ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics and spatial-temporal distribution of hepatitis E in Shanghai between 2006 and 2016.Methods The reported incidence of hepatitis E and health facilities' information between 2006 and 2016 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.The geographic information were from Shanghai Surveying and Mapping Institute.The map scale was 1 ∶ 750 000.Global and local autocorrelation,and spatial-temporal detection methods were applied to determine the spatial-temporal characteristics of hepatitis E.Software ArcGIS 10.1 was used to analyze global and local spatial auto correlation of hepatitis E spatial clusters.Software SaTScan 9.4.4 was used to conduct scan for exploring the areas of hepatitis E temporal spatial clusters.Results A total of 6 048 cases of hepatitis E were reported in Shanghai during 2006-2016.The average incidence was 2.14/100 000.Spatial auto correlation analysis indicated that there was significant spatial positive correlations and spatial-temporal clustering of hepatitis E in Shanghai,and the "high-high cluster" was mainly located in the downtown of the city.Conclusion Understanding the spatial-temporal clustering areas of hepatitis E cases in Shanghai from 2006 to 2016 is important to the reasonable allocation of public health resources and effective prevention and control of hepatitis E.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics and spatial-temporal distribution of hepatitis E in Shanghai between 2006 and 2016.Methods The reported incidence of hepatitis E and health facilities' information between 2006 and 2016 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.The geographic information were from Shanghai Surveying and Mapping Institute.The map scale was 1 ∶ 750 000.Global and local autocorrelation,and spatial-temporal detection methods were applied to determine the spatial-temporal characteristics of hepatitis E.Software ArcGIS 10.1 was used to analyze global and local spatial auto correlation of hepatitis E spatial clusters.Software SaTScan 9.4.4 was used to conduct scan for exploring the areas of hepatitis E temporal spatial clusters.Results A total of 6 048 cases of hepatitis E were reported in Shanghai during 2006-2016.The average incidence was 2.14/100 000.Spatial auto correlation analysis indicated that there was significant spatial positive correlations and spatial-temporal clustering of hepatitis E in Shanghai,and the "high-high cluster" was mainly located in the downtown of the city.Conclusion Understanding the spatial-temporal clustering areas of hepatitis E cases in Shanghai from 2006 to 2016 is important to the reasonable allocation of public health resources and effective prevention and control of hepatitis E.
ABSTRACT
Objective To systemically analyze family burden,quality of life of chronic hepatitis B and C patients in Shanghai and related influencing factors.Methods A representative sample of chronic hepatitis patients (n=1 478) and their family members (n=1 478) was randomly selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling from 30 communities in 10 districts of Shanghai.One patient and one family member of each family were interviewed using different questionnaires to collect related information.Based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems,psychological measurement,two-level random intercept model and multivariable structural equation model were applied to determine the effects and directions of the factors between life quality of chronic hepatitis patients and family burden.Results The mean score of quality of life of chronic hepatitis patients in Shanghai was 78.70 ± 13.25,the score of "specific module" was highest and the score of "social function" was lowest.Additionally,the mean score of burden reported by the family members was 12.62 ± 10.74,the score of"financial burden" was highest,and the score of"effect on family member's health" was lowest.Multivariable structural equation model indicated that eight factors were related with life quality and family burden of patients with chronic hepatitis.Among them,HCV infection,elevated serum alanine aminotransferase level,average monthly cost for patient ＞3 000 yuan (RMB) and poor health of family members were the direct risk factors for the life quality of the patients as well as family burden.The factor of drinking more than once a week influenced the patients' life quality directly and family burden indirectly.On the contrary,the factors of local household registration,hospitalization and family member's indifferent attitude to hepatitis B vaccination influenced the family burden of the chronic hepatitis patients directly and the life quality of the patients indirectly.Conclusion The findings could be used in the development of community based management and intervention of chronic hepatitis patients in Shanghai.
ABSTRACT
Objective To systemically analyze family burden,quality of life of chronic hepatitis B and C patients in Shanghai and related influencing factors.Methods A representative sample of chronic hepatitis patients (n=1 478) and their family members (n=1 478) was randomly selected through a multi-stage cluster sampling from 30 communities in 10 districts of Shanghai.One patient and one family member of each family were interviewed using different questionnaires to collect related information.Based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems,psychological measurement,two-level random intercept model and multivariable structural equation model were applied to determine the effects and directions of the factors between life quality of chronic hepatitis patients and family burden.Results The mean score of quality of life of chronic hepatitis patients in Shanghai was 78.70 ± 13.25,the score of "specific module" was highest and the score of "social function" was lowest.Additionally,the mean score of burden reported by the family members was 12.62 ± 10.74,the score of"financial burden" was highest,and the score of"effect on family member's health" was lowest.Multivariable structural equation model indicated that eight factors were related with life quality and family burden of patients with chronic hepatitis.Among them,HCV infection,elevated serum alanine aminotransferase level,average monthly cost for patient ＞3 000 yuan (RMB) and poor health of family members were the direct risk factors for the life quality of the patients as well as family burden.The factor of drinking more than once a week influenced the patients' life quality directly and family burden indirectly.On the contrary,the factors of local household registration,hospitalization and family member's indifferent attitude to hepatitis B vaccination influenced the family burden of the chronic hepatitis patients directly and the life quality of the patients indirectly.Conclusion The findings could be used in the development of community based management and intervention of chronic hepatitis patients in Shanghai.