (21/25 cases),50.0％ in oligoarticular JIA (4/8 cases) and 7.7％ in systemic (1/13 cases) JIA patients;JADAS was significantly decreased in polyarticular JIA patients (76.0％,19/25cases) (P ＜ 0.05),while significant improvement was not observed in oligoarticular JIA and systemic JIA patients(P ＞ 0.05).(3) Complications of upper respiratory tract infection (23.0％,12 cases) and local reaction in injection site (7.6％,4 cases) were noticed.Higher risks of tuberculosis infection and malignancy were not observed.Conclusions (1) TNF-α inhibitors treatment showed a better short-term and long-term outcome in polyarticular and oligoarticular JIA patients,and it may also improve short-term outcome in systemic JIA but with poorer long-term outcome.(2)Two evaluated systems (ACR and JADAS) were well relative,but ACR was capable to compare clinical course between different types of JIA.(3) TNF-α inhibitors treatment was relatively safe with unremarkable adverse reactions.
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Objective To explore the effect of compound Xueshuantong capsule Dendrobium luminous pill combined with amiotide eye drops in the treatment of vitreous opacity.Methods According to the digital table, 120 patients with vitreous opacity were divided into two groups,60 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional amiotide eye drops treatment,and the observation group was given compound Xueshuantong capsule Den-drobium luminous pill for treatment on the basis of conventional therapy.The clinical effect was observed and com-pared after treatment.Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 66.67%,which was significantly higher than 38.33% of the control group(χ2 =9.09,P <0.05).The total effective rate of young patients in the obser-vation group was 78.79%,which was significantly higher than 51.85% of the elderly patients(χ2 =8.24,P <0.05). The vitreous opacities total effective rate of the observation group after treatment within two years was 58.33%,which was significantly higher than 28.33% of the control group(χ2 =11.67,P <0.05).Conclusion Compound Xue-shuantong capsule Dendrobium luminous pill combined with ammonia iodine peptide drop has a positive effect in the treatment of ocular fluid of vitreous opacity,improve the clinical total effective rate,recovery of affected vision,and avoid the recurrence of vitreous opacity after operation,has the advantages of safety,effectiveness,which should be widely applied in clinic.
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The main purpose of this study is to observe and analyze the characteristics and the clinical significance of long-term echocardiogram data in patients after mechanical aortic valve replacement operation. Fifty-five cases were recruited over 5 years after mechanical aortic valve replacement operation, with complete echocardiogram examination profiles. The 55 subjects were divided into predominate aortic stenosis group and predominate aortic regurgitation group, based on preoperative examinations. And another way of division was also carried out that according to the effective orifice area index (EOAI), the subjects were divided into three groups, i. e. , severe prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) group, moderate PPM group, and non PPM group. Characteristics of long-term echocardiogram data of the subjects were analyzed. Patients with aortic stenosis showed significantly decreased thickness of intraventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall about half a year after operation (P < 0.05). Half a year after operation, patients with aortic regurgitation showed decreased left ventricular internal dimension diastole and left ventricular internal dimension systole, and increased ejection fraction (P < 0.05). Differences in mean aortic valve pressure gradient, forward blood flow across the aortic valves, and ejection fraction were not significant among those with severe PPM, moderate PPM, and non PPM groups (P > 0.05). Number of cases of ascending aorta dimension increased as time goes on and pathogenesis of other valve diseases. A conclusion could be drawn that the heart function of patients with aortic valve disease could be improved after mechanical aortic valve replacement operation, but pathologies in other valves and ascending aorta might be increased, and therefore periodical postoperative echocardiogram evaluation with long-term pharmaceutical therapy could be necessary.
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Humans , Aortic Valve Stenosis , General Surgery , Echocardiography , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Heart Ventricles , Postoperative Period , Systole , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
0.05).Conclusion HV-CVVH is effective in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.For SAP patients who are suit for the hemofiltration treatment,the treatment of HV-CVVH for 8h and for more than 8h has nearly the same effectiveness.
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Objective To explore the feasibility for determination of chloroform and tetrachloromethane in drinking water with DB-5, Rtx-1 and DB-1 capillary columns. Methods For the mild solubility of chloroform and tetrachloromethane in drinking water, chloroform and tetrachloromethane were analysed by static headspace gas chromatography with DB-5, Rtx-1 and DB-1 capillary columns and electron capture detectorECD, external standard method was used for quantification. Results Three kinds of columns were used for determination of chloroform and tetrachloromethane,the retention time was lower than 3 min, for chloroform and tetrachloromethane the average recovery rates were 92.06%-104.95% and 78.33%-103.22% respectively, RSD were 2.06%-2.71% and 1.76%-5.59% respectively. Conclusion DB-5, Rtx-1 and DB-1 capillary columns are suitable for determination of chloroform and tetrachloromethane in drinking water.
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Objective To investigate the organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residue in leafy vegetables on sale in Xi’an and to assess the safety of the leafy vegetables. Methods Eight kinds of leafy vegetables samples were collected at five wholesale markets and five supermarkets in Xi’an from 2007 to 2008. The content of 15 kinds of pesticides residues were analyzed by GC method and the evaluation was made according to GB 2763—2005. Results The rate of detection for the pesticides was 9.8% (465/4 725)and the disqualified rate was 1.2%(57/4 725).There was a significant seasonal difference in the detection rate of pesticides (P