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Objective:To explore the indications and effect of surgical treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis.Methods:Clinical data of these 15 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis diagnosed and treated at the Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of Peking University from 2010 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The main clinical symptoms were obstructive jaundice, abdominal pain, distension and weight loss. The diagnosis of AIP was confirmed by EUS-FNA in 6 patients,among them, 4 did not relapse after oral hormone treatment, 2 did not receive relevant treatment, and 1 developed gastric cancer one year later. Under a suspicion of malignancy, 9 patients underwent surgical laparotomy ,and the diagnosis was established by pathology. There was no recurrence after oral hormone therapy in 1 patient who underwent laparotomy and pancreatic biopsy. One out of the 3 patients with choledochojejunostomy relapsed after 3 years. Of the 5 patients who underwent pancreatectomy, 4 had no obvious recurrence, and 1 had recurrence after 3 years.Conclusions:Untypical autoimmune pancreatitis is likely to be misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer. For patients with suspicious malignancy, operational management and biopsy may benefit.
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Epileptic seizures after stroke and post stroke epilepsy (PSE) are the main causes of elderly patients with epilepsy. More and more doctors and researchers have devoted to clinical and basic trails relevant to them, hoping obtain a scientific and unitive guideline for timely and effectively treatment. This review will focus on definition, pathogenesis, risk factors, attack types, clinical diagnosis and treatment as follows to improve the understanding of the clinical peers.
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Objective:To observe the effects of Periploca forrestil Schltr Compound extract in serum interleukin-4(IL-4),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in joint synovial tissue of rats,and further to investigate it′s therapeutic effects and related mechanism.Methods: To built the complete adjuvant arthritis (AA) model in rats,and then to detect the contents of IL-4,IFN-γ,TNF-α in serum by ELISA,TGF-β1 in synovial tissues of rats knee was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: The contents of IFN-γ,TNF-α were higher and IL-4 and TGF-β1 were lower in adjuvant arthritis rats (model group) than those in blank control (P<0.01).By comparing with the model group the contents of IFN-γ and TNF-α were significantly lower in Periploca forrestil Schltr Compound treated rat group,whereas the expressions of IL-4 and TGF-β1 were increased(P<0.05).Conclusion: The Periploca forrestil Schltr Compound can significantly inhibit the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α,and enhance the expression of IL-4 and TGF-β1,adjusted the Th1/Th2 cell and cytokines imbalance,to alleviate arthritis and cartilage destruction,therefore the Periploca forrestil Schltr Compound can significantly inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocyte and infiltration in synovial tissues of experimental rheumatoid arthritis.
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Objective To establish a method for the determination of protocatechuic acid, salidroside, and chlorogenic acid in Sargentodoxa cuneata. Methods The separation was performed on a Waters XSELECT CSH C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with methanol-acetonitrile-0.2 % phosphoric acid as the mobile phase in a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 260 nm and the column temperature was 35 ℃. Results The linear ranges of protocatechuic acid, salidroside, and chlorogenic acid were 0.0020-0.0120, 0.0600-0.3602, 0.0750-4.5006 mg/ml, respectively. The average recoveries were 98.01% (RSD=0.07%), 98.53 % (RSD=0.12%), and 101.10 % (RSD=1.92%), respectively. Conclusions The method is simple, accurate, and highly reproducible, which could provide the scientific evidence for the quality control of Sargentodoxa cuneata.
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Insulin resistance in insulin sensitive organ results in metabolic disorder such as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyper triglyceridemia which are common features of type 2 diabetes.Insulin resistance in liver cells mainly causes impaired glycogen synthesis, failed to suppress glucose production which is the major contribution to hyperglycemia.FGF-21 as a new metabolic regulator can control fasting blood glucose.The mechanism of FGF-21 effects on regulating plasma glucose has little to known.In order to establish an in vitro insulin resistant model of liver cells and evaluate the effects and mechanism of FGF-21 on glucose metabolism in the cell model, HepG2 cells were incubated with 10-7 mol/L insulin for 24 h to build insulin-resistant cell model.To evaluate the cells for insulin resistance, the cells were stimulated with fresh insulin for 24 h and the glucose uptake by these cells was carried out.The insulin-resistant cells were treated with different concentrations of FGF-21 for 24 h and insulin-treated cells were used as a control.The glucose uptake by the cells was detected by the method of glucose oxidizes/peroxides(GOD-POD);the synergy between insulin and FGF-21 was evaluated.The mRNA expression of GLUT1 in the insulin-resistant cells was detected by the real-time PCR.Glycogen synthesis of the cells was examined by the anthrone method.The results showed that HepG2 cells treated with 10-7 mol/L insulin for 24 h became resistant to insulin and the insulin resistance status was maintained for 48 h without change of cell morphology.FGF-21 could stimulate glucose consumption of the insulin-resistant model in a dose-dependent manner.The glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis of the insulin-resistant model were significantly improved by FGF-21 treatment.FGF-21 showed strong synergy with insulin in glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis of the model cells.While the cells became resistant to insulin, FGF-21 could increase the mRNA expression of GLUT1.Thus, It is concluded that FGF-21 stimulates glucose uptake in insulin resistant HepG2 cells through GLUT1 expression, stimulates glycogen synthesis and improves the glucose metabolism in the insulin resistant liver cell model.