ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo observe the effects of the kidney-tonifying and blood-activating prescription on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and uterine spiral artery remodeling in a mouse model of recurrent miscarriage and to explore its underlying mechanism. MethodA mouse model of normal pregnancy was established by mating CBA/J mice with BALB/c mice. A mouse model of recurrent miscarriage was established by mating CBA/J mice with DBA/2 mice. The modeled mice of recurrent miscarriage were randomized into model， dydrogesterone， and low- and high-dose Chinese medicine groups. The mice in normal pregnancy were used as the control group. Each group consisted of 10 mice， and the drug administration lasted for 14 days. After the treatment， the embryo absorption rate of each group was recorded. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was employed to observe the pathological morphology of the uterine decidua， and the physiological transformation rate of spiral arteries （SPA） was evaluated. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were performed to determine the mRNA and protein levels， respectively， of matrix metalloproteinases （MMP）-2， MMP-9， vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group presented increased embryo absorption rate （P<0.05）， decreased physiological transformation rate of uterine SPA （P<0.05）， cellular swelling， degeneration， and disordered arrangement in the uterine decidua tissue， and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of key factors involved in SPA remodeling （MMP-2， MMP-9， VEGF） and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway （Wnt2， β-catenin， Cyclin D1， c-Myc） （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， both the low- and high-dose Chinese medicine reduced embryo absorption rate （P<0.05）， increased SPA physiological transformation rate （P<0.05）， improved uterine decidua tissue morphology， and increased decidua vessel count. Furthermore， they up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2， MMP-9， VEGF， and proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway （P<0.05）. ConclusionRecurrent miscarriage is associated with impaired uterine spiral artery remodeling. The kidney-tonifying and blood-activating prescription can promote uterine spiral artery remodeling by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promoting the expression of VEGF， MMP-2， and MMP-9， thus treating recurrent miscarriage.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing vascular abnormality in oral and maxillofacial region.Methods: The method of retrospective study was used.The data from the patients who underwent FNAC from 2011 to 2014 in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology were collected.All the included patients were divided into surgery group and non-surgery group.The patients in surgery group underwent lesion resection and the postoperative pathological results were gained.The patients in non-surgery group underwent periodical sclerotherapy.The accuracy of FNAC was identified by histopathologic diagnosis in surgery group and the effect of sclerotherapy in non-surgery group.Results: In this study, 93 patients were involved, including 51 males and 42 females.The median age was 2.5 years.Among them, 67 cases were judged as vascular abnormality by FNAC, and 63 cases were in consistent with final diagnosis and 4 cases were not.Among the other 26 cases which were diagnosed as other diseases by FNAC, 5 cases were accorded with final diagnosis.Therefore, the sensitivity of FNAC on diagnosis of vascular abnormity was 93% and its specificity was 84%.Among them, there were 29 cases in the surgery group and 64 cases in the non-surgery group.FNAC results were in consistent with the postoperative pathological results in 20 cases in surgery group (69%), and not consistent with pathological results in 9 cases.The pathological diagnoses included vascular malformations (3 cases), neurofibromas (2 cases), hamartoma (1 case), sebaceous cyst (1 case), adenolymphoma (1 case), and descriptive diagnosis (1 case).In non-surgery group, FNAC results were in consistent with the clinical effect of sclerotherapy in 61 cases (95%).There were 3 misdiagnosed cases.The coincident rate between the result of FNAC and that of pathological or clinical diagnosis was 86%.Conclusion: FNAC is a feasible and minimal invasive method to diagnose vascular abnormality in oral and maxillofacial region.