ABSTRACT
Background@#To evaluate the degree of deformation in patients with ankle osteoarthritis (OA), it is essential to measure the threedimensional (3D), in other words, stereoscopic alignment of the ankle, subtalar, and foot arches. Generally, measurement of radiological parameters use two-dimensional (2D) anteroposterior and lateral radiographs in a weight-bearing state; however, computeraided 3D analysis (Disior) using weight-bearing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has recently been introduced. @*Methods@#In this study, we compared the 2D human radiographic method with a stereoscopic image in patients with ankle arthritis. We enrolled 57 patients diagnosed with OA (28 left and 29 right) and obtained both standing radiographs and weight-bearing CBCT. Patients were divided by the Takakura stage. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each result was confirmed. @*Results@#On the ICC between 2D radiographs and 3D analysis, the tibiotalar surface angle and lateral talo-1st metatarsal angle showed a good ICC grade (> 0.6), while other parameters did not have significant ICC results. Three-dimension was superior to radiographs in terms of statistical significance. @*Conclusions@#We demonstrated that 2D and stereoscopic images are useful for the diagnosis of OA. Our study also confirmed that the radiographic features affected by ankle OA varied. However, according to the results, the typical radiography is not sufficient to diagnose and determine a treatment plan for ankle OA. Therefore, the method of using 3D images should be considered.
ABSTRACT
The digastric muscle has two bellies and it has various variation in submental region. During dissection of a 79-year-old Korean female cadaver, bilateral variations at the anterior belly (AB) of the digastric muscle in submental region were shown. Two accessory bellies originated medial to the origin of the two normal ABs of the digastric muscle. They run medially and combined each other anterior to the median raphe of the mylohyoid muscle. In left side, AB of the digastric muscle was divided into two muscular bellies. Therefore, five bellies of ABs of the digastric muscle were found. This novel variation has not been described in the literature and this appearance will guide clinicians during surgical interventions and radiological diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Cadaver , Diagnosis , Head , KoreaABSTRACT
Michelangelo was a Renaissance artist showing many works. As the secrets of Michelangelo's art have been revealed recently, various studies have been carried out, revealing the secret code of human anatomy in his work. This was an important clue that Michelangelo dissected a huge number of human beings and was a anatomist with considerable expertise. Brazilian doctors Jalousie Bahaetto and Marcelo G Gli Oliveira, from the Vatican Sistina ceiling murals to the sculpture Pieta, examined the works of the Renaissance genius artist Michelangelo in detail and found anatomical elements in many works. Although some interpretations are controversial, it would be a good experience for medical doctor to appreciate masterpieces of Michelangelo in comparison to their human anatomy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anatomists , SculptureABSTRACT
Anatomic variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are common and have been studied by many authors. The origin of the anterior circumflex humeral artery is also various and its association with other variations has been focused recently. This study identified the origin of the anterior circumflex humeral artery, the communication between the musculocutaneous and median nerves, and the third head of the biceps brachii muscle, and then their associations were examined. Axillae of 75 cadavers were dissected and these variations were collected. The anterior circumflex humeral artery arose directly from the third parts of the axillary artery in 82.0% of upper limbs. It also arose as common stem for both humeral arteries in 7.3% of the third part of the axillary artery and in 5.3% of the subscapular artery, respectively. The anterior circumflex humeral artery was absent in 2.7% and two anterior circumflex humeral artery was found in 1.3% of limbs. The communication between the musculocutaneous and median nerves and the third head of the biceps brachii muscle were found in 32.0% and 16.0% of upper limbs, respectively. These variations were not statistically associated with each other. These results may provide deep knowledge about the anatomy of the anterior circumflex humeral artery and contribute to explain its clinical implications.
Subject(s)
Arteries , Axilla , Axillary Artery , Cadaver , Extremities , Head , Median Nerve , Upper ExtremityABSTRACT
The zinc finger protein ZBTB48 is a telomere-associated factor and renamed it as telomeric zinc finger-associated protein (TZAP). It binds preferentially to long telomeres competing with TRF1 and TRF2. However, its expression in cancers has not been performed. In the present study, we analyzed the prognosis of TZAP expression in 22 kinds of cancers by using TCGA data analysis. TZAP expression had a prognostic value in cervical, colon, and pancreatic cancers. When sorting the patients differently, it got the significance in bladder, breast, kidney, brain, and lung cancers. TZAP expression was associated with better prognosis in bladder, breast, cervical, lung, and pancreatic cancers. However, it showed poorer survival results in colon, kidney, and brain cancers. This result suggested that TZAP expression appears to be a possible prognosis marker in various cancers.