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Objective To observe the effects of Levo-tetrahydropalmatine(l-THP)on the expression,regression and relapse of conditioned place preference(CPP)in ketamine induced rats,and to detect the content of dopamine(DA)in the striatum(caudate putamen,CPu)of the rat brain at different time points.Methods Ketamine addiction rat model was established by CPP.The effects of l-THP on the expression,regression and relapse of ketamine induced rat CPP were investigated using CPP score as the index.The content of DA in CPu of rats was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)after ketamine administration and l-THP intervention at 30 min,60 min,90 min,120 min and 150 min.Results It indicated that 1-THP could decrease the expression of CPP in ketamine induced rats,promote the process of CPP resolution and inhibit the process of relapse.In addition,l-THP combined with ketamine administration significantly inhibited the ketamine-induced increase in DA content in the CPu of the rats.Conclusion The mechanism of l-THP inhibiting the reward effect of ketamine may be related to blocking DA receptors and reducing the release of DA neurotransmitters.l-THP has potential implications for the treatment of ketamine addiction.
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Damp-heat syndrome is one of the common syndromes of various clinical diseases.Current studies have shown that intestinal flora is closely related to damp-heat syndrome,but the specific molecular biological mechanism related to intestinal flora and damp-heat syndrome is not yet clear.In this paper,the molecular biological mechanism of damp-heat syndrome is discussed from the perspective of intestinal flora related signaling pathways,so as to provide ideas for the essence of damp-heat syndrome and clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Background Because of high working intensity, high responsibility, and unexpected situations, health care workers may suffer great work pressure, which may lead to health damage. Objective To explore the self-rated health status and its influencing factors such as demographic and occupational-related factors of medical staff in Lanzhou. Methods In-service medical staff were selected by using cluster random sampling method from 18 public hospitals in Lanzhou City and were investigated with a self-made questionnaire and the Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS). SRHMS includes 48 items in 10 dimensions, which are divided into three sub-scales of physical health, mental health, and social health, and another independent dimension is overall health. The scores were converted into a percentage scale and expressed as the percentage of measured score to full score; a higher score indicated better health, and >70% was considered good health status. t test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the scores of SRHMS and the demographic and occupational-related factors affecting the scores of physical, mental, and social health sub-scales. Results A total of 2989 valid questionnaires were recovered. There were statistically significant differences in total score and the scores of physical, mental, and social health among medical staff of different age, educational background, length of service, and weekly working hours groups (P < 0.05). The percentage of total score to full score in the medical staff was 71.41%, but the scores of physical, mental, and social health sub-scales and total scale of selected participants were all lower than the corresponding domestic norms (t=−3.323, −12.283, −7.157, −9.659, P < 0.05); the percentage of psychological symptoms and negative emotions in mental health scale to full score was the lowest, only 58.39%. Educational background, length of service, and weekly working hours were negatively correlated with physical health score (r=−0.061, −0.060, −0.165, P < 0.05); professional title was positively correlated with mental health score (r=0.045, P < 0.05), while educational background and weekly working hours were negatively correlated with it (r=−0.051, −0.172, P < 0.05). Monthly income, professional title, and length of service were positively correlated with social health score (r=0.040, 0.049, 0.071, P < 0.05), while educational background and weekly working hours were negatively correlated with it (r=−0.038, −0.110, P < 0.05). Conclusion The self-rated health status of selected medical staff in Lanzhou is generally good, but lower than that of the norm, especially the mental health score is the lowest. The self-rated health score of total scale is correlated with education, length of service, professional title, and working time per week.
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Objective To understand preliminaryly the epidemiological trend of lung cancer in recent years by retrospective analysis of 2 403 cases of lung cancer in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 2013 to 2017.Methods The clinical data of patients with primary bronchogenic cancer diagnosed in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 2013 to 2017 were collected.The clinical data such as gender,age,history of tobacco and alcohol,operation,pathological type,clinical stage and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 2 403 cases of lung cancer were collected,including 1 766 males and 637 females.There was no significant difference in gender ratio between male and female in five years (x2 =8.481,P =0.075).There were 2 398 cases with age information,the male-to-female ratios of lung cancer patients aged less than 40,40-49,50-59,60-69,70-79,80 and over were 0.9 ∶ 1.0,1.4 ∶ 1.0,2.4 ∶ 1.0,3.6 ∶ 1.0,3.4 ∶ 1.0 and 3.3 ∶ 1.0 respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =59.004,P ＜ 0.001).The composition difference of adenocarcinoma was not statistically significant in five years (x2 =2.165,P =0.705).There was no statistically significant difference in the composition ratio of squamous cell carcinoma (x2 =4.788,P =0.310).Adenocarcinoma accounted for 43.15％ (762/1 766) and 81.95％ (522/637) of the pathological types of male and female patients respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 39.01％ (689/1 766) and 7.28％ (47/637) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).The proportion of squamous cell carcinoma in smoking patients was 42.99％ (583/1 356),which was significantly higher than that in non-smoking patients (14.61％,153/1 047);the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma in drinking patients was 40.56％ (277/683),which was higher than that in nondrinking patients (26.69％,459/1 720),and the differences were statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.001).A total of 1 252 patients underwent surgery,accounting for 52.10％ (1 252/2 403) of the total cases.The surgical rate of small cell carcinoma was 21.72％ (48/221),and that of non-small cell carcinoma was 55.18％ (1 204/2 182).In five years,the surgical rates of lung cancer patients were 55.11％ (221/401),51.53％ (252/489),58.23％ (244/419),53.18％ (276/519) and 45.04％ (259/575) respectively,and there was significant difference in the proportion of surgical and non-surgical patients in each year (x2 =19.553,P =0.001).A total of 483 patients were tested for E GFR mutation,the EGFR mutation rate was 58.8％ (251/ 427) in adenocarcinoma patients and 15.6％ (5/32) in squamous cell carcinoma patients.Among lung cancer patients aged less than 40,40-49,50-59,60-69,70-79,80 and over,the proportions of adenocarcinoma were 76.74％ (33/43),62.39％ (136/218),57.73％ (381/660),47.95％ (455/949),52.22％ (235/450) and 52.56％ (41/78) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =33.078,P ＜ 0.001);the proportions of squamous cell carcinoma were 9.30％ (4/43),21.56％ (47/218),28.03 ％ (185/660),34.14％ (324/949),32.44％ (146/450) and 35.90％ (28/78) respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =26.977,P ＜ 0.001).The difference of composition ratio of TNM staging was statistically significant in five years (x2 =21.003,P =0.034).Conclusion There has been no significant change of male-to-female ratio in patients with lung cancer in the past five years.With the increase of age,the male-to-female ratio increases first and then decreases.The proportion of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma has not increased or decreased significantly in the past five years.Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are both common in male lung cancer patients,while the pathological type of female patients is mainly adenocarcinoma.Squamous cell carcinoma is highly prevalent in smokers and drinkers.The surgical rate of squamous cell carcinoma is higher than that of adenocarcinoma,and the surgical rate of non-small cell lung cancer is higher than that of small cell lung cancer.The EGFR mutation rate is higher in adenocarcinoma.With the increase of age,the proportion of adenocarcinoma in all pathological types tends to decrease,while that of squamous cell carcinoma tends to increase.The patients' TNM staging has a downward trend,and the operation rate decreases slightly.
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Objective To investigate the role of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in indeterminate solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) diagnosis and to compare with conventional diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Methods From March 2016 to Dec 2017, forty-three consecutive patients (30 male, 13 female, age: 56 ± 11 years) with indeterminate SPNs were included. All patients underwent axial multi-b factor DWI (with b values=0, 50, 200, 400, 800, 1400, 2000 s/mm2) examination and were divided into benign group (19 cases) and malignant group (24 cases) according to pathological results of SPN. ADC Kurtosis (K) and Diffusivity (Dk) values were compared between malignant and benign group and among different subtypes of lung cancer using independent t test (normal distribution and homogeneity of variance) and Mann-Whitney U test (skewed distribution or variance). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Results K values were significantly higher for malignant SPNs than for benign SPNs (0.839 ± 0.197 vs. 0.718 ± 0.120;t=2.359, P=0.023). ADC values were found to be significantly higher in benignity than malignant SPNs [(1.605 ± 0.422) × 10-3mm2/s vs. (1.278 ± 0.210) × 10-3mm2/s; t=-3.089, P=0.005). No difference was observed in Dk between the two groups (P=0.922). All parameters cannot differentiate subtypes of lung cancer. The ADC value had higher AUC (area under ROC curve) than that of K value. The sensitivity (70.8％) and accuracy (72.1％) of ADC value was higher than K value, the specificity of both methods was equal. Conclusion DKI is a feasible non-invasive tool which has comparable capability of conventional DWI in SPNs differentiation, although with lower sensitivity and accuracy. DKI can provide additional information for SPNs characterization and has a potential to be a robust way in SPNs interpretation.
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Objective To evaluate the palatal rugae individual-specific properties and stability before and after orthodontic treatments for investigating the reliability of palatal rugae for individual identification of forensic dentistry based on the palatal rugae model ananlysis. Methods Maxillary models of 70 patients were obtained before and after orthodontic treatments respectively. Palatal rugae morphologic changes and individual identification were examined by model analysis including changes in number, orientation, shape, and length of palatal rugae, as well as mesial and distal endpoint displacement in the anterioposterior(AP) and mesiodistal (MD) direction. Furthermore, The examination of palatal rugae average match accuracy(%) was performed between the pre-treatment and post-treatment orthodontics models and post-treatment and duplicated post-treatment orthodontics models. Results ① The palatal rugae morphological changes were found and the incidence of palatal rugae changes were showed in length(28.6%), segmenta-tion(4.3%); unification(2.9%); orientation(1.4%) and shape(1.4%) after orthodontic treatment. Also the displacement of the distal endpoint of palatal rugae was 45.7% for anterioposterior indirection, 40% for mesiodistal indirection after orthodontic treatment, while the anterioposterior displacement of the mesial endpoint of palatal rugae was 32.9% and mesiodistal displacement was 17.1%. ② The identical palatal rugae patterns were not found both the pre-treatment and post-treatment groups. ③ The palatal rugae average match accuracy was 92.19% between pre-treatment and post-treatment groups, however, the rate had increased by 99.05% when matching the palatal rugae patterns of post-treatment groups to their duplicates. Conclusion Palatal rugae patterns have the high specific properties to each indivi-dual. Although there are some changes in morphology of palatal rugae after orthodontic treatment, it still can be used as a novel method for individual identification in forensic dentistry.
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Objective To analyze the morphological matching rate with a digital image recognition system in pre-and post-orthodontic treatments,and to provide forensic dentistry evidence for individual identification.Methods High-resolution digital images of the palatal rugae were taken under particular conditions from each patient in pre-and post-orthodontic treatments.Features of each digital image were extracted using a digital image recognition system and collected in the palatal rugae database.Data of the palatal rugae werematched by MATLAB software system.Results From the matching results,the accuracy rate of individual identification of orthodontic patients was 100％.The accuracy rate in matching palatal rugae patterns in pre-and post-orthodontic treatments was 95.67％.The results were statistically significant with P＜0.05.Conclusion Palatal rugae pattern is highly individual-specific.The morphologyofpalatal rugaecould bechangedby theorthodontic treatment,however,these changes may not greatly influence individual identification in forensic dentistry,providing a new potential to individual identification.
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Objective:To explore the predictive value of serum thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb) for recurrence / metastasisin of thyroglobulin (TG)-negative and TgAb-positive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC) after thyroid ablation.Methods:The clinical data of 57 patients with DTC,undergoing complete resection of thyroid tissue,TG negative and TgAb positive,who were reviewed in Liaocheng People's Hospital during April 2013 to April 2015,were selected and divided into recurrence/metastasis group (n=20) and no recurrence/metastasis group (n=37).The TG and TgAb levels in the two groups were detected and compared by the electrochemical luminescence method,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TgAb in the diagnosis of DTC recurrence / metastasis were analyzed;the independent risk factors of DTC recurrence / metastasis were analyzed by Logistic regression.Results:The TgAb levels(72～3850 IU/mL) in the recurrence/metastasis group was higher than that(18～3638 IU/mL) in the no recurrence/metastasis group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative preictive value of TgAb in the diagnosis of recurrence/metastasis of DTC were 85.71％,83.33％,75.00％,90.91％,respectively.Logistic Regression analysis showed that the 100≤ TgAb ＜204 IU/mL,204≤ TgAb≤ 1000IU/mL,and ＞ 1000IU/rnL levels of TgAb were the independent risk factors of rucurrence/metastasis ofDTC (OR=1.267,2.853,6.791,P＜0.05).Conclusion:TgAb can be used as evaluation of an important index of the recurrence/metastasis of patients with DTC when serum thyroglobulin (TG) was negative and TgAb was positive after thyroid ablation.The higher the TgAb levels,the more probability of the recurrence/metastasis.
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To observe the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the metabolism of intestinal fluid and cyclic AMP protein kinase A signaling pathway (cAMP-PKA) and water channel protein 3 (AQP3) in rats with constipation, and to explore the mechanism of VIP in the treatment of constipation. Methods: A total of 45 healthy adult rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a model +VIP group. After 4 weeks of VIP treatment, the first black stool time were examined with the ink gastric method; the water content in feces was calculated; the morphological changes in colonic tissues were observed by HE staining. The expression of VIP and AQP3 protein levels in colon tissues were detected by Western blot; and the cAMP, PKA, AQP3 mRNA expression levels were detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: Compared with the control group, the first black stool time was prolonged, the water content of fecal decreased significantly (both P<0.01); part of the colon mucosa epithelial cells were destructed; the goblet cell volume decreased and quantity was reduced; the contents of AQP3 and VIP in colon tissues were significantly decreased, and the cAMP, PKA and AQP3 mRNA levels were decreased in the model group (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the first black stool time in the model +VIP group was shortened, the fecal water content increased significantly (both P<0.05); the mucosal epithelium integrity improved, the number of goblet cells increased; the content of AQP3 and VIP in colon tissues was increased, and the cAMP, PKA, and AQP3 mRNA levels were elevated (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Intravenous injection of VIP can regulate intestinal fluid metabolism and improve the symptoms of constipation in rats, which might be related to the regulation of VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway.
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Animals , Rats , Aquaporin 3 , Physiology , Aquaporins , Blotting, Western , Colon , Chemistry , Pathology , Constipation , Therapeutics , Cyclic AMP , Physiology , Defecation , Epithelial Cells , Pathology , Feces , Chemistry , Goblet Cells , Pathology , Intestinal Mucosa , Metabolism , Pathology , RNA, Messenger , Signal Transduction , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide , Physiology , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Objective To establish a digital system for forensic identiifcation of the palatal rugae and evaluate its application effects. Methods High-resolution digital images of the palatal rugae were harvested under the standard condition and processed including data collection, noise reduction, contrast enhancement, image segmentation, feature extraction, edge detection, and information matching. Apply an MATLAB software system to develop a digital system for forensic identiifcation of the palatal rugae ,and its application effects were evaluated. Results A digital system for forensic identification of the palatal rugae was successfully established. The digital system had an accuracy rate of 100%. Conclusion Establishing a digital system for forensic identiifcation of the palatal rugae provides a novel method for forensic identiifcation.
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In the current study, the effects of ethanol [EtOH] on toxicokinetics of methamphetamine [MA] and its metabolite amphetamine [AP] were investigated. A single dose of MA hydrochloride at 15 mg/Kg was given intragastrically, either alone [MA group; n = 8] or in conjunction with 3 g/Kg EtOH [MA+EtOH group; n = 8] to rabbits. In placebo group, normal saline only was given [placebo group; n = 4]. Plasma and urine samples were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [GC/MS] for MA and AP. Toxicokinetic parameters of MA and AP were determined using WinNonlin. Our results showed that toxicokinetic profiles of MA and AP in the two experimental groups were both fitted to an open two-compartment model with first-order kinetics. These were not affected by co-administration of EtOH. However, concomitant intake of EtOH significantly increased MA plasma absorption constant [Ka] and maximum concentration [Cmax]. The Ka of MA was increased from 0.679/h +/- 0.023/h to 0.964/h +/- 0.033/h [P < 0.05, the mean Cmax from 1.408 mg/L +/- 0.072 mg/L to 1.676 mg/L +/- 0.135 mg/L [P < 0.05], whereas the Tmax was significantly decreased from 1.620 h +/- 0.062 h to 1.259h +/- 0.033h [P < 0.05]. In contrast, no significant difference was observed on MA elimination. Furthermore, the plasma AP area under the curve [AUC0-30 h] increased from 5.281 mg/h/L +/- 0.264 mg/h/L to.13.052 mg/h/L +/- 0.956 mg/h/L and Cmax increased from 0.315 mg/L +/- 0.010 mg/L to 0.423 mg/L +/- 0.042 mg/L [P < 0.01]. Taken together, co-administration of EtOH with MA significantly accelerated MA absorption and subsequent metabolism to AP, but did not have significant effect on MA elimination
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Objective To investigate the influence of ethanol on the toxicokinetic profiles of ketamine and its main metabolite norketamine in rabbits.Methods Ketamine hydroehloride Wills administered orally to the rabbits at a dose of 15mg/kg in the ketamine-treated group.Ketamine hydrochloride combined with ethanol at a dose of 15 mg/kg and 3.0g/kg respectively was administered orally to those of the ethanol-coadministration group.The serum and urine samples were collected before administration and at different time points after drug delivery.The concentrations of ketamine and norketamine were determined by GC and GC/MS.Compartment model and toxicokinetics parameters were assessed by WinNorLin program.Results The mean serum concentration-time profile of ketamine after oral administration was fitted to a two-compartment open model with first order kinetics and not affected by ethanol.The K_(10),AUC and β of ketamine in rabbits of ethanol-coadministration group increased as compared with those of ketamine-treated rabbits,while T_(1/2K_(10)),T_(1/2β),A and C_(max)decreased(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,the K01,A,B and C_(max) of norketamine,the metabolite of ketamine increased in ethanol-coadministration group and T_(1/2K01) and Tmax were lowered than those in ketaminetreated group(P＜0.05).Difference of the other toxicokinetics parameters including V/F,K_(10),K_(12),K_(21),AUC,T_(1/2K_(10)),T_(1/2α),T_(1/2β) and β were not statistically significant between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ethanol may accelerate elimination of ketamine and the metabolism of ketamine to norketamine and has little effect on the absorption of ketamine,suggesting that interaction between ethanol and ketamine should be considered in cases of co-abuse of the two drugs.
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Objective To study the correlation with ketamine and its metabolite norketamine concentration in plasma and saliva in acute toxic rabbits.Methods Experimental rabbits were given intragastric(i.g.group,n=6)and intravenous(i.v.group,n=6)administration of ketamine respectively,and control tabbits(n=6)were given a same volume of physiologic saline.The plasma and saliva were collected before and after ketamine administration.Ketamine and norketamine in plasma and saliva were determined using GC/MS and GC.The correlation with ketamine(norketamine)concentration in plasma and saliva were artalyzed by a double variable Pearson correlation analysis.Results The correlation coefficients(r)of ketamine (norketamine)concentrations in plasma and saliva were from 0.80 to 0.95 in ketamine i.g.group and i. v.group.Conclusion There is a good relativity between the concentration of ketamine(norketamine)in plasma and in saliva.The ketamine(norketamine)concentration in saliva can be used to estimate the plasma concentration in the forensic identification of ketamine abuse.
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Objective To explore the imaging features of breast cancer by molybdenum target roentgenography in order to improve the diagnostic level. Methods The mammographic features of 68 cases with breast cancer confirmed surgically and pathologically were studied retrospectively. Results Masses with high density, spicule signs and lobulate margins were found in 61, 43 and 32 cases, respectively. Calcification was found in 29 cases (42 6%), in which only 7 cases of calcification without mass were found. Conclusion The masses and calcification are the main radiological features in breast cancer. The consciousness of comprehensive examination should be emphasized in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
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The pharmacokinetics of morphine in rats was studied after treatment with morphine, as well as morphine and lofexidine. The results showed that in lofexidine group the T 1/2ka and CL of morphine was significantly increased, while the C max ,AUC and T 1/2k of morphine were significantly decreased. Our results indicate that the lofcxidine can reduce the absorption rate of the morphine and the concentration of morphine in blood, and then can increase the total clearance rate of morphine in rats.