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Cancer cachexia is a multi-organ syndrome and closely related to changes in signal communication between organs, which is mediated by cancer cachexia factors. Cancer cachexia factors, being the general name of inflammatory factors, circulating proteins, metabolites, and microRNA secreted by tumor or host cells, play a role in secretory or other organs and mediate complex signal communication between organs during cancer cachexia. Cancer cachexia factors are also a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment. The pathogenesis of cachexia is unclear and no clear effective treatment is available. Thus, the treatment of cancer cachexia from the perspective of the tumor ecosystem rather than from the perspective of a single molecule and a single organ is urgently needed. From the point of signal communication between organs mediated by cancer cachexia factors, finding a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer cachexia is of great significance to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. This review begins with cancer cachexia factors released during the interaction between tumor and host cells, and provides a comprehensive summary of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for cancer cachexia, along with a particular sight on multi-organ signal communication mediated by cancer cachexia factors. This summary aims to deepen medical community's understanding of cancer cachexia and may conduce to the discovery of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia.
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Humans , Cachexia/pathology , Ecosystem , Neoplasms/metabolism , Syndrome , Muscle, Skeletal/pathologyABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of modified Gualou Zhishitang combined with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium on the immune function and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the patients with stroke-associated pneumonia （SAP， syndrome of phlegm-heat accumulation in lung）. MethodEighty SAP patients with the syndrome of phlegm-heat accumulation in lung were randomized into a control group （40 cases） and a study group （40 cases）. The SAP patients in the control group were treated with piperacillin sodium and tazobtam sodium， while those in the study group were treated with modified Gualou Zhishitang on the basis of the treatment in the control group for 2 consecutive weeks. The clinical therapeutic effects， immune function indexes， inflammation indexes， and lung function of SAP patients in the two groups before and after treatment were determined and compared. ResultAfter treatment， the scores of lesion， pulmonary rales， cough， fever， phlegm color， and constipation in both groups decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced expiratory volume （FEV1/FVC） and forced expiratory volume in the first second as percentage of predicted value（FEV1%） in both groups improved （P<0.05）， and the study group outperformed the control group （P<0.05）. The treatment decreased the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio （NLR） in the two groups （P<0.05）， and the study group had lower NLR than the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. The serum levels of procalcitonin （PCT） and hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） in both groups declined after treatment （P<0.05）， and the declines were more significant in the study group than in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the study group was better than the control group （P<0.05）. The treatment in both groups elevated the levels of CD3+， CD4+， and CD4+/CD8+ in the peripheral blood and lowered the level of CD8+ （P<0.05）， and the changes were more significant in the study group than in the control group （P<0.05）. The total response rate of the study group was 95.00% （38/40）， which was higher than that （80.00%， 32/40） of the control group （χ2=4.114，P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionModified Gualhou Zhishitang combined with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium demonstrates a significant therapeutic effect on the SAP patients with the syndrome of phlegm-heat accumulation in lung. This therapy can mitigate the clinical symptoms， improve the lung function， lower the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines， and improve the immune capacity， with high safety.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) on bone metabolism in patients with acromegaly.Methods:Retrospective analysis of clinical data of acromegaly patients( n=100) received surgery or SRLs alone for 3 months. The changes of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), osteocalcin (OC), N-mid fragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), amino-terminal peptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) and C-terminal peptide degradation product of type I collagen(CTX) were compared before and after treatment. Patients were divided into drug treatment group and surgical group according to treatment methods. According to the decline of GH after medication, patients in the drug treatment group were further divided into drug sensitive group and drug insensitive group. Results:The average dynamic GH and IGF-1 indexes in the drug treatment group were significantly decreased after treatment compared with before treatment (both P<0.05), and CTX was also significantly decreased after treatment [1.25 (0.67, 1.40) ng/mL vs 1.34 (0.57, 1.68) ng/mL, P<0.05]. The mean dynamic GH, IGF-1 index, OC, N-MID, P1NP, and CTX in surgical group were significantly decreased after treatment compared with before treatment (all P<0.01). In the surgical group, there was a positive correlation between GH difference (ΔGH) and N-mid difference (ΔN-MID; r=0.454, P=0.026), and there was a positive correlation between IGF-1 index difference (ΔIGF-1 index) and CTX difference (ΔCTX; r=0.339, P=0.036). After treatment, the mean dynamic GH, IGF-1 index, CTX, P1NP, and N-MID in drug treatment group were significantly higher than those in surgical group (all P<0.001). CTX and N-MID decreased significantly after treatment in drug sensitive group compared with drug insensitive group (35.3% vs 7.2%, P<0.001; 24.1% vs 11.8%, P<0.05), and ΔGH was positively correlated with ΔCTX ( r=0.328, P=0.004). Conclusion:SRLs treatment can reduce bone formation marker N-MID and bone resorption marker CTX, improving the high turnover state of bone metabolism in patients with acromegaly, which may attribute to the reduction of GH and IGF-1 levels.
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Objective To report the effects of operative treatment of Sneppen Ⅴ talus fracture through the approach for malleolus medialis Ⅴ osteotomy plus hollow compression screw fixation.Methods From January 2015 to January 2019,16 patients with Sneppen Ⅴ talus fracture were treated at Department Ⅱ of Hand & Foot Microsurgery,The Second Affiliated Hospital to Inner Mongolia Medical University.They were 14 men and 2 women with a mean age of 38.4 years (range,from 20 to 55 years).All fractures were fixed with hollow compression screws through the approach for malleolus medialis Ⅴ osteotomy.The ankle and hindfoot functional scoring system developed by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes.Results All patients were followed up for a mean time of 12.6 months (range,from 6 to 30 months).The mean operation time was 68.4 minutes (range,from 52 to 96 minutes);the mean amount of hemorrhage during operation was 96.8 mL (range,from 48 to 122 mL);the mean period of bone union was 4.8 months (range,from 3 to 8 months).The postoperative mean AOFAS score was 75.3 points (range,from 43 to 91 points).Complications occurred in 4 cases,including one case of talus ischemic necrosis,one case of partial talus ischemic necrosis accompanied by tibial arthritis,one case of subtalar arthritis,and one case of combined tibial,talar and subtalar arthritis.All incisions obtained primary healing,with no complications like infection,screw breakage,delayed union or nonunion.Conclusion Operative treatment of Sneppen Ⅴ talus fracture through the approach for malleolus medialis Ⅴ osteotomy plus hollow compression screw fixation can provide sufficient operative exposure to facilitate reduction and fixation of the talus fracture so that the ischemic necrosis of the talus and traumatic arthritis can be effectively reduced.
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Objective@#To report the effects of operative treatment of Sneppen Ⅴ talus fracture through the approach for malleolus medialis Ⅴ osteotomy plus hollow compression screw fixation.@*Methods@#From January 2015 to January 2019, 16 patients with Sneppen Ⅴ talus fracture were treated at Department Ⅱ of Hand & Foot Microsurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital to Inner Mongolia Medical University. They were 14 men and 2 women with a mean age of 38.4 years (range, from 20 to 55 years). All fractures were fixed with hollow compression screws through the approach for malleolus medialis Ⅴ osteotomy. The ankle and hindfoot functional scoring system developed by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) was used to evaluate the clinical outcomes.@*Results@#All patients were followed up for a mean time of 12.6 months (range, from 6 to 30 months). The mean operation time was 68.4 minutes (range, from 52 to 96 minutes); the mean amount of hemorrhage during operation was 96.8 mL (range, from 48 to 122 mL); the mean period of bone union was 4.8 months (range, from 3 to 8 months). The postoperative mean AOFAS score was 75.3 points (range, from 43 to 91 points). Complications occurred in 4 cases, including one case of talus ischemic necrosis, one case of partial talus ischemic necrosis accompanied by tibial arthritis, one case of subtalar arthritis, and one case of combined tibial, talar and subtalar arthritis. All incisions obtained primary healing, with no complications like infection, screw breakage, delayed union or nonunion.@*Conclusion@#Operative treatment of Sneppen Ⅴ talus fracture through the approach for malleolus medialis Ⅴ osteotomy plus hollow compression screw fixation can provide sufficient operative exposure to facilitate reduction and fixation of the talus fracture so that the ischemic necrosis of the talus and traumatic arthritis can be effectively reduced.
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Objective To investigate the application of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroidectomy for external branch of superior laryngeal nerve(EBSLN).Methods From Jan.2017 to Jun.2017,138 patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly divided into monitor group (n=69) and the control group (n=69).The monitor group were used IONM for EBSLN,while the control group were used conventional area protection.Results The overall incidence of EBSLN injury was 1.4％(1/69) in the monitor group,and the overall incidence of EBSLN injury was 11.6％(8/69) in the control group.There was statistical significance between the two groups.Conclusion The application of IONM in thyroidectomy can exactly identify EBSLN,and reduce the possibility of EBSLN injury remarkably.
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Objective Study and analyze the benefits and risks of unilateral thyroidectomy for 1 to 4 cm thyroid cancer in primary surgery.Methods The patients who underwent thyroidectomy for 1 to 4 centimeters WDTC (May 2014 to June 2015) were retrospectively reviewed,and the patients with preoperatively known high-risk characteristics were excluded.One hundred and seventy-one patients would have been eligible for lobectomy as the initial operation based on current American Thyroid Association guidelines.The proportion of patients who need secondary surgery was estimated basing on pathological characteristics.Result In this group,49％ patients would have to undergo a secondary surgery if they took lobectomy as the initial operation.Conclusions Patients with 1 to 4 centimeters WDTC who accept unilateral thyroidectomy may take the risk of secondary surgery.Surgeons and patients need to balance the relative benefits and risks of initial TT versus lobectomy before the operation.
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Objective To clarify the role of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations in cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods The data of 432 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma who underwent surgery from February 2017 to September 2017 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were analyzed retrospectively.The mutation of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter was detected by Sanger sequencing.The effect of BRAFV600E and TERT on cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma was analyzed by Chi-square test.Results The mutation rates of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter were 77.8％ (336/ 432) and 5.3％ (23/432) respectively in 432 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients.The probability of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with BRAFV600E mutation was significantly higher than that in non-mutation patients (P ＜ 0.05).The probability of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with TERT promoter mutation was significantly higher than that in non-mutated patients (P ＜ 0.05).Patients with both BRAFV600E and TERT promotermutation had a significantly higher incidence of cervical lymph node metastases than patients with the BRAFV600E mutation alone (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The mutations of BRAFV600E and TERT promoter are closely relevant to the occurrence of cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology and postoperative routine pathological molecular diagnosis can help clinicians to develop a more rational treatment strategy,and a more accurate assessment of the risk of relapse.
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Objective To investigate the influence of external electric fields on migration behavior and morphology of endo‐thelial progenitor cells (EPCs) cultured in vitro .Methods The in vitro cultured 3-4 generation EPCs were continuously stimula‐ted by direct‐current electric field with the field intensity of 0 mV/mm(group Ⅰ ) ,100 mV/mm(group Ⅱ) ,200 mV/mm(group Ⅲ) and 300 mV/mm (group Ⅳ )for 3 h .The live cell station was used to real time record the cell migration track and morphology change of EPCs .The influence of external electric field on the EPCs migration behavior and morphology was analyzed .Results Un‐der the stimulation of the direct‐current electric field with the intensity of group Ⅳ ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅱ ,the cells were directly migrated to anode ,while the cells under group Ⅰ displayed the random motion .The track migration velocity(Vt)、displacemnt ve‐locity(Vd) and electric field direction migration rate(Vx) were(98 .86 ± 6 .00) ,(63 .78 ± 2 .81) ,(63 .15 ± 2 .88)μm/h for the groupⅣ ,(88 .06 ± 8 .83) ,(35 .90 ± 1 .22) ,(34 .20 ± 1 .57)μm/h for the groupⅢ ,(42 .28 ± 2 .25) ,(13 .29 ± 0 .37) ,(12 .39 ± 0 .51)μm/h for the groupⅡ ,which were significantly higher than(37 .39 ± 2 .42) ,(6 .99 ± 0 .31) ,(4 .62 ± 0 .40)μm/h for the groupⅠ (P<0 .01) ,moreover Vt ,Vd and Vx in the group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in the group Ⅱ andⅠ (P<0 .01) .EPCs had obvious morphological changes under the electric field action ,such as elongation and the cellular long axis parallel to the electric field direction .Conclusion External direct current electric fields may induce the directed migration of EPCs towards the anode ,ac‐celerates the migration rate ,moreover has obvious influence on EPCs morphology .
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Objective To investigate the application of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) during thyroidectomy for non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN).Methods From Oct.2013 to Apr.2016,2846 patients underwent thyroidectomy with the application of IONM,and 11 patients with non-recurrent laryngeal nerve were analyzed.Results 11 cases of NRLN were all accurately identified by IONM,and no injury of NRLN occurred during thyroid surgery.Conclusions NRLN is uncommon in clinical and it is difficult to be predicted before surgery and easy to be injured.The application of IONM can reduce the possibility of NRLN injury remarkably.
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BACKGROUND:The therapeutic effectiveness on tendon injury is closely related to the material of tendon suture. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of tendon suture materials and tendon biomechnics in recent years. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI (January 1999 to December 2014), and PubMed (January 1950 to December 2014) was performed for relevant articles using the keywords of “tendon, suture materials, biomechanics” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ideal tendon repair refers to the restoration of the continuity of its anatomical structure, tensile strength and sliding function in physiology, which is influenced by many factors. Suture technique and choice of suture materials are two steps that cannot be ignored. With the development of surgical tendon suture technique, in order to improve the quality of tendon healing, ideal tendon suture is first to have sufficient strength to avoid an early tensile fracture; secondly, the elasticity cannot be too large that can cause a gap between suturing ends and affect tendon healing, and time for protecting the tendon strength is as long as possible. Therefore, the optimal choice of tendon suture materials should be based on suture methods and biomechanical characteristics of suture lines, thereby to promote tendon healing.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy for different treatments of stage Ⅳ right colorectal cancer and its prognostic factors.Methods The clinical data of 106 patients with stage Ⅳ right colorectal cancer who were admitted to the First People's Hospital of Chenzhou from January 2008 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 106 patients,42 patients receiving palliative resection were allocated to the palliative resection group,30 patients receiving colostomy were allocated to the colostomy group,20 patients receiving bypass surgery were allocated to the bypass group and 14 patients without treatment were allocated to the non-treatment group.Fluorouracil + leucovorin (5-FU/LV) were used as postoperative chemotherapeutics,and the time of chemotherapy was 2 to 6 months.The follow-up was applied to the patients by outpatient examination and telephone interview till February 2014.The non-normal distribution data were described as median and range.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method,and the survival rate was analyzed using the Log-rank test.The continuous variables were cut into the categorical variables.The univariate analysis of categorical variables was done using chi-square test,and the multivariate analysis was done using the COX regression model.Results The incidences of postoperative complications in the palliative resection group,in the colostomy group and in the bypass group were 47.6％ (20/42),40.0％ (12/30) and 65.0％ (13/20),respectively,with no significant difference (x2=3.053,P ＞ 0.05).One-hundred patients were followed up for 14.0 months (range,3.0-40.0 months),with overall median survival time of 10.3 months (range,2.6-27.0 months) and the 1-,2-year survival rates of 36.8％ and 6.7％.The median survival time and 1-,2-year survival rates were 11.5 months (range,4.3-27.0 months),47.6％,16.7％ in the palliative resection group,8.5 months (range,3.5-18.0 months),20.0％,0 in the colostomy group,9.0 months (range,3.0-13.0 months),15.0％,0 in the bypass surgery and 5.0 months (range,2.6-10.0 months),0,0 in the non-treatment group,showing a significant difference in the prognosis of patients among the 4 groups (x2 =42.395,P ＜ 0.05).The prognosis of patients in the palliative resection group were significantly different from those in the other 3 groups (x2 =5.786,6.178,10.378,P ＜0.05),there was no significant difference in the prognosis of patients between the colostomy group and the bypass surgery group (x2 =0.203,P ＞ 0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that T stage,N stage,tumor differentiation,preoperative obstruction,peritoneal implantation,methods of treatment,chemotherapy and postoperative complications were related factors affecting the prognosis of patients with stage Ⅳ right colorectal cancer (x2=37.428,48.586,32.550,22.739,33.562,42.395,21.517,11.530,P＜0.05).T4 stage,N2 stage,poor-differentiated tumors and peritoneal implantation were independent risk factors affecting the poor prognosis of patients with stage Ⅳ right colorectal cancer (RR =2.336,2.945,2.182,3.500,95％ confidence interval:1.102-4.953,1.156-7.501,1.003-4.749,1.573-7.787,P ＜0.05).The postoperative chemotherapy was an independent factor affecting the good prognosis of patients with stage Ⅳ right colorectal cancer (RR =0.495,95％ confidence interval:0.271-0.904,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Palliative resection can improve the prognosis of patients with stage Ⅳ right colorectal cancer.T4 stage,N2 stage,poor-differentiated tumor,and peritoneal implantation were independent risk factors affecting the poor prognosis of patients with stage Ⅳ right colorectal cancer,while postoperative chemotherapy was an independent factor affecting the good prognosis of patients with stage Ⅳ right colorectal cancer.
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Objective To evaluate the curative effects of carbon nanoparticles on central lymphnode dis -section in papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC) .Methods 72 PTC patients were randomly divided into two groups:carbon nanoparticle group(n=32)and the control group(n=32).Patients in the carbon nanoparticle group were injected with carbon nanoparticles during surgery .Patients in the control group had conventional surgery .The number of lymph nodes being dissected ,lymph node metastasis , and the rate of hypoparathyroidism were compared between the two groups .Results The number of lymph nodes dissected in nanoparticle group ( n =312 ) was much bigger than that in the control group (n=189)(P0.01;χ2 =1.048).Conclu-sions The lymphatic tracer technique may improve the number of lymph nodes dissected in central region of PTC and reduce parathyroid gland damage .
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Objective To investigate the related factors of postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroid carc-er surgery.Methods 346 cases of thyroid carcer patients undergoing surgery from Jan .2013 to Dec.2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed .Results 129 cases developed hepocalcemia after thyroid surgery .Among the related factors that may cause postoperative hypocalcemia , the scope of surgery , parathyroid injury and secondary surgery might play important roles .Conclusions The inci-dence of postoperative hypocalcaemia is high after total thyroidectomy .Patients with reoperation and lymph node dissection have an increased rate of postoperative hypocalcaemia .In order to reduce hypocalcaemia incidence ,sur-gons need to protect parathyroid blood supply in thyroid surgery and give calcium after surgery .
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Objective To construct a]entiviral expression vector carrying CCDC67 and to obtain CCDC67 efficient and stable expression in mammalian cells.Methods The DNA fragment of CCDC67 coding sequence was amplified by PCR with designed primer from the cDNA library including CCDC67 gene,and then subcloned into GV208 vector with in-fusion technique to generate the lentiviral expression vector,GV208-CCDC67.The positive clones were screened by PCR and the correct CCDC67 was confirmed by sequencing.Recombinant lentiviruses were produced in 293T cells after the cotransfection of GV208-CCDC67,and packaging plasmids of pHelper 1.0 and pHelper 2.0 Green fluorescent protein (GFP)expression in 293T cells was observed to evaluate gene delivery efficiency.CCDC67 protein expression in 293T cells was detected by Western blot.Resuits The lentiviral expression vector carrying CCDC67 was successfully constructed and CCDC67 protein expression was detected in 293T cells.Conclusion The recombinant lentivirus GV208-GFP-CCDC67 is successfully constructed and it lays a foundation for further molecular function study of CCDC67.
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Objective To study fragile histidine triad gene(FHIT) gene mRNA expression in 60 samples of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) and matched adjacent non-concerous tissues (NCE),and to explore the role of FHIT gene in the development in PTC.Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect FHIT gene mRNA expression in 60 samples of PTC and matched NCE.Results In PTC tissues,the positive rate of FHIT gene mRNA expression was 45.0％ (27/60),lower than that in NCE tissues (100.0％,60/60).FHIT gene mRNA expression was correlated with pathology stage,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion FHIT loss and transcript abnormality might play important roles in proliferation and metastasis of PTC,and might be a useful marker for evaluating the biological behavior of PTC.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid and breast multiple primary carci-nomas.Methods A total of 24 cases of multiple primary tumors of thyroid and breast admitted from Jan .2011 to Jun.2013 in First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed .Results The 24 samples were confirmed as the tumor of thyroid and breast by ultrasonography .The patients underwent operation and adjuvant therapy after fine-needle aspiration biopsy , mammography and other relevant examinations .All the malignancies of thyroid and breast were confirmed by pathology .Among the 24 cases, 19 patients were invasive ductal carcinomas , 2 patients were diagnosed as intraductal carcinomas , 1 patient was confirmed as intraductal papillary carcinoma , 1 case was invasive lobular carcinoma with invasive ductal carcinoma , and 1 case was inva-sive ductal carcinoma with intraductal carcinoma .All the thyroid malignancies were papillary thyroid carcinomas . The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that , among the 24 patients of thyroid and breast multiple primary carcinomas , 11 cases were ER (+) in both thyroid cancers and breast cancers , moreover , 8 cases were ER (-) in both thyroid cancers and breast cancers .The difference between the expression of ER in the tumors of thyroid and breast had no statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusions Ultrasonography is a simple and effective im-aging method that can discover the multiple primary tumors of thyroid and breast .For patients of thyroid cancer , breast cancer should be excluded routinely .The thyroid should also be examined simultaneously in breast cancer patients.Once the possibility of one gland tumor is discovered , we should pay more attention to the other gland . Particularly, the other gland should be examined carefully for patients with ER (+).
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Nannochloropsis has been considered as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production in recent years. To improve its lipid productivity, heavy-ion irradiation mutagenesis, an effectively breeding method used in plants and microorganisms was applied in Nannochloropsis oceanica OZ-1. After large-scale screening using Imaging-PAM and microplate-reader, two mutants (HP-1 and HP-2) with higher growth rate were isolated from the wild type N. oceanica. Subsequently analysis showed that after 18 days of cultivation biomass accumulation of the HP-1 and HP-2 mutant was increased by 18% and 26% respectively compare to the wild type. Total lipid productivity of the HP-1 and HP-2 mutant was 295 mg/(L x d) and 275 mg/(L x d), respectively, whereas that of the wild type was 247 mg/(L x d). Both mutants showed significantly advantage over their wild type concerning biomass accumulation and lipid productivity.
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Heavy Ions , Lipids , Microalgae , Metabolism , Radiation Effects , Mutagenesis , Genetics , Mutation , Genetics , Stramenopiles , Genetics , Metabolism , Radiation EffectsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the outcome of postoperative hypopituitarism and hormone replacement in patients with pituitary adenoma,and to analyze the potential factors related to postoperative hypopituitarism.Methods A total of 215 postoperative patients with pituitary adenoma were analyzed.Pituitary functions( including gonadal,thyroid,and adrenal axes ) were asessed by strict criteria.Data of surgery history and hormone replacement situation were collected for statistical analysis.Results The prevalence of hypopituitarism was 54.0％,including 36.7％ hypogonadism,32.6％ hypothyroidism,and 28.4％ hypoadrenalism.Replacements of gonadal steroid,glucocorticoid,and thyroxine were carried out in 25.6％,84.3％,and 80.6％ of the cases,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that male sex and large tumor were related to hypopituitarism. Conclusion After pituitary adenomectomy,approximately half of the patients present anterior pituitary dysfunction,while quite a number of them have not been treated appropriately.
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Objective To clone and characterize Profilin encoding genes in Amaranthus spinosus and to analyze the contribution of different amino acids in isoallergens to allergen antigenicity and tertiary structure. Methods The primers were designed according to the core sequences which were obtained by bioinformatic analysis of the known Profilin amino acid sequences, followed by gene cloning from the Ama- ranthus spinosus cDNA pool and subsequent confirmation by double-digestion, colony PCR and DNA sequen- cing. Antigenicity evaluation and tertiary structural modeling of the encoded protein were accomplished by online software MULTIPRED and SWISS-MODEL, respectively. Results Two panallergenic genes, named as PRF7 and PRF23, were acquired from Amaranthus spinosus. Sequence and structure analysis demonstra- ted that there was some discrepancy in tertiary structures of the encoded proteins, besides distinct difference in their amino acid sequences. PRF7 exhibited high homology with panallergen Profilins Q64LH0, with the identities 98%, whereas the homology of PRF23 and Q9XF42 (apple allergen) was 81%. Q64LH0 and PRF23 were modeled as 3nulA (Q42449) and lg5uB (Q9LE18), respectively. PRF23 exhibited distinct0 three dimensional structural difference in certain fragments compared with Q64LH0 and other Profilins. Though the average values of antigenicity displayed no difference between Q64LH0 and PRF23 on whole se- quences, the antigenicity of PRF23 on certain fragments was obviously lower than that of Q64LHO because of the alteration of some amino acids with different characters, implying the cause of lower incidence of hay fe- ver in South China than in North China. Conclusion Based on sequence analysis, antigenicity evaluation and tertiary structural modeling for Q64LH0 and PRF23, we obtained lots of useful information about the contribution of different amino acids to antigenicity and protein structures, thus would facilitate allergen ge- netic improvement by amino acid replacement.