ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the morphological characteristics of the pectoralis major muscle and the anatomical relationship of adjacent structures .Methods:A total of 156 patients undergoing thyroid surgery at the First Hospital of Anhui University of Science & Technology and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from Dec 2020 to Sep 2022 were includeed. Those adopting routine endoscopic thyroidectomy by gasless unilateral axillary approach were assigned to group A,and searching for the sternocleidomastoid muscle through the pectoralis major muscle gap on this basis to group B.Results:Among the 78 patients in group B, a total of 71 (91%) cases were found to have a typical sternocleidomastoid muscle gap, and in 7 (9%) cases were not found. The morphology phenotypes of the gap between the clavicular part and thoracic ribs part of the pectoralis major muscle was found in 3 types: obvious separation type (typeⅠ), inconspicuous separation-partially overlapped type (typeⅡa), and inconspicuous separation-completely anastomosed type (type Ⅱb). The mean duration of surgery in group B was less (105±15) min than that in group A (156±27) min ( t=14.523, P<0.01); postoperative one day drainage in group B was less (49±6) ml than that in group A (51±6) ml ( t=2.273, P=0.024). There was no statistically significant difference in intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospital stay and complication rate between the two groups ( t=0.557, P=0.578; t=0.134, P=0.894; χ2=1.844, P=0.174). Conclusion:The search for the sternocleidomastoid muscle through the pectoralis major muscle gap in the endoscopic thyroidectomy by gasless unilateral axillary approach can shorten the duration of surgery and improve the efficiency of surgery.
ABSTRACT
A microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based microbial electrochemical sensor was developed for real-time on-line monitoring of heavy metals in water environment. The microbial electrochemical sensor was constructed with staggered flow distribution method to optimize the parameters such as external resistance value and external circulation rate. The inhibition of concentration of simulated heavy metal wastewater on voltage under optimal parameters was analyzed. The results showed that the best performance of MFC electrochemical sensor was achieved when the external resistance value was 130 Ω and the external circulation rate was 1.0 mL/min. In this case, the microbial electrochemical sensors were responsive to 1-10 mg/L Cu2+, 0.25-1.25 mg/L Cd2+, 0.25-1.25 mg/L Cr6+ and 0.25-1.00 mg/L Hg2+ within 60 minutes. The maximum rejection rates of the output voltage were 92.95%, 73.11%, 82.76% and 75.80%, respectively, and the linear correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.95. In addition, the microbial electrochemical sensor showed a good biological reproducibility. The good performance for detecting heavy metals by the newly developed microbial electrochemical sensor may facilitate the real-time on-line monitoring of heavy metals in water environment.