ABSTRACT
@#Objective To compare the effect of impulse electroacupuncture (impulse-EA) and music electroacupuncture (music-EA) for Tongdu Qishen on spatial learning and memory, and expression of cytokine in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Methods A total of 32 APP/PS1 double transgenic male mice were randomly divided into model group (n=8), drug group (n=8), impulse-EA group (n=8) and music-EA group (n=8), the same background and age male C57BL/6 mice were observed as normal group (n=8). The impulse-EA group and music-EA group accepted EA at Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29), connected with their own electroacupuncture stimulators, for 20 minuts, then, they were pricked Renzhong (GV26) for a while. The drug group accepted donepezil hydrochloride 0.92 mg/kg intra-gastrically. The normal group, model group and drug group were grabbed and bounded in the same way. After 15 days of treatment, they were assessed with Morris water maze. The expression of high mobility group box pro-tein-1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in hippocampus were measured with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results The escape latency shortened inEA groups compared with that of the model group since the fourth day of Morris water maze training (P<0.05), and it was the least in the music-EA group; and the ratio of swimming across the target quadrant increased (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between EA groups (P>0.05). The ex-pression of HMGB1 decreased (P<0.05) and the expression of IL-10 increased (P<0.05) in EA groups com-pared with that of the model group, and HMGB1 decreased more and IL-10 increased more in the music-EA group than in the impulse-EA group (P<0.05), according to the measurement in immunohistochemistry, not in Western blotting. Conclusion Both impulse-EA and music-EA based on Tongdu Qishen can promote the recovery of the learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice, and music-EA may do more effectively in inhibition of pro-inflammatory factors and promotion of the anti-inflammatory factors.
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Objective·To study the imaging of subcutaneous lymph-vessels and lymph-nodes in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with different concentrations of indocyanine green (ICG), and to find the best concentration to improve the success rate of SLNB. Methods·A total of 339 primary breast cancer patients with clinical negative axillary lymph node were enrolled in the study. Double tracer method [ICG and methylene blue (10 mg/mL)] was used for sentinel lymph node biopsy. 1.25 mg/mL ICG was diluted to difference concentration. The injection volume was 1 mL for ICG and 1 mL for methylene blue. The imaging of subcutaneous lymph-vessels and lymph-nodes and the success rate of SLNB were recorded after injection of different concentrations of ICG. Results·The concentration of ICG had significant effect on lymph-vessels and lymph-nodes imaging rate and SLNB success rate (P=0.001). In the group that breast tumors not located in the external upper quadrant (needle biopsy or excisional biopsy) and tumor located in the external upper quadrant without excisional biopsy (needle biopsy), concentration of ICG reached 80％ subcutaneous lymph-vessels imaging rate is 0.723 mg/mL (95％ CI 0.595-0.915 mg/mL). In this group, in this concentration range, the imaging rate of subcutaneous lymph node was 28％-53％, and the success rate of SLNB was 88％-92％. In the group that breast tumors located in the external upper quadrant and had been resected, the imaging rate of subcutaneous lymph-vessels and lymph-nodes was 50％-69％ and 20％-42％, respectively, and the success rate of SLNB was 76％-81％. The difference of subcutaneous lymph-vessels imaging rate between two groups was statistically significant (P=0.014), but the difference of lymph-nodes imaging rate and SLNB success rate had no significance (P=0.628, P=0.232). Conclusion·Using double tracer (ICG and methylene blue) in SLNB is simple and feasible. The best concentration of ICG is 0.723 mg/mL, which can improve the imaging rate of lymph nodes and lymph nodes.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study biomechanical changes of newly formed bones 24 weeks after repairing large defects of long bones of goats using heterogeneous deproteinated bone (DPB) prepared by modified methods as an engineering scaffold.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to a fully randomized design, 18 goats were evenly divided into three groups: normal bone control group (Group A), autologous bone group (Group B) and experimental group (Group C). Each goat in Groups B and C were subjected to the periosteum and bone defect at middle-lower part of the right tibia (20% of the whole tibia in length), followed by autologous bone or DPB plus autologous MSCs + rhBMP2 implantation, respectively and semi-ring slot fixation; while goats in Group A did not perform osteotomy. At 24 weeks after surgery, biomechanical tests were carried out on the tibias.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 24 weeks after surgery, the results of anti-compression test on tibias in three groups were recorded by a functional recorder presented as linear pressure-deformation curve. The shapes of the curves and their change tendency were similar among three groups. The ultimate pressure values were 10.74 MPa+/-1.23 MPa, 10.11 MPa+/-1.35 MPa and 10.22 MPa+/-1.32 MPa and fracture compression rates were 26.82%+/-0.87%, 27.17%+/-0.75% and 28.22%+/-1.12% in Groups A, B and C, respectively. Comparisons of anti-compression ultimate pressures and fracture compression rates among three groups demonstrated no significant difference (P(AB) equal to 0.415, P(BC) equal to 0.494). Three-point anti-bend test on tibias was recorded as load-deformation curves, and the shapes of the curves and their change tendency were similar among three groups. The ultimate pressure values of the anti-bend test were 481.52 N+/-12.45 N, 478.34 N+/-14.68 N and 475.62 N+/-13.41 N and the fracture bend rates were 2.62 mm+/-0.12 mm, 2.61 mm+/-0.15 mm and 2.81 mm+/-0.13 mm in Groups A, B and C, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups (P(AB) equal to 0.7, P(BC) equal to 0.448). The ultimate anti-torsion torque values were 6.55 Nm+/-0.25 Nm, 6.34 Nm+/-0.18 Nm and 6.42 Nm+/-0.21 Nm and fracture torsion rates were 29.51 degree+/-1.64degree, 28.88 degree+/-1.46 degree and 28.81 degree+/-1.33 degree in Groups A, B and C, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups (P(AB) equal to 0.123, P(BC) equal to 0.346).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The biomechanical characteristics of newly formed bones from heterogeneous DPB for repairing large segmental long bone defect are comparable to those of normal bones and autologous bones. DPB has the potential for clinical usage as bone graft material.</p>