ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study the extraction and enrichment technology of chrysosplenides A （CA） and I （CI） in Tibetan medicine Chrysosplenium axillare. METHODS HPLC method was used to determine the contents of CA and CI. The orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the extraction technology of CA and CI in C. axillare using total transfer rate of CA and CI as evaluation indexes， with volume fraction of ethanol， extraction temperature， extraction times and solid-liquid ratio as factors. The validation test was also performed. The enrichment technology of CA and CI in C. axillare was optimized using D101 macroporous adsorption resin as adsorbent， total contents of CA and CI as evaluation indexes， with the volume fraction and dosage of eluent for impurities and target components. The validation test was also performed. RESULTS The optimum extraction conditions of CA and CI from C. axillare were as follows： the medicinal powder of C. axillare was extracted by ultrasound at room temperature for 45 min at one time with 8 times of 50% ethanol. Results of validation tests showed that total transfer rate of CA and CI in C. axillare was 95.43% in average （RSD＝1.02%， n＝3）. The optimal enrichment technology was as follows： the sample solution was added into D101 macroporous adsorption resin column and stood for 1 hour； the impurities were eluted with 20% ethanol 4 BV （column volume）， and CA and CI were eluted with 50% ethanol 4 BV. The results of validation tests showed that total content of CA and CI was 322.7 mg/g in average （RSD＝1.05%， n＝3）， with average enrichment multiple of 11.61 times. CONCLUSIONS The study has successfully optimized the extraction and enrichment technology of CA and CI from C. axillare， and can provide reference for the development and utilization of CA and CI.
ABSTRACT
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the current treatment of breast cancer, which can greatly reduce the local recurrence rate of breast cancer patients. In recent years, many clinical trials on the radiotherapy of breast cancer have shown that the benefits of radiotherapy are different in breast cancer patients with different molecular typing, lymph node metastasis, surgical resection methods, and so on. Therefore, in the era of precision medicine, the radiotherapy of breast cancer needs to be based on the clinical treatment guidelines and clinical evidence, and in combined with the actual situation. The precise radiotherapy should be carried out according to the assessment results of individual recurrence risk, so as to maximize the benefit of patients through reducing the recurrence rate and avoiding excessive treatment. In this paper, the current research progress in the post-operative radiotherapy based on the molecular classification of breast cancer, lymph node metastasis and surgical resection methods is summarized, in order to provide the clinical basis of postoperative precise radiotherapy for breast cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective The study aimed to analyze the clinical data of patients with pulmonary embolism and summarize the clinical characteristics of pulmonary embolism,in order to improve the correct diagnostic rate and the prognosis. Methods Data of 178 patients who were cured in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,including relative risk factors,clinical behaviors,examination data,misdiagnosis and prognosis. Results Patients with pulmonary embolism had related basic diseases and risk factors. Their clinical symptoms,signs and ordinary detection methods indicated pneumatorexis and cardiovascular injury,but lacked of specificity. The misdiagnosis rate of the first diagnosis was 48.88%,including 22 cases of the misdiagnosis to COPD, 18 cases to pneumonia and 16 cases to coronary heart disease. The misdiagnosis rate of elderly patients was 56.36%, while that of the young and middle-aged patients was 36.80%,the difference was statistically significant,P 0.05). Conclusion Although the related risk factors of pulmonary embolism in patients existed,the misdiagnosed rate of the disease was high and prognosis was poor due to many confusing basic diseases. And the symptoms,signs and ordinary inspection of the patients lacked specificity. CTPA,being utilized to diagnose pulmonary embolism reliably,should be promoted.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the relationship between CCDC8 gene and breast cancer.Methods 40 cancerous breast tissue and 22 benign breast tissue were included.qRT-PCR was performed to investigate the expression level of CCDC8 in breast tissue.The correlation between CCDC8 level and the age of patients,tumor size,clinical staging,and the expression levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors,CerbB2,Ki-67,p53 and nm23 were analyzed.Results The expression level of CCDC8 in benign breast tissue (1685±755) was significantly higher than that in cancerous tissues (502.1 ±223.2).Tissues obtained from patients over age 50 showed an increased level of CCDC8 (789.8±367) in comparison to those from patients age 50 or younger (452.5±170.3).The level of CCDC8 expression was negatively correlated with nm23 level (Correlation Coefficient =-0.400,P =0.039),while no correlation was found between CCDC8 and cancer stages,estrogen and progesterone receptor,CerbB2,Ki-67and p53.Conclusion The negative correlations between CCDC8 and age,tumor size and nm23 indicate that CCDC8 is a potential tumor suppressor,influencing the occurrence and progression in breast cancer.