ABSTRACT
Background: The ethnobotanical science to study how the people of a race, culture or specific area use the native plants of that region. Since the methods and the indications of medicinal plants in the different regions are various
Objective: The present study was conducted with the purpose of introducing the traditional application of medicinal plants of Behbahan City for curing the diseases
Methods: For this purpose, after gathering the native plants of region simultaneously, the local name, medicinal properties, How to use and the other information related to the species were gathered
Results: In this study, 60 plant species belong to 23 families were identified. The Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae families respectively with having 7, 7, 6, 5 and 4 species had the most number of plants species. By examining the types of plants used as Sodden consumption was found that most [45%] and then the tail and Crude [30 percent]
Conclusion: Existence of 60 medicinal plant species in Behbahan City shows that the city is reach in terms of having access to medicinal plants; and this matter can provide suitable field for better usage of medicinal plants of this city for producing the productions with more effectiveness and less disadvantages
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Study of women's quality of life is highly important and has therefore attracted the attention of several researchers of this field. The pre-menstrual syndrome is a periodic complex physical, mental and behavioral change, and its severity interferes with daily activity or social relationship. The aim of this study was to define the relationship between stress and pre-menstrual syndrome and quality of life among a sample of female students
Methods: According to this correlation research method, 120 female students were selected randomly from Islamic Azad University, Abhar Branch in 2012- 2013 academic years. These students were selected randomly based on cluster sampling, where participants completed Markhm Stress Scale, Abarham and Tailor Pre-menstrual Syndrome Scale and The World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale. Collected data were analyzed using Pierson Correlation and regression analysis in the SPSS software version 17
Results: Research results revealed that there were positive correlation between stress and pre-menstrual syndrome [p<0.01], negative correlation between stress and the quality of life [p<0.01], and negative correlation between pre-menstrual syndrome and quality of life [p<0.01]. The result of regression analysis disclosed the fact that stress and pre-menstrual syndrome could explain 61% variation of quality of life
Conclusion: The results of this study illustrated the relation between stress and pre-menstrual syndrome with quality of life of female students. Accordingly, it is possible to implement these findings in planning the treatment and training programs in enhancement of coping skills and quality of life of women
ABSTRACT
Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation in boys. One of the common surgical techniques for correction of hypospadias is [Tubularized Incised Plate urethraplasty=TIP]. Meatal stenosis and fistula formation are known post-operative complications. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of early urethral dilatation in prevention of post operative complications. A randomized clinical trial including 60 patients with distal hypospadias who underwent tabularized incised plate urethroplasty with or without dilatation was conducted in Bandar Abbas children hospital in 2011. Patients were divided in two groups. The number of the patients and mean age were not different in two groups. Urethral dilatation was started in first group at two weeks following surgery and continued for six months. The patients of second group were followed without urethral dilatation. All patients were followed for occurance of complications for one year. Chi-Square and t-test were used to compare the groups. In the first group the early fistula, late fistula, stenosis, hematoma, urinary infection, cutaneous necrosis, and wound dehiscence were developed in 16.7%, 6.7%, 10%, 26.7%, 13.3%, 10%, and 20% of the patients, respectively. In the second group these complications were seen in 10%, 6.7%, 3.3%, 13.3%, 6.7%, 3.3%, and 6.7% of the patients, respectively. Statistical analysis of results showed no significant differences between two groups in rate of complications. Early urethral dilatation after urethroplasty has no significant effect on postoperative complications
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to determine the helminthic species occurring in great gerbil Rhombomys opimus collected from Maraveh Tappeh, Golestan Province, northeast Iran. During 2010-2011, a total of 77 R. opimus were captured from rural areas of Maraveh Tappeh, Golestan Province, using Sherman live traps and examined for infectivity with any larva or adult stages of helminthic parasites. Overall, 63 R. opimus [81.8%] were found infected with different helminthic species. The rate of infectivity with each species was as follows: Trichuris rhombomidis 31.2%, Trichuris muris 32.5%, Trichuris spp. 10.4%, Syphacia muris 2.6%, Dipetalonema viteae [Acanthocheilonema viteae] 37.7%, Skrjabinotaenia lobata 15.6%, Hymenolepis [=Rodentolepis] nanafraterna 5.2%, and Taenia endothoracicus larva 1.3%. R. opimus is host for several species of cestodes and nematodes in the study area. The high rate of infectivity with D. viteae indicates the susceptibility of these gerbils to this filarial nematode. Synchronous infections occurred up to four species of helminthes in one host
ABSTRACT
Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis [MVL] is an infectious disease that affects both human and animals. Domestic dogs [Canis familiaris] are principal reservoir hosts of MVL caused by Leishmania infantum. Dogs are definitive hosts for Neospora caninum and a risk factor for infecting intermediate hosts. The immunosuppression caused by visceral leishmaniasis [VL] can promote the occurrence of co-infections with other agents such as neosporosis. This study aimed to determine the frequency of co-infection of the both protozoan parasites in the endemic areas of VL from Meshkin-Shahr District, north-west of Iran. Altogether, 171 serum samples were collected from domestic dogs of Meshkin- Shahr District by multistage cluster sampling from October 2008 to August 2009. The collected serum samples were tested for the detection of simultaneous infection of L. infantum and N. caninum using direct agglutination test [DAT] and indirect ELISA, respectively. Of the 171 domestic dogs, 27 [15.8%] and 52 [30.4%] were showed antibodies against L. infantum and N. caninum, respectively. Simultaneous infections of N. caninum and L. infantum was found in 16 [9.4%] of the dogs. In VL-positive and VL-negative dogs, N. caninum infection was found in 59.3% and 25.0%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between VL-positive and VL-negative dogs with N. caninum infection [P= 0.001]. These findings indicate that Meshkin-Shahr District in northwestern Iran is an active focus of canine visceral leishmaniasis [CVL]. Neospora caninum and L. infantum co-infection is prevalent in the area and infection by L. infantum seems to enhance susceptibility to N. caninum infection in domestic dogs
ABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis is a systemic parasitic disease with a high fatality rate in under-5-year-old children. The disease is endemic in some parts of Iran, particularly in the north-west region. In 2001 a visceral leishmaniasis [VL] surveillance system was established for children aged>/=12 years in the primary health system in Meshkin-Shahr District, Ardebil Province, situated in the north-west of Islamic Republic of Iran. All cases with clinical signs and symptoms of VL and confirmed positive by the direct agglutination test [DAT] were referred for physical examination and treatment. The mean annual incidence of VL decreased significantly from 1.88 per 1000 children before [1985-2000], to 0.77 per 1000 child population after [2001-07], the intervention. In the control area with no surveillance, it increased from 0.11 to 0.23 per 1000. Early detection of VL using serological tests and timely treatment of cases can decrease the mortality and morbidity rates of VL in endemic areas
ABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum, transmitted to humans by bites of phlebotomine sand flies and is one of the most important public health problems in Iran. To identify the vector[s], an investigation was carried out in Bilesavar District, one of the important foci of the disease in Ardebil Province in northwestern Iran, during July-September 2008. Using sticky papers, 2,110 sand flies were collected from indoors [bedroom, guestroom, toilet and stable] and outdoors [wall cracks, crevices and animal burrows] and identified morphologically. Species-specific amplification of promastigotes revealed specific PCR products of L. infantum DNA. Six sand fly species were found in the district, including: Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus, P. papatasi, P. tobbi, P. sergenti, Sergentomyia dentata and S. sintoni. Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus was the dominant species of the genus Phlebotomus [62.8%]. Of 270 female dissected P. perfiliewi transcuacasicus, 4 [1.5%] were found naturally infected with promastigotes. Based on natural infections of P. perfiliewi transcaucasicus with L. infantum and the fact that it was the only species found infected with L. infantum, it seems, this sand fly could be the principal vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the region
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to conduct a sero-epidemiological survey in Meshkinshahr, Ardabil Province, northwestern Iran to detect the rate of hydatidosis in the city and nearby villages. Literature shows that no such study has been conducted so far. Overall, 670 serum samples were collected from 194 males and 476 females from patients referred to different health centers of the region. All patients filled out a questionnaire and an informed consent. Sera were analyzed using indirect-ELISA test. Ten micro g/ml antigens [Antigen B derived from hydatid cyst fluid], serum dilutions of 1:500 and conjugate anti-human cocombs with 1:100000 dilutions were utilized to perform the test. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software ver. 11.5. The seroprevalence of human hydatidosis was 1.79% by ELISA test in the region. This rate for females was 1.68% and males 2.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference as regards all factors studied and the seropositivity. According to job, farmers and ranchmen had the highest rate of infection as 3.17%. The sero-prevalence of infection was 2.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference as regards all factors studied and the seropositivity. According to job, farmers and ranchmen had the highest rate of infection as 3.17%. The sero-prevalence of infection was 2.6% in illiterate people which showed the highest rate. As regards residency, urban life showed no significant difference with rural life [1.1% vs. 2.58%]. Age group of 69-90 yr old, with 4.62 as prevalence had the highest rate of positivity. Obtained sero-prevalence of hydatidosis shows more or less a resemblance to other cities of Iran, although due to the specific condition of the city we expected more rate of sero-positivity
ABSTRACT
Visceral Leishmaniasis [kala-azar] is the most important endemic disease in Northwestern Iran, particularly in Ardabil province. This study aimed to review the Seroepidemiological studies which have been performed in Ardabil province during 1986-2009. In this descriptive analytical study, studies which have been carried out from 1986 through 2009 in Northwestern Iran about clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological features of Kala azar, using DAT, were reviewed. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS software. in total, 2703 of human visceral leishmaniasis were detected by direct agglutination test [DAT] in Ardabil province, 1787 [66.1%] of them were from Meshkin-shahr district, 837 [31%] cases were from Moghan district, and 79 [2.9%] cases were from Ardabil district. Ninety eight percent of the cases were under 10 years old while only 0.5% of the VL cases were >/= 20 years old and 17% of them were under 1 year of age. Currently Kala-Azar is the most important endemic disease in Northwestern Iran, particularly in Ardabil province. Anti-Leishmania antibodies at the titers of >/= 1:3200 using DAT along with clinical signs including fever, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly are considered as active visceral leishmaniasis. DAT antibody titer of 1/800 and lower and absent of clinical signs is considered as negative VL.
Subject(s)
Seroepidemiologic Studies , Agglutination Tests , Leishmania donovani/isolation & purification , Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunologyABSTRACT
In 2001 a visceral leishmaniasis [VL] surveillance system was set up for children aged
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Child, Preschool , Infant , Population Surveillance , Incidence , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
In order to verify the infectivity of rodents with endoparasites in Germi [Dashte-Mogan, Ardabil Province] the current study was undertaken. Using live traps, 177 rodents were trapped during 2005-2007. in field laboratory, all rodents were bled prior to autopsy, frozen at -20[degree sign] C, and shipped to the School of public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. In parasitological laboratory, every rodent was dissected and its different organs were examined for the presence of any parasite. Blood thick and thin smears as well as impression smears of liver and spleen were stained with Geimsa and examined microscopically. Two species of rodents were trapped; Meriones persicus [90.4%] and Microtus socialis [9.6%]. The species of parasites found in M. persicus and their prevalences were as follows: Hymenolepis diminuta [38.8%], Hymenolepis nana [2.5%], Trichuris sp. [40.6], Mesocestoides larva [=tetraptrathyridium] [3.1%], Capillaria hepatica [6.9%], Moniliformis moniliformis [11.3%], Syphacia obvelata [2.5%], Taenia endothoracicus larva [0.6%], Physaloptera sp. [0.6%], Dentostomella translucida [0.6%, Heligmosomum mixtum [0.6%], Strobilocercus fasciolaris [0.6%], and Aspiculuris tetraptera [11.8%]. There were no statistical differences between male and female for infectivity with parasites in either M. persicus or M. socialis. No blood or tissue protozoan parasite was found in any of the rodents examined. Among different species identified, some had zoonotic importance. Therefore, the potential health hazard of these species needs to be considered to prevent infectivity of humans
Subject(s)
Animals , Zoonoses , Parasites , Gerbillinae , Arvicolinae , Hymenolepis diminuta , Hymenolepis nana , Trichuris , Mesocestoides , Capillaria , Moniliformis , Oxyuroidea , Taenia , Spiruroidea , HeligmosomatoideaABSTRACT
Canine visceral leishmaniasis [CVL] caused by Leishmania Infantum is endemic in most Mediterranean basin and its seroprevalence ranges from 10 to 37%. Diagnosis of Infection is very important especially in asymptomatic dogs for control of human leishmaniasis for control of human visceral leishmaniasis. This study was aimed to compare three methods for detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis. In this research process study, 71 dogs were selected from 4 endemic villages in Meshkin-Shahr district. Peripheral blood samples were tested by serologic [DAT and Dipstick rK39] and molecular [PCR] methods. Skin samples were tested by molecular [PCR] methods. Twelve samples of PCR products were sequenced that all of them were identified as Leishmania infantum and 2 nucleotide sequence data submitted to the GenBank database. From 71 dogs that were studied, 21.1% were symptomatic and others were asymptomatic[78.9%]. 17 dogs [23.9%] had >/= 1:320 titer of antibody by direct agglutination test [DAT]. Twenty two dogs[31%] were positive by Dipstick rK39 test, 21 dogs [29.6%] were positive by PCR on skin samples, 31 dogs [43.7%] were positive in blood PCR and 38 dogs [53.5%] were positive by skin/blood PCR. The highest correlation was between DAT and Dipstick test [76%].According to the results of this study, we can diagnose infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs by DAT as a suitable method and PCR is suitable to follow parasite DNA in skin and other tissues of dogs
Subject(s)
Animals , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology , Agglutination Tests , Leishmania infantum/pathogenicity , Antigens, Protozoan , Protozoan Proteins , Polymerase Chain Reaction , DogsABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine of the seroprevalence of visceral leishmaniasis to design a prevention and control program in Bojnoord district. This was a descriptive and cross sectional study with multistage random sampling method. The study was carried out on children up to 12 years old and 10% of adult's population in 8 rural areas of Bojnoord district in 2007. In total, 1608 blood samples were collected to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies. All the samples were tested by direct agglutination test [DAT]. In order to determine Leishmania species, necropsy was performed on four suspected dogs in the studied areas. The species of Leishmania was determined by RAPD-PCR and PCR-RFLP methods using to amplify the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 [ITS1]. Thirty and eight [2.36%] out of 1 608 collected blood samples had anti- Leishmania antibodies at titer 1:800 and nine [0.56%] were just positive at 1:3200 by DAT. There was no statistically significant difference between female and male seroprevalence [p>0/05]. The seoprevalence in children <=12 years old compared to individuals greater than 12 years old did not show any statistically significant [p>0/05]. Amastigotes were observed in all 4 necropsied dogs. The species of Leishmania isolated from 2 dogs, was determined as L.Infantum. Their ITS1 sequences were registered with Accession numbers EU810776 and EU810777 in NCBI. These findings showed that visceral leishmaniasis has been circulated with low endemicity in Bojnoord district. Therefore an appropriate monitoring system is needed for health services in this area
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Agglutination Tests , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Leishmania , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Meshkin-Shahr district as endemic areas of human visceral leishmaniasis [HVL] for presenting control program of HVL to health authorities. A Seroepidemiological study to determine seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis [CVL] among ownership dogs using direct agglutination tests [DAT] in 21 villages of Meshkin-Shahr district, Ardabil Province was carried out from June 2006 to August 2007. Three hundred and eighty four ownership dogs were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to compare seroprevalence values relative to gender, age and clinical signs. Of the 384 serum samples tested by DAT, 17.4% [95%C.I, 13.2%-20.8%] were positive [1:320 and higher]. No statistical significant difference was found between male [16.5%] and female [20.2%] seroprevalence [P=0.416]. The highest seroprevalence rate [64.2%] was observed among the ownership dogs of three years age and above. Only 25.4% of the seropositive dogs had clinical signs and symptoms. The most clinical signs among symptomatic dogs were cachexia [75%] and alopecia [36.5%]. The majority of seropositive dogs [74.6%] lived in endemic areas of Meshkin-Shahr district were asymptomatic. It seems that all symptomatic and asymptomatic infected dogs are the most important risk factors for human infection in VL endemic areas
Subject(s)
Animals , Leishmania infantum/immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Agglutination Tests , Dogs , Risk Factors , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
One of the measurement indices for effectivness and development of health and treatment sections is client satisfaction with state organizational services. In order to promote this plan, client tribute plan was implemented. The research was performed through a cross-sectional descriptive method. Target people were all from hospitals related to Yazd Shahid Sadughi University. The data collecting method were interview and observation. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data were then nalyzed via SPSS and stated based on abundance simple and complex tables. In this research all the activities related to 10-part client tribute plan were examined. Mean socre related to the" training of staff, in the hospitals was 33%. They were as follows: 39% in the area of clarification and documentation of providing services for client, 43% in the area of giving information regarding the method of providing services for people, 71% in the area of preparation of ethical charter of the organization in connection with people, 80% concerning the predication of appropriate space and facilities, 46% in the area of improvement and amendment of ways for providing services to people, 61% for client opinion poll, 85/7% in the area of supervision and inspection,74% concerning the appreciation and encouragement of successful managers and staff and 81% in connection with how to behave toward people. On the whole, ABARKOH hospital received 130 points while AFSHAR hospital received 85, the maximum and minimum in Clients tribute plan. Implementation of client tribute plan in hospitals related to Yazd Shahid Sadughi University was somehow relative.By establishing the reform movement in management system as a step toward client tribute plan and a supervising system to control the Plan for each hospital we will hopefully observe a better condition for the matter
ABSTRACT
Dogs have been previously reported to be reservoirs of Leishmania infantum as the etiological agent of human visceral leishmaniasis in Iran. We report a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis [VL] caused by L. tropica from the north- west of Iran where human visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. The canine VL was initially screened by dipstick rK39 and direct agglutination test, then the dog was dissected and obtained samples were examined by parasitological [direct exam, cultivation] and molecular techniques [RAPD-PCR and RFLP-PCR]. Leishmania parasites were found in spleen and liver of the dog. The serological tests for the detection of specific anti-leishmania antibodies showed positive results. L. tropica as another agent of canine VL was determined
Subject(s)
Animals , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/etiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Dog Diseases , Dogs , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology , Disease ReservoirsABSTRACT
Toxoplasmosis is one of the widely distributed common disease among human and livestock. In humans utilization of contaminated meat is the main source of the infection. In sheep and goat, the abortion and morbidity by toxoplasmosis had lots of economical lost. Animal husbandry Meshkinshahr is an animal husbandry area in west Azerbyjan and supply most of the meat in north- west of Iran. This study designed to evaluate frequency of toxoplasma infection in ruminant of that city. In this descriptive cross sectional study during one year [2004], 320 blood samples were collected by a simple random method from the bovine, sheep and goat. The samples examined for the specific antibody against toxoplasma by immuno fluorescent antibody [IFA] method. In 120 sheep's serum samples prevalence of T. gondii was 59%. To titers ranged from 1:2 to 1:32. Likewise out of 100 studied bovine samples only 5% were infected and comparing with sheep's had low frequency of infection. In goats the rate of frequency of infection were 36%. The results of our study showed highest frequency of the infection among sheep and goat. It was concluded that to prevent spread of human infection, the common shepherding area of the region must be managed by hygienic management and public educations and necessary
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Animals , Toxoplasmosis/immunology , Animals, Domestic , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Cross-Sectional Studies , Toxoplasma , Sheep , GoatsABSTRACT
Visceral leishmaniasis [VL] is one of the most important parasitic diseases which is endemic in different parts of Iran. Serological studies were conducted by direct agglutination test [DAT] on 12144 human serum samples, collected from four geographical zones of Iran. Sero prevalence, geographical distribution, clinical signs and symptoms for human visceral leishmaniasis based on DAT for the period of 2002 through 2005 were determined. From 516 kala-azar cases detected: 50.6% were from Meshkin-shahr and Moghan districts in Ardabil Province, northwest of Iran and 49.4% were detected from other areas of Iran. In physical examination of seropositive cases, which were detected by DAT with anti-leishmanial antibodies at titers of 1: 3200 to 1: 102400, almost 50% of suspected individuals showed the classical kala-azar signs and symptoms. Predominant signs and symptoms in 233 hospitalized patients with anti-Leishmania antibodies at 1:3200 and higher, were fever [88.0%] and splenomegaly [84.5%]. Statistically significant difference was found between males [58%] and females [42%] [P< 0.01]. Moreover, 93.6% of the VL patients were < 5 yr of age, and 6.4% were older than 5 yr that this difference was statistically significant [P< 0.01]. From 1383 serum samples collected from domestic dogs in the villages that are known as endemic foci of human leishmaniasis, 152 [11.0%] were positive by DAT [>/= 1:320]. Parasitological and serological examinations that were performed in 30 wild canines showed that 10% of these animals were infected by L. infantum. L. infantum Lon49 is the principal agent of the disease in human as well as animal reservoir hosts in different parts of Iran. For the first time in Iran, L. tropica isolated from both skin lesions in the face and bone marrow aspiration in a HIV+ man who co-infected with VL as well as in an infected dog from Ardabil Province