ABSTRACT
Heat stroke(HS)is a serious life-threatening disease caused by heat injury and characterized by a core body temperature>40℃with central nervous system dysfunction and multi-organ failure.The main pathophysiological manifestations of HS are the thermal acute phase response and thermoregulatory imbalance.Proteins are particularly sensitive to heat,and the thermal environment can cause massive protein denaturation,resulting in the deposition of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm,causing cellular dysfunction and even death.The unfolded protein response(UPR),mainly divided into the endoplasmic reticulum UPR and the mitochondrial UPR,is an important physiological process that helps proteins to fold correctly or degrade irretrievably denatured proteins.This paper summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of UPR,the relationship between UPR and severe diseases,as well as the relationship between HS and UPR to provide new ideas for the treatment of HS.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the expression,prognosis and biological role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A) in gastric cancer,and to study its effect on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells.@*Methods@#Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2. 0 (TIMER2. 0) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis ( GEPIA2) databases were used to analyze the relative expression levels of HNF4A in gastric cancer and normal tissue,KM Plotter was used to analyze the correlation between the expression level of HNF4A and the survival rate of gastric cancer patients,TISIDB database and R language (4. 1. 2) were used to analyze whether HNF4A was involved in the immune regulation process of gastric cancer.cBioPortal database was used to analyze the mutations of HNF4A in gastric cancer,GSEA 4. 2 was used to analyze the functional enrichment of HNF4A,and LinkedOmics database was used to predict the genes that might be regulated by HNF4A.The relative expression of HNF4A in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues was detected by qRT-PCR , Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) .The proliferation and cell cycle of gastric cancer cells were analyzed by CCK-8,EdU,colony forming assay and flow cytometry. @*Results @#The expression of HNF4A increased in gastric cancer tissues (P <0. 05) ,and the overall survival rate of gastric cancer patients with high HNF4A expression was worse (P<0. 001) .HNF4A was mainly missense mutated in gastric cancer.Immune cell infiltration showed that HNF4A was associated with B lymphocytes,CD8 + T cells, neutrophils,macrophages and dendritic cells ( all P <0. 001) . HNF4A was also associated with tumor mutation burden (r = 0. 28,P<0. 0001) and microsatellite instability (r = 0. 13,P<0. 01) .After knockdown of HNF4A, cell proliferation ability was significantly inhibited ,and cell cycle was arrested at G0 / G1 phase.@*Conclusion@#HNF4A expression significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues,which is associated with poor prognosis ,and may also be involved in immune regulation. Knockdown of HNF4A can inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To construct training indexes of post competency of dental hygienist, and to provide objective basis for the establishment of the index system of the transition from dental nurse to dental hygienist in the future.Methods:The relevant literature of post competency of dental hygienist was searched from the databases such as PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang database. The search time was from the establishment of the database to March 2021. The expert letter inquiry questionnaire was designed through preliminary consultation.Delphi expert consultation was conducted for 20 dental experts from Beijing city, Chongqing city, Jiangsu province, Sichuan province, Jilin province from May to November 2021, and model indexes and weight assignment of post competency of dental hygienist were determined.Results:Three rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted, the effective recoveries of the questionnaires were 100%, the expert authority coefficients were 0.81, 0.81, 0.83, respectively, the coefficient of variation of expert consultation was 0.000-0.386, 0.000-0.300 and 0.000-0.250, respectively, the coordination degree of expert opinions in the third round of consultation was 0.679, 0.428 and 0.389 (all P<0.01). The formed training indexes of post competency of dental hygienist included 4 first-level indexes, 20 second-level indexes and 60 third-level indexes. Conclusions:The training index system of post competency of dental hygienist in this study is scientific, reliable, and practical, to provide reference for training and assessment of post competency of dental hygienist and objective basis for establishing the indexes system of dental nurse to dental hygienist in the future.
ABSTRACT
On May 13, 2020, a 56-year-old man with extensive burns caused by flames and heavy metal-containing hydrothermal fluids was admitted to the General Hospital of Western Theater Command. After being admitted to the hospital, most of the burn wounds healed after treatments such as debridement, expansion, skin grafting, anti-shock, anti-infection, fluid replacement, and wound dressing change, etc. However, in the middle and late stages of treatment, the patient's burn wounds gradually showed repeated skin ulceration and inflammation. After excluding the cause of physical, bacterial infection and others, IgG4-related skin diseases was finally diagnosed by histopathological examination of tissue biopsy and concentration measurement of IgG4 in interstitial fluid, and the condition was improved after hormone treatment. This suggests that extensive burns may lead to the occurrence of autoimmune skin diseases. For the diagnosis of such diseases, it is necessary to combine clinical manifestations, serological examinations, and histopathological biopsy, etc. to avoid diagnostic pitfalls and draw correct conclusions.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Wound Healing , Treatment Outcome , Burns/surgery , Skin Transplantation , Skin Ulcer , Metals, HeavyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the application effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) combined with controlled low central venous pressure (CLCVP) in hepatectomy. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent elective partial hepatectomy in Yougchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from May 2021 to April 2022 were enrolled and divided into control group (group C), CLCVP group (group L), RIPC group (group R), and RIPC+CLCVP group (group RL) using a random number table, with 20 patients in each group. The patients in group L received CLCVP, those in group R received RIPC, and those in group RL received both CLCVP and RIPC. The patients were compared in terms of perioperative general status and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin on preoperative day 1(D0), postoperative day 1(D1), postoperative day 3(D3), postoperative day 5(D5), and postoperative day 7(D7). A one-way analysis of variance or a repeated measures analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data. Results Compared with group R, group RL had a significantly shorter time of operation ( H =14.278, P =0.015), a significantly lower total infusion volume ( H =24.175, P =0.001), and a significantly lower estimated blood loss ( H =45.625, P < 0.001). Group and time factors had significant interaction effects on TNFα, ALT, and AST in the four groups ( P < 0.001; P =0.010; P =0.012). Group RL had a significantly lower level of TNFα than group L on D1( P < 0.001) and D3( P < 0.001). Group RL had a significantly lower level of ALT than group L on D1( P =0.008) and D7( P < 0.001). Conclusion For patients undergoing hepatectomy, RIPC combined with CLCVP can effectively reduce intraoperative blood loss, provide a clear surgical field, and shorten the time of operation; meanwhile, it can also inhibit inflammatory response by reducing TNFα, but it cannot effectively alleviate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury after hepatectomy under the context of CLCVP.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the pathological characteristics of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimens for early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions, accumulating experience for clinical management and pathological analysis.@*METHODS@#A total of 411 cases of early gastric cancer or precancerous lesions underwent ESD. According to the Japanese guidelines for ESD treatment of early gastric cancer and classification of gastric carcinoma, the clinicopathological data, pathologic evaluation, concordance rate of pathological diagnosis between preoperative endoscopic forceps biopsies and their ESD specimens (in 400 cases), as well as the risk factors of non-curative resection of early gastric cancer, were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#23.4% (96/411) of the 411 cases were adenoma/low-grade dysplasia and 76.6% (315/411) were early gastric cancer. The latter included 28.0% (115/411) non-invasive carcinoma/high-grade dysplasia and 48.7% (200/411) invasive carcinoma. The concordance rate of pathological diagnosis between endoscopic forceps biopsies and ESD specimens was 66.0% (264/400), correlating with pathological diagnosis and lesion location (P < 0.01). The rate of upgraded diagnosis and downgraded diagnosis after ESD was 29.8% (119/400) and 4.2% (17/400), respectively. Among the 315 cases of early gastric cancer, there were 277 cases (87.9%) of differentiated type and 38 cases (12.1%) of undifferentiated type. In the study, 262 cases (83.2%) met with absolute indication, while 53 cases (16.8%) met relative indication. En bloc and curative resection rates were 98.1% and 82.9%, respectively. Risk factors for non-curative resection included a long diameter >20 mm (OR=3.631, 95%CI: 1.170-11.270, P=0.026), tumor infiltration into submucosa (OR=69.761, 95%CI: 21.033-231.376, P < 0.001)and undifferentiated tumor histology (OR=16.950, 95%CI: 4.585-62.664, P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#Several subjective and objective factors, such as the limitations of biopsy samples, the characteristics and distribution of the lesions, different pathological understanding, and the endoscopic sampling and observation, can lead to the differences between the preoperative and postoperative pathological diagnosis of ESD. In particular, the pathological upgrade of postoperative diagnosis was more significant and should receive more attention by endoscopists and pathologists. The curative resection rate of early gastric cancer in ESD was high. Non-curative resection was related to the long diameter, the depth of tumor invasion and histological classification. ESD can also be performed in undifferentiated early gastric cancer if meeting the indication criteria. The comprehensive and standardized pathological analysis of ESD specimens is clinically important to evaluate the curative effect of ESD operation and patient outcomes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Endoscopic Mucosal Resection , Retrospective Studies , Endoscopy , Precancerous ConditionsABSTRACT
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory dermatosis with a variety of clinical manifestations and difficult to cure. Currently, many AD drug candidates have entered the research and development pipeline. In order to provide technical specifications for the clinical development of AD drugs, the Center for Drug Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration released the "Technical Guidelines for Clinical Trials of Drugs for AD Treatment" (Draft for Comments) in November 2022. Non-clinical pharmacodynamics evaluation is an important research before the drug enters clinical trials. Oxazolone (OXA)- and 2,4-dinitro-fluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced models are the most popular classical hapten-induced AD murine models, but variations of modeling are existing in the methods from different studies, including sensitization sites, haptens' dosages, the period of challenges, and the skin lesions severity evaluation as well. In this study, the investigation of OXA- and DNFB-induced AD murine models with various conditions of modeling was performed to compare the characteristics of hapten-induced AD murine models in the pathological process and severity according to the appearance of AD patients, and the guidance of pharmacodynamics evaluation of AD-therapeutic drugs in clinical trials as well, which may provide a proposal for AD treatment drug candidates in the non-clinical pharmacodynamics evaluation. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care & Welfare Committee of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (approval No.: 00007782 and 00007784).
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Zishenwan on glucose and lipid metabolism in spontaneous type 2 diabetes (db/db) mice and investigate the underlying mechanism for improving diabetes based on intestinal barrier function and skeletal muscle transcriptome sequencing results. MethodLiquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the components of Zishenwan. Sixteen 6-week-old db/db mice were divided into a model group and a Zishenwan group, while eight wild-type mice were assigned to the normal group. The Zishenwan group received oral administration of drugs for six weeks, during which fasting blood glucose, body weight, and food intake were measured. Serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined, and fasting insulin levels were measured to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). After the treatment, skeletal muscle and ileum tissues were collected, followed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of tight junction proteins occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the ileum. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect the skeletal muscle transcriptome, and enrichment analysis was conducted for differentially expressed genes. ResultMultiple active components were identified in Zishenwan. Compared with the normal group, the model group showed increased fasting blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, and HOMA-IR (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, Zishenwan significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, and HOMA-IR in db/db mice (P<0.01), while there was no statistically significant difference in food intake. Compared with the normal group, the model group exhibited lipid deposition in skeletal muscle, as well as structural changes in the ileum, with significant decreases in the protein expression levels of intestinal occludin and ZO-1 (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, Zishenwan improved the pathological changes in skeletal muscle and ileum, and increased the protein expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the ileum (P<0.01). Transcriptome analysis suggested that Zishenwan might improve skeletal muscle metabolism and increase insulin sensitivity in mice. ConclusionZishenwan can improve glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice, and this effect may be related to its protection of intestinal barrier function and transcriptional regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism-related genes.
ABSTRACT
Zishenwan, also known as Tongguanwan, is composed of three herbs:Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, and Cinnamomi Cortex, which thus is thought to be the representative formula to clear heat, purge fire, nourish Yin, and tonify Qi, and it is often used for treating anuresis and renal arthralgia. In recent years, this formula has become a commonly used combination of herbs and is used to treat diabetes (consumptive thirst disease) diagnosed with "lower consumption" syndrome. This article systematically reviewed the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory for Zishenwan. Moreover, based on modern pharmacological research, the previous studies on the components of Zishenwan, the improvement of diabetes-related diseases by Zishenwan, and the relationship between the single herd of Zishenwan and the treatment of diabetes were summarized, and the chemical components and the mechanisms for treating diabetes by the three herbs were discussed. It is found that Zishenwan can alleviate diabetes and diabetic nephropathy by performing anti-inflammation, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and inhibiting pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells. Three herbs in Zishenwan and several components of them, including mangiferin, timosaponins, berberine, jatrorrhizine, cinnamaldehyde, and cinnamic acid can ameliorate diabetes and maintain stable glycometabolism by a variety of mechanisms such as improving insulin resistance in insulin target tissues, suppressing inflammation, anti-oxidation, regulating lipid metabolism, enhancing insulin secretion, and regulating gut microbiota. This review provides a theoretical foundation and reference for subsequent studies on the mechanisms of the anti-diabetic effect of Zishenwan.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To estimate the incidence of HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) in key areas of China through HIV-1 limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-Avidity EIA), analyze the deviation from the actual results and identify influencing factors, and provided reference for improving the accuracy of estimation results. Methods: Based on the principle of the cohort randomized study design, 20 cities were selected in China based on population size and the number of HIV-positive MSM. The sample size was estimated to be 700 according to the HIV-1 infection rate in MSM. MSM mobile phone app. was used to establish a detection appointment and questionnaire system, and the baseline cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to November 2019. LAg-Avidity EIA was used to identify the recent infected samples. The incidence of HIV-1 infection was calculated and then adjusted based on the estimation formula designed by WHO. The influencing factors were identified by analyzing the sample collection and detection processes. Results: Among the 10 650 blood samples from the participants, 799 were HIV-positive in initial screening, in which 198 samples (24.78%) missed during confirmation test. Only 621 samples were received by the laboratory. After excluding misreported samples, 520 samples were qualified for testing. A total of 155 samples were eventually determined as recent infection through LAg-Avidity EIA; Based on the estimation formula , the incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in 20 cities was 4.06% (95%CI:3.27%-4.85%), it increased to 5.53% (95%CI: 4.45%-6.60%)after the adjusting for sample missing rate. When the sample missing rate and misreporting rate were both adjusted, the incidence of HIV-1 infection in the MSM increased to 5.66% (95%CI:4.67%-6.65%). The actual incidence of HIV-1 infection in MSM in the 20 cities might be between 4.06% and 5.66%. Conclusions: Sample missing and misreporting might cause the deviation of the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence. It is important to ensure the sample source and the quality of sample collection and detection to reduce the deviation in the estimation of HIV-1 infection incidence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1 , Homosexuality, Male , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Incidence , Sexual and Gender MinoritiesABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the distribution of HIV-1 genetic subtypes and pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 19 cities of 6 provinces in China. Methods: From April to November 2019, 574 plasma samples of ART-naive HIV-1 infected MSM were collected from 19 cities in Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces, total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted and amplified the HIV-1 pol gene region by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after reverse transcription. Then sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree to determine genetic subtypes and submitted to the Stanford drug resistance database for drug resistance analysis. Results: A total of 479 samples were successfully amplified by PCR. The HIV-1 genetic subtypes included CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, B, CRF55_01B, CRF59_01B, CRF65_cpx, CRF103_01B, CRF67_01B, CRF68_01B and unrecognized subtype, which accounted for 43.4%, 36.3%, 6.3%, 5.9%, 0.8%, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.2% and 5.5%, respectively. The distribution of genetic subtypes among provinces is statistically different (χ2=44.141, P<0.001). The overall PDR rate was 4.6% (22/479), the drug resistance rate of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors were 3.5% (17/479), 0.8% (4/479) and 0.2% (1/479), respectively. The PDR rate of recent infections was significantly higher than that of long-term infections (χ2=4.634, P=0.031). Conclusions: The HIV-1 genetic subtypes among MSM infected with HIV-1 from 19 cities of 6 provinces in China are diverse, and the distribution of subtypes is different among provinces. The overall PDR rate is low, while the PDR rate of recent infections was significantly higher than that of long-term infections, suggesting the surveillance of PDR in recent infections should be strengthened.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Cities , Drug Resistance , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , Genotype , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Seropositivity/drug therapy , HIV-1/genetics , Homosexuality, Male , Phylogeny , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Sexual and Gender MinoritiesABSTRACT
Objective:By reviewing and analyzing the patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine compound for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes, this paper aims to analize the patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine compound and medication rules for the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications with data mining technology.Methods:Based on data mining technology, this paper searched for the patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine compound that could prevent and treat chronic complications of diabetes with SOOIP (Intellectual Property Big Data Center) website, and analyzed the application trends, number , categories, etc. Then IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software was used for correlation analysis, and finally the medication and compatibility of the Chinese medicine prescriptions are summarized.Results:There were all together 307 patents, and the number of patent applications for the prevention and treatment of chronic complications of diabetes with Chinese medicines has increased before 2015. Most patents in classification belongs to A61P. China accounts for the majority of the global total applications, of which Shandong province accounts the most. The applicants are mostly individuals and enterprises. The categories commonly used in patent applications are mainly oral drug combinations; The Astragali Radix, Puerariae lobatae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are the most commonly used application. The Traditional Chinese Medicine patent mostly has sweet taste, warm in property, and channel-tropism of medicine is mostly liver, as well as the liver is most associated with bitterness in taste. The commonly used couplet medicines are Puerariae lobatae Radix-Astragali Radix, Puerariae lobatae Radix-Rehmanniae Radix, Astragali Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma. Conclusion:The number of such patents applied for in China is small, and the regional development is unbalanced; Data mining technology can be used to discover the compatibility rule of Chinese patent prescription prescription for diabetes prevention and treatment, so as to provide reference for clinical optimization of prescription, improvement of curative effect and development of new drugs for treatment of diabetic complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the application value of advance care planning among patients with chronic heart failure, so as to provide reference for the clinical practice of advance care planning.Methods:A total of 62 chronic heart failure patients from October 2017 to November 2019 in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital were assigned to control group and experimental group according to the enrolled time, with 31 cases in each group. The patients in the control group from October 2017 to October 2018 recieved routine nursing, the experimental group from November 2018 to November 2019 carried out advance care planning based on the routine care. Before and after 3 weeks of intervention, the fatigue symptom and psychological condition were assessed by the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), respectively.Results:There was no significant difference in the score of MFI-20 and SCL-90 before intervention between the two groups( P>0.05). After 3 weeks of intervention, the mental fatigue scores and total scores in MFI-20 were (8.23 ± 2.77), (51.00 ± 5.03) points in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group (10.23 ± 2.58), (54.06 ± 5.50) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.94, 2.29, all P<0.05). After 3 weeks of intervention, the somatization, obsessive symptoms, depression, anxiety, hostility scores and total score of SCL-90 were (1.28 ± 0.14), (1.43 ± 0.09), (1.19 ± 0.12), (1.13 ± 0.08), (1.33 ± 0.07), (121.00 ± 3.68) points in the experimental group, significantly lower than those in the control group (1.82 ± 0.44), (1.73 ± 0.58), (1.69 ± 0.12), (1.78 ± 0.13), (1.39 ± 0.10), (144.69 ± 9.09) points, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.76-23.06, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Advance care planning can effectively alleviate fatigue symptom and improve psychological condition of patients with chronic heart failure.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To find out the hot-spot issues in the field of oral nursing.Methods:The bibliometric, classified statistics and CiteSpace visualized analysis methods were used to describe the current situation of papers publication in this field, the characteristics of core authors, highly cited papers and important burst terms and the co-occurrence map of key words by collecting oral nursing related papers of Web of Science published from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2019.Results:A total of 1 645 literatures were obtained. It experienced growth of the total amount of the published articles and citation. The USA had the largest number of research papers and China ranked the thirteenth, 10 journals including British Dental Journal published 53.25% of the SCI papers about oral nursing. Most articles were published on journals with impact factor ranging 1-2. The de Baat C research team was the most influential. The articles of oral nursing research focused on the oral health, care, quality of life, prevention, health, prevalence, oral hygiene, oral care, nursing, children, risk and so on. The analysis of burst terms found that the frontiers of oral nursing research focus on oral care, quality of life, health and so on.Conclusion:The hot-spot directions of oral nursing research are family oral care solution of specific people and the help of teledentistry for oral health care.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveIn order to ensure the food safety of cultured aquatic products in China, strengthen the supervision and improve detection efficiency, a high-throughput screening method for drug residues in aquatic products by mass spectrometry is to be developed. MethodsLiquid chromatography-electrostatic field track well high resolution mass spectrometry and C18 column were used to separate and collect the information of ion fragments and retention time of 195 veterinary drug standards in positive ion mode, and drug residues in aquatic products were extracted by organic solvents. ResultsThe mass spectrum database and detection methods of 195 veterinary drug standards were established, and a pre-treatment method was developed for extracting veterinary drug residues from aquatic products by acetonitrile and ethyl acetate. The detection method was sensitive, accurate, simple and rapid, and the adding standard recovery of more than 80% compounds reached 70%‒110%. ConclusionThe establishment of this method can quickly and massively screen drug residues in aquatic products, provide technical support for food safety risk monitoring and supervision, cope with the increasing demand for aquatic products and aquaculture volume year by year, and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of mass spectrometry high-throughput detection methods.
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to clarify the therapeutic effect of cornuside on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and its influence on T helper 17 (Th17) cell and regulatory T (Treg) cell infiltration into the central nervous system. Rats were randomly placed into four treatment groups: control, EAE, EAE+cornuside, and EAE+prednisolone. The neurological function scores of rats were assessed daily. On the second day after EAE rats began to show neurological deficit symptoms, the four groups were treated with normal saline, normal saline, cornuside (150 mg/kg), and prednisolone (5 mg/kg), respectively. The treatment was discontinued after two weeks, and the spinal cord was obtained for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and luxol fast blue staining, as well as retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) immunohistochemical staining. Blood was collected for Th17 and Treg cell flow cytometry testing, and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), IL-6, IL-23, and IL-2 were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with rats in the EAE group, rats in the EAE+cornuside and EAE+prednisolone groups began to recover from neurological deficits earlier, and had a greater degree of improvement of symptoms. Focal inflammation, demyelination, and RORγ-positive cell infiltration were reduced by cornuside or prednisolone treatment, whereas the Foxp3-positive cell numbers were not significantly different. Meanwhile, the number of Th17 cells and the IL-17A, IL-6, and IL-23 levels were lower in the blood after cornuside or prednisolone treatment, whereas the number of Treg cells or the levels of IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-2 were not markedly different. Cornuside can alleviate symptoms of EAE neurological deficits through its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, and Th17 cells may be one of its therapeutic targets.
ABSTRACT
The animal models used in the experimental research of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to prevent and treat T2DM are mainly spontaneous and induced. The experimental research of TCM in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes can be divided into Chinese medicine compound, Chinese medicine and its extract, Chinese medicine monomer. The mechanism is mainly through regulating intestinal flora, increasing insulin content, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, improving glucose tolerance, and improving gluconeogenesis, antioxidant, inhibit cell apoptosis, etc. play the role of preventing and treating T2DM in multiple links and multiple targets.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect between electroacupuncture (EA) at Neima point and Neiguan (PC 6) and epidural nerve block for preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with elective radical esophagectomy were randomly divided into a group A, a group B and a control group, 20 cases in each group. The patients in the group A were treated with injection of 20 mL 0.375% ropivacaine at epidural space 30 min before anesthesia induction, followed by normal anesthesia during operation; the patients in the group B were treated with 30 min EA at bilateral Neima point and Neiguan (PC 6) before anesthesia induction, followed by normal anesthesia during operation; the patients in the control group were treated with general anesthesia alone. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was applied for all the patients. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at the following time points: before acupuncture/epidural puncture (T@*RESULTS@#The MAP at T@*CONCLUSION@#The preemptive analgesia of EA at Neima point and Neiguan (PC 6) and epidural nerve block could both provide effective perioperative analgesia for thoracic surgery. The EA could better maintain intraoperative hemodynamics and has less physiological disturbance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, General , Electroacupuncture , Epidural Space , Nerve Block , Thoracic SurgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Despite almost two decades of well-funded and comprehensive response efforts by the Chinese Government, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a major problem in China. Yet, few studies have recently examined long-term trends in HIV/AIDS prevalence, incidence, and mortality at the national level. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and mortality trends for HIV/AIDS over the past 28 years in China.@*METHODS@#We conducted a descriptive, epidemiological, secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 data. To evaluate trends in prevalence, incidence, and mortality over the study period from 1990 to 2017, we calculated values for annual percentage change (APC) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using joinpoint regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#A significant increase in HIV/AIDS prevalence was observed for 1990 to 2009 (APC: 10.7; 95% CI: 10.4, 11.0; P < 0.001), and then remained stable for 2009 to 2017 (APC: 0.7; 95% CI: -0.3, 1.7; P = 0.1). A significant increase in HIV incidence was also observed for 1990 to 2005 (APC: 13.0; 95% CI: 12.6, 13.4; P < 0.001), and then a significant decrease was detected for 2005 to 2017 (APC: -6.5; 95% CI: -7.0, -6.1; P < 0.001). A significant increase in AIDS-related mortality rate was detected for 1990 to 2004 (APC: 10.3; 95% CI: 9.3, 11.3; P < 0.001), followed by a period of stability for 2004 to 2013 (APC: 1.3; 95% CI: -0.7, 3.3; P = 0.2), and then another significant increase for 2013 to 2017 (APC: 15.3; 95% CI: 8.7, 22.2; P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Although prevalence has stabilized and incidence has declined, AIDS-related mortality has risen sharply in recent years. These findings suggest more must be done to bring people into treatment earlier, retain them in treatment more effectively, actively seek to reenter them in treatment if they dropout, and improve the quality of treatment and care regimens.