Research and application progress of implementing virtual and augmented reality technology in Medical Imaging education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Advances in virtual and augmented reality technology have shown its potential for medical education and clinical application. The purpose of this review is to summarize how medical colleges and universities have explored in virtual and augmented reality technology for Medical Imaging in China and other countries. Applications of virtual and augmented reality technology for diagnostic radiology education can enrich the teaching contents, expand the space and time of teaching, and help students in analysis and diagnosis. In interventional radiology education, students can experience the medical environment which is close to the real one, simulate the surgical process, optimize the teaching resources and improve the teaching quality. With the comprehensive utilization of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and new computer technologies, virtual and augmented reality technology will bring a new revolution to future medical education.

Bio-Conjugated Polycaprolactone Membranes: A Novel Wound Dressing

BACKGROUND: The combination of polycaprolactone and hyaluronic acid creates an ideal environment for wound healing. Hyaluronic acid maintains a moist wound environment and accelerates the in-growth of granulation tissue. Polycaprolactone has excellent mechanical strength, limits inflammation and is biocompatible. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of bio-conjugated polycaprolactone membranes (BPM) as a wound dressing. METHODS: 16 New Zealand white rabbits were sedated and local anaesthesia was administered. Two 3.0x3.0 cm full-thickness wounds were created on the dorsum of each rabbit, between the lowest rib and the pelvic bone. The wounds were dressed with either BPM (n=12) or Mepitel (n=12) (control), a polyamide-silicon wound dressing. These were evaluated macroscopically on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th postoperative days for granulation, re-epithelialization, infection, and wound size, and histologically for epidermal and dermal regeneration. RESULTS: Both groups showed a comparable extent of granulation and re-epithelialization. No signs of infection were observed. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in wound size between the two groups. BPM (n=6): 8.33 cm2, 4.90 cm2, 3.12 cm2, 1.84 cm2; Mepitel (n=6): 10.29 cm2, 5.53 cm2, 3.63 cm2, 2.02 cm2; at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th postoperative days. The extents of epidermal and dermal regeneration were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: BPM is comparable to Mepitel as a safe and efficacious wound dressing.

Present situation of congenital defects in five counties (cities) of Gansu province in 2009-2010 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the situation of congenital defects' in five counties/cities in Gansu province so as to provide scientific evidence for the development of effective interventions.Methods General imformaton was collected on all the neonates who were born in Dunhuang city,Jingchuan county,Hui county,Weiyuan county and Yongjing county in Gansu province between Oct.1st,2009 to Sep.304th,2010,with all of their gestational age above 28 weeks.Neonates would include live birth,dead fetus and still birth.Results The overall incidence of congenital defects was 7.49‰ in the five counties/cities in Gansu province in 2009.Ranking order in the top three showed as congenital heart disease,pigmented nevus and limb deformity.Disease with the highest mortality was congenital heart disease (0.79‰).The incidence of congenital defects was 8.35‰ in 2010 with the ranking order of the top three as congenital heart disease,neural tube defects/pigmented nevus and hydrocephalus.Diseases having the highest mortality was congenital heart disease (1.10‰o).Different incidence rates on congenital defects were seen in realted areas,with the highest incidence as 14.65‰ in Dunhuang city.Hui county had the lowest incidence—3.28‰.Conclusion Different incidence of congenital defects were seen in respective areas in Gansu province,with the change of ranking orders.Different strategies should be developed differently depending on the current states of congenital defects in respective areas,according to the three-grade prevention model,to reduce the occurrence of congenital defects.

Induction of hepatic specification of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) in vitro / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To induce hepatic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>hADSCs were isolated from human adipose tissue and treated with improved hepatic medium containing HGF, bFGF and FGF4. After 7 days of culture, OSM was added to the culture media. Cell growth during hepatic differentiation was evaluated by CCK8 assay. Morphology of differentiation was examined under light microscope. Liver specific genes and proteins were detected by RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. And functional characteristics of hepatocytes were also examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of hADSCs cultured in the improved hepatic media was increased significantly in comparison to hADSCs cultured in control media from 5 days to 21 days (t=6.59, 8.69, 15.94 and 24.64, respectively, P<0.05). The hADSCs-derived hepatocyte-like cells exhibited hepatocyte morphology, expressed hepatocyte markers, possessed hepatocyte-specific activities, such as uptake and excretion of indocyanine green, glycogen storage and albumin production.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>hADSCs can be induced into hepatocyte-like cells in this differentiation system. And this differentiation system promoted the growth of hADSCs.</p>

Lyophilization for platelet preservation / 中国实验血液学杂志

To explore a new lyophilized preservation methods for human platelets, platelets were pre-treated with aldehyde, human albumin or trehalose was added to the system of condensed cooling as protectant to stabilize the structure of platelets. The optimal resuspending buffer was also selected in the study. The morphological changes of platelets were observed by using electron microscopy after lyophilization, and the expression of membrane proteins on platelets was detected also after lyophilization. The results indicated that the recovery rate of platelets treated with aldehyde was generally more than 60%. Aggregative ability was reduced a little than the platelet untreated. 5% of human albumin had an advantage over 40 mmol/L of trehalose in respect of the preservation effect. In the way of keeping aggregative ability, PPP was obviously better than PBS. The results of electron microscopy displayed that organelles including mitochondria and excreted granules could be observed distinctly. Whereas, expression of membrane proteins of platelet treated with aldehyde was evidently dropped as compared with those of the fresh platelet. In conclusion, aldehyde as a novel protective agent, has excellent effects on lyophilization of platelets and is worthy to be further studied.

Platelet activation through signal transduction--review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Platelet is activated through signal transduction, that mainly includes phospholipase-beta (PLCbeta) pathway, protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) pathway, phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (PI3-K) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway, cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) pathway and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) pathway. This article focuses on the relationship between signal transduction and platelet activation.

The effect of HJ-1 NO--HFJV respirator on treating pulmonary edema caused by seawater drowning / 生物医学工程学杂志

The study was to observe the therapeutic effect of HJ-1 NO--HFJV respirator on treating pulmonary edema caused by seawater drowning. Seawater was infused into the rabbit's lung to establish the animal model of pulmonary edema caused by seawater drowning(PE-SWD). Then the animals were divided into three groups: simple PE-SWD model as control group, treat group(animal model treated with HFJV respirator and four medicines) and HFJV respiratior plus NO group. Pao2, Sao2 and pH were measured by the blood-gas analyzer. The survival time and seawater drowing-respiratiory distress syndrom(SW-RDS) were observed. The results showed that Pao2, Sao2 in NO group were remarkably higher than that of PE-SWD control group, and the survival time was longer than that of medicine treated group and the incidence of SW-RDS decreased to zero. We assume that HJ-1 NO-HFJV respirator is efficient on treating pulmonary edema.

Digital Subtraction Angiography of Meningioma and Preoperative Embolotherapy / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the features of digital subtraction angiography(DSA) of meningioma and the application of therapy in preoperative embolization.Methods DSA in 36 cases with meningioma proved pathologically was performed.Of them,22 cases which the blood supply of tumor was mostly by external carotid artery were undergone external carotid artery embolization and surgical incision 3~10 days after embolization.Results Among 36 cases,the blood supply of tumor was only from external carotid artery in 9 cases,both of external and internal carotid artery supply in 25,and only internal carotid artery in 2.Among 22 cases undergone embolization of supplying artery the tumor stain absolutely disappeared in 16,evidently decreased in 6.22 cases undergone surgical incision after embolization,the tumors were wholly resected,average bleeding 150~500 ml during surgery.Conclusion The blood supply of meningioma can be only by external or internal carotid artery,or both.Preoperative cerebral angiographies and embolization are beneficial for the total resection of meningioma and reduction of bleeding during surery.