Construction of folate receptors and mitochondria targeting celastrol-loaded PAMAM nano-drug delivery system and its in vitro anti-inflammatory effect / 药学学报

Pro-inflammatory macrophages play key regulatory role in the occurrence and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we constructed a celastrol (Cel)-loaded polyamide-amine dendrimer (PAMAM) drug delivery system, which could target folate receptor and mitochondria. It could target inflammatory macrophages and realize chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy. Using PAMAM as the nano-carrier, folate receptor-targeting group folic acid (FA) and mitochondria-targeting group IR808 (also known as the photothermal agent) were conjugated with PAMAM through amide reaction, and then complexed with anti-inflammatory drug Cel to prepare the FA-PAMAM-IR808/Cel nanocomplex. In vitro characterization results showed that the drug loading efficiency of the nanocomplex was 50.90%, particle size was between 130 and 160 nm, average potential was between 1.0 and 3.5 mV, the drug release showed pH sensitivity, temperature reached to 42.5 ℃ after near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation for 10 min. In vitro cellular uptake experiments showed that the nanocomplex had obvious folate receptor-targeting and mitochondria-targeting ability. Following irradiation with NIR light, the cytotoxicity and cellular apoptosis enhanced. The secretion of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. This study provided insights for the development of novel anti-RA nanomedicines.

Date Mining-Based Research on Medication Rules of Prescriptions in Universal Relief:Cough Medicine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To explore the medication regularity of prescriptions in Universal Relief:Cough Medicine in that to provide worthy reference for clinical treatment of cough.Methods The prescriptions in Universal Relief:Cough Medicine was collected and then established the database using Excel 2016 softwore,and carried out medication frequency analysis.SPSS Modeler 18.0 and Lantern 5.0 were used to perform association rules analysis and latent structure model analysis to explore medication rules of prescriptions in Universal Relief:Cough Medicine.Results 607 prescriptions were collected,involving 335 traditional Chinese medicines.A total of medication frequency is 3941,The most frequently used TCMs were ganca(glycyrrhizae radixet rhizoma)and shengjiang(zinglberis rhizoma recens)and kuxingren(armeniaeae semen amarum).The main efficacy of the medicine is to dissipate phlegm,relieve cough,relieve asthma,and replenish deficiency,and warm in nature,spicy,bitter,and sweet in taste and lung and spleen in meridian.14 strongly correlated material rules were sorted out by association rule analysis such as banxia(pinelliae rhizoma)+gancao(glycyrrhizae radixet rhizoma)→shengjiang(zinglberis rhizoma recens)、banxia(pinelliae rhizoma)→shengjiang(zinglberis rhizoma recens)and mahuang(ephedrae herba)+gancao(glycyrrhizae radixet rhizoma)→kuxingren(armeniaeae semen amarum).12 variables were obtained by latent structure model analysis,and according to professional knowledge inference,3 integrated cluster models and 1 single cluster and 4 core prescriptions were obtained.It was inferred that the common syndromes of Universal Relief:Cough Medicine were cold drink stoping in the lung,qi deficiency external phlegm dampness inside,phlegm heat blocking lung,and lung deficiency prolonged cough.Conclusion The medication rules of prescriptions in Universal Relief:Cough Medicine is mainly benefiting qi and resolving phlegm,cure both the symptoms and the disease,and in different situations combine with different treatment methods,such as warming the lung and resolving phlegm,clearing heat and resolving phlegm,tonifying qi and resolving external symptoms,and astringent lung qi.

Effects of moderate-intensity physical training on students' mental health recovery / Efeitos do treinamento físico de intensidade moderada sobre a recuperação da saúde mental dos estudantes / Efectos del entrenamiento físico de intensidad moderada en la recuperación de la salud mental de los estudiantes

ABSTRACT Introduction Moderate-intensity physical training effectively improves physical fitness and promotes an important impact on restoring human mental health. Objective This study aims to explore the effect of moderate-intensity physical training on students' mental health. Methods 100 students presented themselves as research volunteers. The moderate-intensity sport the students played was badminton. Each exercise lasted 30 minutes. A scale was used to detect the students' emotional changes after exercise. Different intensity exercise programs were formulated according to the improvement in the student's mood. The mechanism of the impact of moderate-intensity exercise on mental health was also compared. Results Students' emotional state before the exercise intervention was affected by physical exhaustion. After the exercise intervention, the emotional state of college students was shown to be more resilient to physical exhaustion. The dynamic changes in students' states before and after the intervention were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Moderate-intensity sports positively affect students' mental health recovery. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O treinamento físico de intensidade moderada é uma forma eficaz de aperfeiçoar a aptidão física além de promover um impacto importante na restauração da saúde mental humana. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é explorar o efeito do treinamento físico de moderada intensidade sobre a saúde mental dos estudantes. Métodos 100 estudantes apresentaram-se como voluntários de pesquisa. O esporte de intensidade moderada que os estudantes praticam foi o badminton. Cada exercício teve duração de 30 minutos. Uma escala foi utilizada para detectar as alterações emocionais dos estudantes após a prática do exercício. Formulou-se diferentes programas de exercícios de intensidade de acordo com a melhoria do humor do estudante. O mecanismo do impacto do exercício de intensidade moderada sobre a saúde mental também foi comparado. Resultados O estado emocional dos estudantes antes da intervenção de exercícios foi afetado pela exaustão física. Após a intervenção de exercício, o estado emocional dos estudantes universitários mostrou-se mais resistente à exaustão física. As mudanças dinâmicas do estado dos estudantes antes e depois da intervenção foram estatisticamente significativas (P<0,05). Conclusão Os esportes de intensidade moderada afetam positivamente a recuperação da saúde mental dos estudantes. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El entrenamiento físico de intensidad moderada es una forma eficaz de mejorar la aptitud física, además de promover un importante impacto en el restablecimiento de la salud mental humana. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio es explorar el efecto del entrenamiento físico de intensidad moderada en la salud mental de los estudiantes. Métodos 100 estudiantes se presentaron como voluntarios para la investigación. El deporte de intensidad moderada que practican los alumnos es el bádminton. Cada ejercicio duró 30 minutos. Se utilizó una escala para detectar los cambios emocionales de los estudiantes después del ejercicio. Se formularon programas de ejercicio de diferente intensidad en función de la mejora del estado de ánimo de los alumnos. También se comparó el mecanismo del impacto del ejercicio de intensidad moderada en la salud mental. Resultados El estado emocional de los estudiantes antes de la intervención de ejercicio se vio afectado por el agotamiento físico. Tras la intervención de ejercicio, se demostró que el estado emocional de los estudiantes universitarios era más resistente al agotamiento físico. Los cambios dinámicos en el estado de los alumnos antes y después de la intervención fueron estadísticamente significativos (P<0,05). Conclusión Los deportes de intensidad moderada afectan positivamente a la recuperación de la salud mental de los estudiantes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Trends of smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the trends of smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019, and to provide theoretical evidence for effective tobacco and alcohol interventions among adolescents.@*Methods@#Data regarding smoking and drinking behaviors from adolescent health risk behavior surveillance program in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019 were collected, and the prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking were comparatively analyzed.@*Results@#The prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking among boys were significantly higher than those among girls in 2004 to 2019( χ 2=58.20-347.44, P <0.01). Except the prevalence of ever drinking in 2012, the prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking in vocational school students were the highest in each survey( χ 2=111.19-1 196.61, P <0.01). From 2004 to 2019, the standardized rates of smoking and drinking of boys and girls showed a downward trend ( APC =-6.20--1.80, P <0.05). The standardized ever smoking rate and the standardized ever drinking rate of both boys and girls declined significantly from 2004 to 2019（ APC=-5.00, -1.80, P ＜0.05）. The overall standardized rate of ever smoking decreased from 21.02% in 2004 to 12.23% in 2019, and that of ever drinking decreased from 60.52% in 2004 to 47.17 % in 2019）. However, the overall standardized rates of current smoking and current drinking did not reach statistically significance（ P >0.05）.@*Conclusion@#From 2014 to 2019,the prevalence of ever smoking and ever drinking among adolescents in Shanghai over the observed period showed a declining trend by years, but there was no significant change in current smoking and current drinking among adolescents. Specific interventions targeting on smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents need to be strengthened.

Mechanism of volatile oil from Alpinia oxyphylla in treating Alzheimer's disease based on GC-MS and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

To study the material basis and mechanism of volatile oil from Alpinia oxyphylla in treating Alzheimer's disease(AD) based on GC-MS and network pharmacology. Ingredients of volatile oil from A.oxyphylla were analyzed by GC-MS. Targets of those ingredients were obtained through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP). Relevant targets of AD were obtained through such databases as DrugBank, STITCH, OMIM. Intersection targets of ingredients and diseases were obtained by Online Venny map, and PPI network was established by STRING to screen out core targets. Gene ontology(GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by DAVID. The "ingredients-target-pathway" network was constructed by software Cytoscape 3.8.1 to screen out potential active ingredients of volatile oil from A.oxyphylla in the treatment of AD. The results showed that a total of 6 active ingredients were screened from the volatile oil of A.oxyphylla by GC-MS, 17 targets corresponding to 6 active ingredients were found in TCMSP database, and 3 448 AD targets were found in DrugBank database. "Ingredients-target-pathway" network and PPI network showed there were 4 potential active ingredients in the treatment of AD and 4 core targets. GO analysis and KEGG analysis showed 34(P<0.05) and 5(P<0.05) pathways, respectively, including nerve ligand receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, cholinergic synapse and 5-hydroxytryptaminergic synapse. This suggested that volatile oil from A.oxyphylla could synergistically treat AD by regulating calcium balance, cholinergic balance and phosphorylation. This study provided reference and guidance for further study of volatile oil from A.oxyphylla in the treatment of AD.

Research progress on exercise intervention for frail elderly people / 中华老年医学杂志

Frailty is one of the most common clinical geriatric syndromes and has become a hot topic in the geriatric field in recent years.Frailty can confer an increased risk of adverse outcomes such as falls, hospitalization and even death.Therefore, timely diagnosis and intervention of frailty is of great practical significance for improving the health status of the elderly and alleviating the burden on the social and medical service systems.This article reviews mechanisms, types and effects of exercise intervention measures and summarizes research progress on exercise intervention in the elderly with frailty, in order to provide a reference for future research on exercise intervention for frailty.

Analysis of animal models of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on clinical features of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine / 中国中药杂志

This study analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of existing animal models in China and abroad and their goodness of fit based on the clinical characteristics and diagnostic criteria of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and western medicine, followed by the collation and summarization of model evaluation methodologies. The results showed that the existing animal models of stable COPD were mainly modeled via smoke exposure or the combination of multiple methods like smoke exposure plus lipopolysaccharide or protease or bacterial infection. These animal models generally failed to simulate the clinical characteristics of TCM, and their goodness of fit in western medicine was higher than that in TCM. There is a lack of research on the animal models of stable COPD and the disease-syndrome combination models. Although the modeling is guided by the pathogenesis or mechanism of diseased humans, the established models were still not identical with the actual clinical situations. In-depth research is needed to develop quantitative standards for stable COPD models.

miR-199a-5p regulates DDR1 to inhibit proliferation and migration of human glioma cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of miR-199a-5p on the proliferation and migration of human glioma cells. Methods U251 cells were selected as experimental subjects to construct a U251 cell line overexpressing miR-199a-5p. The experiment was divided into; control group (U251 cells without transfection, Control), negative control group (transfected with empty vector plasmid U251 cells, NC) and experimental group (transfected with miR-199a-5p mature mimics, mimics). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-199a-5p in each group; CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation of cells transfected with miR-199a-5p; the cell scratch test and Transwell migration test were used to detect the migration of U251 in each group; Western blot was applied to detect DDR1 expression; a U251 cell line overexpressing DDR1 was constructed to detect the effect of overexpression of DDR1 on the proliferation and migration of U251 cells transfected with miR-199a-5p. Results The level of miR-199a-5p in mimics group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.01), the cell viability was reduced (P < 0.01), and the proliferation ability was weakened (P <0. 01). The expression of DDR1 in miR-199a-5p group cells was significantly reduced (P < 0. 01). Compared with mimincs group, the pcDNA3. 1-DDR1 transfected group could up-regulate DDR1 (P < 0. 01), increase cell viability, and promote cell proliferation (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01). Conclusions miR-199a-5p can down-regulate the expression of DDR1 and inhibit the proliferation and migration of human glioma cells.

SSR-based Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Quality Trait-related Markers of 69 Picria felterrae Germplasm Samples / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::Sixty-nine germplasm samples of Picria felterrae collected from the main producing areas in Guangxi were subject to genetic diversity and genetic relationship analyses using the simple seguence repeat(SSR) molecular marker technology and good germplasm genes associated with the content of picfeltarraenins were screened so as to provide references for germplasm resource evaluation, phylogenetic analysis, and molecular mark assisted breeding of that species. Method::20 pairs of randomly selected primers were amplified based on the transcriptome sequencing technology. The genetic diversity of and genetic relationship between the 69 samples were analyzed using the genetic polymorphic information for each marker locus, and one-variable linear regression and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to screen molecular markers associated with the content of picfeltarraenins. Result::The amplification using the 20 pairs of SSR primers produced 76 alleles, 3.8 alleles for each locus on average, higher than effective alleles (1.969 2), and the rare allele rate was 38.2%, suggesting that the alleles distributed unequally. The polymorphism rates of alleles varied between 0-59%, with an average of 38.24%, showing a great difference among loci. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0-0.621 1, with an average of 0.378 0.Shannon polymorphic information index varied between 0-1.240 1, with an average of 0.759.Nei's gene diversity index (Nei) varied between 0-0.682 3, with an average of 0.440 9.P21 had the highest level accompanied with the lowest P7 for the above three indexes, and significant genetic diversity differences were identified among the loci. For all loci, the mean observed heterozygosity was 0.382 4, lower than the average expected heterozygosity of 0.442 5, suggesting the loss of heterozygosity, the average genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) was 0.365 9 and the average gene flow Nm was 0.433 2, suggesting a high genetic divergence and a low gene flow. The results of one-variable linear regression and multiple stepwise regression showed that there were 5 loci related to each of the picfeltarraenin IA and IB, and only 1 loci was associated with the content of both. Conclusion::There were significant differences in the genetic diversity of 20 SSR marker sites, and the 69 germplasm samples were greatly genetically differentiated and had low gene flow. From the selected 20 SSR markers 9 marker loci associated with the content of picfeltarraenin IA and IB were selected. The results can be used as a reference for phylogenetic analysis and selective breeding of Picria felterrae.

Active loading of verteporfin into cationic liposome for neovasculature- and tumor-targeted photodynamic therapy / 药学学报

To target neovasculature and tumor cells, a novel cationic liposome with verteporfin (BPD) active-loaded in lumen (CLL) was designed and its basic in vitro and in vivo behaviors were evaluated in this study. Calcium acetate gradient loading method was applied to encapsulate BPD actively and cationic lipid (2,3-dioleoy-loxy-propyl)-trimethylammonium (DOTAP) was added by post-insertion for the positive charge of CLL. Results of characterization showed that the diameter and zeta-potential of CLL were around 100 nm and 28 mV, respectively. Compared with passive loading liposomes, CLL significantly enhanced the stability of BPD loading. What's more, the loaded BPD in lumen could switch off the fluorescence and photosensitization during blood circulation by homo-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (homo-FRET) effect, leading to the diminished phototoxicity to normal tissues. In vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity assay exhibited that positive charge dramatically enhanced the uptake of CLL both in vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells leading to superior therapeutic efficacy. In vivo study further showed that CLL reduced the clearance rate and increased tumor accumulation compared with passive loading group. Quantitative results of exvivo organ indicated that negligible CLL distributed in normal organs contributing to low phototoxicity. Animal experiments were conducted according to the Guidelines of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Peking University Health Science Center and International Animal Experiments. In conclusion, we successfully designed a novel cationic targeting liposome that overcame the limitations of passive loading and significantly enhanced the efficacy of photodynamic therapy.

Construction of SNP-STR Multiplex Amplification System with Genetic Markers and Its Forensic Application / 法医学杂志

Objective To select and develop a SNP-STR multiplex amplification system with genetic markers compatible with current STR databases. To understand its genetic polymorphisms in Sichuan Han population and its application value in DNA mixture analysis. Methods Based on the STR genetic markers in commercial kits, SNPs adjacent to these STR markers were selected to be SNP-STR genetic markers. A SNP-STR multiplex amplification system with genetic markers based on allele-specific amplification was constructed using allele-specific amplification primers. The genetic polymorphism of the system in the Sichuan Han population was investigated and the efficiency of systems with different numbers of loci to detect the two individual DNA mixture samples was evaluated. Results An allele-specific multiplex amplification system constituted of 13 SNP-STR genetic markers was selected and constructed. In Sichuan Han population, the heterozygosity of each locus ranged from 0.76 to 0.88, and the combined discrimination power reached 0.999 999 999 999 999 968. In the analysis of the two individual DNA mixture samples： for single-locus amplification, the genotype of the minor components can still be detected when the mixture ratio reaches 1 000∶1; for multiple loci multiplex amplification, the maximum mixture ratio can reach 500∶1. As the number of loci in the system increased, the detection efficiency of the minor components in the DNA mixture decreased. Conclusion SNP-STR genetic markers have a higher polymorphism than STR. The multiplex amplification system made of SNP-STR genetic markers has a better analysis efficiency for mixed samples than traditional STR multiplex amplification system.

Clinical outcomes of ultrasonic subgingival debridement combined with manual root planing in severe periodontitis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effects of ultrasonic subgingival debridement and ultrasonic subgingival debridement combined with manual root planing on severe periodontitis and then to investigate the necessity and significance of manual root planing.@*METHODS@#Twenty-three patients with severe periodontitis participated in this split-mouth randomized-controlled clinical trial. Baseline examination and randomization were performed after supragingival scaling: each of the upper and lower jaws had a quadrant as the test group treated with ultrasonic subgingival debridement combined with manual root planing, whereas the other two quadrants were the control group treated with ultrasonic subgingival debridement. Treatment of each patient was at intervals of one week and completed in two visits. Clinical indicators concerning probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding index (BI) were recorded at baseline and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months after treatment.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference of periodontal indicators between the test group and the control group at baseline. Both the test group and control group resulted in significant improvement of PD, CAL and BI. One and three months after treatment, reduction of PD in the test group was higher than that in the control group [1 month: (2.13±1.31) mm vs. (1.79±1.33) mm, P<0.01; 3 months: (2.46±1.33) mm vs. (2.17±1.38) mm, P<0.01] and reduction of CAL in the test group was higher than that in the control group [1 month: (1.89±2.03) mm vs. (1.65±1.93) mm, P<0.01; 3 months: (2.03±2.05) mm vs. (1.83±1.97) mm, P<0.05]. Six months after treatment, PD in the test group and the control group decreased by (2.52±1.40) mm and (2.35±1.37) mm respectively, and the improvement in the test group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.01). CAL in the test group and the control group decreased by (1.89±2.14) mm and (1.77±2.00) mm respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the groups. There was no significant difference in the changes of BI between the two groups 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Ultrasonic subgingival debridement combined with manual root planing has more reduction in PD and CAL compared with ultrasonic subgingival debridement. Therefore, it is still necessary to use manual instruments for root planing following ultrasonic subgingival debridement.

Optimization and innovation of practice teaching and evaluation model of contact lens course / 中华医学教育探索杂志

At present, the contents and class hours of contact lens course cannot meet the teaching and clinical requirements. Therefore, the curriculum of contact lens on practical operation was optimized, the number of practice hours was increased, and various models for practice course were applied, including problem-based learning, community practice course, and practice enhancement course, to improve students' learning interest and initiative. A variety of evaluation models were used to help teachers understand the performances of their students and make adjustments in the process of teaching and evaluation, so as to improve students' score of practical test, help them better master the practical skills and enter clinical practice without difficulties. The feedback scores of teachers in clinical practice have also been improved compared with the former ones.

Optimization and innovation of practice teaching and evaluation model of contact lens course / 中华医学教育探索杂志

At present, the contents and class hours of contact lens course cannot meet the teaching and clinical requirements. Therefore, the curriculum of contact lens on practical operation was optimized, the number of practice hours was increased, and various models for practice course were applied, including problem-based learning, community practice course, and practice enhancement course, to improve students' learning interest and initiative. A variety of evaluation models were used to help teachers understand the performances of their students and make adjustments in the process of teaching and evaluation, so as to improve students' score of practical test , help them better master the practical skills and enter clinical practice without difficulties. The feedback scores of teachers in clinical practice have also been improved compared with the former ones.

Transcriptomic EST-SSR primer development and genetic diversity analysis of Picria felterrae / 中草药

Objective To explore genetic diversity of and genetic relationships among 18 Picria felterrae populations to provide references for the resource assessment and utilization. Methods The genetic diversity of 18 P. felterrae populations were analyzed using the EST-SSR primer development technology and SSR molecular markers, and cluster analysis was performed based on genetic distances to determine the relationships among those populations. Results A total of 48 pairs of polymorphic primers were selected from 100 pairs of EST-SSR markers, of which 20 pairs were randomly selected and used for amplification of 18 populations. A total of 71 alleles were amplified, 3.55 alleles per primer. Among the primers, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P) varied from 0 to 40.7%, with an average of 19.9%; The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0 to 0.794 1, 0.397 7 on average; The Shannon diversity information index (I) varied from 0 to 1.814 3, with an average of 0.808 4; Obs_Het varied from 0 to 0.442 3, with an average of 0.212 7; And the Exp_Het varied from 0 to 0.826 9, with an average of 0.455 8. For the 18 populations, the Inbreeding Coefficient (Fis) varied from -0.095 3 to 0.663 9, with an average of 0.159 2; The inbreeding coefficient of subgroups (Fit) varied from 0.062 6 to 0.858 7, with an average of 0.537 2; The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) varied from 0 to 0.686, with an average of 0.449 6; The gene flow (Nm) varied from 0.114 4 to 0.759 4, with an average of 0.306 1. For the 18 samples tested, the gene diversity index (Nei) varied from 0 to 0.401 6, the I varied from 0 to 0.620 9, Wuzhou Guangxi having the maximum value and Longtan Yunnan the minimum value. Menglong and Jingha, two towns in Yunnan, had the shortest genetic distance (0.031 9), whereas Longzhou Guangxi and Menghai Yunnan had the maximum genetic distance (0.963 8). The 18 populations could be divided into four groups at the location where genetic distance was 0.321 3. The three populations in Guangxi belonged to the same group, populations from Menglong, Menglun and Mengzhe of Yunnan belonged in the same group, populations from Mengsong Yunnan became an independent group, and the rest belonged in the fourth group. Conclusion The genetic differentiation levels of 18 populations were not consistent, and the heterogeneity difference was significant. The gene flow among populations was small, which indicated that the population gene exchange was low. A certain inbreeding rate exists among the populations. The relationship among populations was influenced by geographical isolation and environmental factors. Key words:

Establishment of a Brown-Norway rat model of cough variant asthma / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To establish a simple animal model of cough variant asthma(CVA)through sensitizing Brown-Norway(BN)rats with ovalbumin(OVA). Methods A total of 36 BN rats were randomly divided into three groups, including the normal control group,the model control group and the montelukast group. BN rats in the model group and the montelukast group were intraperitoneally administered with 2.0 mg of OVA and 100 mg of Al(OH)3,and the same volume of sterile saline was given to the normal group by intraperitoneal injection. Boosting was carried out by intraperitoneal administration with 0.01 mg of OVA and 100 mg of Al(OH)33 weeks later,and the rats in the normal group were injected with the same dose of physiological saline. Three weeks later,the actively sensitized BN rats were challenged with aerosolized OVA for 7 times on alternative days,and the rats in the normal group were treated with sterile saline instead of OVA. At the same time, the montelukast group was given 1.3 mg/kg of montelukast 30 minutes before atomization by intragastric administration once a day for 2 weeks,and the normal group and the model group were given the same volume of water. The tests of cough sensitivity to capsaicin and bronchial responsiveness were performed 24 h after the last administration. Results Compared with the normal group, the times of coughing(P< 0.01)and the lung resistance(RL)(P< 0.05)in the model group were significantly increased,while the lung compliance(Cdyn)was significantly decreased(P< 0.05). There was a significant difference(P < 0.05)in the times of coughing caused by capsaicin between the model group and the montelukast group. Compared with the model group,RLin the montelukast group was decreased significantly(P< 0.05), and Cdynwas increased significantly(P< 0.05). Conclusions This rat model of CVA is similar to a variety of clinical features of CVA and is easy to operate. Thus it can be used as an effective animal model of CVA.

Impacts of particle shape on cellular uptake and tumor imaging application of ultra-pH sensitive micelles / 药学学报

This study was designed to investigate the impacts of particle shape of micelles on cell uptake and tumor imaging applications. We designed and synthesized an ultra-pH sensitive PEG-iPDPA diblock polymer, and prepared it into wormlike micelles and spherical micelles by thin-film dispersion method and modified solvent evaporation method, respectively. Firstly, the pH responsiveness of two kinds of micelles was investigated in vitro. Both forms of micelles responded to pH sensitively, and each of them could reach 100 times of ON/OFF fold after conjugated with BDP fluorescent probe. Moreover, the cellular uptake of two forms of micelles depended on the concentration and incubation time. However, the amount of cellular uptake of spherical micelles was much higher than that of the wormlike micelles, which proved that the shape of nanoparticles had a great influence on the cellular uptake. The results of in vivo imaging revealed that the spherical micelles had a better tumor accumulation as well as tumor imaging outcomes. Finally, the biosafety of micelles was tested by MTT assay and H&E staining, which indicated that none of the two kinds of micelles had obvious toxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that the spherical micelles could be a better carrier compared with wormlike micelles in terms of cellular uptake, tumor accumulation and tumor detection.

Relation of mindfulness to personality traits and psychological distress among oncology nurses / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To examine the potential mediating effect of mindfulness on personality traits and psychological distress.Methods:A total of 172 oncology nurses [mean age(32 ±7) years] in Shandong Province were selected.They were assessed with Big Five Inventory (BFI),Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) for the evaluation of personality traits,mindfulness and psychological distress.Bootstrap was used to test the mediating effect.Results:The mean score of K10 was (22.3 ±6.5) among oncology nurses,and 50.6％ of them had psychological distress problems.The K10 scores were negatively correlated with the scores of extroversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness and MAAS scores (r =-0.29,-0.31,-0.31,-0.48,Ps ＜ 0.01),and the K10 scores were positively correlated with neuroticism scores (r =0.40,P ＜0.01).The confidence interval from Bootstrap output indicated mindfulness played a partial mediating role between neuroticism and psychological distress (95％ CI:0.05-0.28),the value of mediating effect was 27.1％.Conclusion:The relation of mindfulness to personality traits and psychological distress among oncology nurses are intimate.Mindfulness could mediate the relationship between neuroticism and psychological distress.

Mechanism and Applications of Bio-mineralization Induced by Sporosarcina pasteurii and Related Microorganisms / 中国生物工程杂志

As known so far,Sporosarcina pasteurii,or formally termed as Bacillus pasteurii,was considered as one of the most efficient biosystem which is capable of inducing biological mineralization through breaking down urea.Taking advantage of the ‘super power’ of bio-mineralization,Sporosarcina pasteurii has been successfully utilized in application of solidifying sand as a novel biological construction technology,termed as ‘bio-cementation’ Due to the nature of Sporosarcina pasteurii isolated from soil,non-pathogenicity has been observed,it was considered as a very environmentally friendly method.Recently,Sporosarcina pasteurii has been further applied into fields including environmental improvement and biomedicine.However,the mechanism under the strong Sporosarcina pasteurii mediated bio-mineralization is still not well understood.Here,the knowledge and the up-to-date studies about the biological mechanism of Sporosarcina pasteurii mediated bio-mineralization,and the utilization in construction,environment,and biomedicine are reviewed.

Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Effects of Qifangbimin Particle / 中国药师

Objective: To research the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Qifangbimin particle.Methods: The anti-inflammatory effects were observed by the methods of xylene-induced ear-swelling in mice and cotton-ball induced granuloma in rats.The anti-allergic effects were evaluated by the method of passive skin allergy model in rats and ear-heterogeneous passive skin allergy model in mice.Results: In the treatment groups with Qifangbimin particle, the swelling degree of ear edema induced by dimethylbenzene in mice was significantly suppressed when compared with that in the control groups (P<0.01 or 0.05) , however, the particle had no significantly inhibitory effect on granulation tissue hyperplasia induced by cotton-ball in rats.The Qifangbimin particle groups obviously decreased the absorbance value of locus coeruleus on rats' back (P<0.01 or 0.05), and Qifangbimin particle at high dose significantly reduced the absorbance value of locus coeruleus of auricle in mice (P<0.01 or 0.05).Conclusion: Qifangbimin particle has significant anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects.