ABSTRACT
Objective:Hidden hunger remains a severe public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide.In China,challenges related to dietary imbalance and hidden hunger persist.Micronutrient inadequacy deserves more attention among adolescents,given its vital role in their growth and development;however,this problem appears to have been largely ignored.High school students,in particular,are often at a high risk of hidden hunger but have limited assessment tools available.Therefore,this study aims to revise the hidden hunger assessment scale for high school students(HHAS-HSS)in China and assess its reliability and validity.Methods:Based on a literature review,expert consultation,pre-experiment,and formal survey,a hidden hunger assessment scale was revised for high school students.The formal survey involved 9 336 high school students in 11 of the 16 cities in Anhui Province,China,and 9038 valid questionnaires were collected and included in the analysis.The item analysis,internal consistency reliability,test-retest reliability,content validity,exploratory factor analysis,and confirmatory factor analysis of the HHAS-HSS were examined.Results:The HHAS-HSS included a total of 4 dimensions and 12 items:"vegetables and food diversity"(three items),"fruits and dairy products"(three items),"micronutrient-dense foods"(four items),and"health condition and eating habits"(two items).The results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.758,a split-half reliability of 0.829,and a test-retest reliability of 0.793,indicating good internal consistency.Using the Bartlett's test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test(KMO)to test the exploratory factor analysis presented a four-factor model of the HHAS-HSS,the KMO value was 0.820(P＜0.001),which indicated the possibility for factor confirmatory factor analysis.Using the maximum variance rotation method,four factors were obtained,and the cumulative variance explained rate was 57.974％.Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the division of the scale into four dimensions,and the fitting indices were x2=1417.656,x2/df=29.534,goodness-of-fit index=0.974,adjusted goodnesss-of-fit index=0.958,parsimonious goodness-of-fit index=0.600,normed fit index=0.938,incremental fit index=0.940,Tucker-Lewis index=0.917,comparative fit index=0.939,and root mean square error of approximation=0.056.Except for x2/df,all the indices reached the fitting standard,and the above results showed that the construct validity of the scale reached an acceptable level.Conclusions:The HHAS-HSS has good validity and reliability for Chinese high school students.It is a convenient self-report measure of hidden hunger risk.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the feature of the angulation between left pulmonary artery (LPA) and main pulmonary artery (MPA) and its relationship to pulmonary artery development in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods A total of 101 TOF patients in West China Hospital from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled in a TOF group, including 62 males and 39 females, aged 6.8 (0.3-45.8) years, and another 20 patients without basic cardiac diseases at the same stage were enrolled in a control group, including 10 males and 10 females, aged 6.9 (0.3-54.0) years. Diameters of LPA, right pulmonary artery (RPA) and MPA, the angulation between LPA and MPA (MPA-LPA), McGoon ratio, and Nakata index were measured and compared between the two groups. The relationship between the above data and MPA-LPA angulation was also analyzed. Results The average MPA-LPA angulation was smaller in the TOF group than that in the control group (113.63° vs. 128.45°, P=0.001 8). The MPA Z score was also smaller in the TOF group than that in the control group (0.46 vs. 2.75, P=0.000 4). No relationship was found by correlation analysis between the MPA-LPA angulation and MPA Z score or LPA Z score in the control group (P=0.239 6, 0.114 7) and the TOF group (P=0.759 3, 0.242 7). The McGoon ratios (2.22±0.72, 2.43±0.94, P=0.340 0) and Nakata index (359.3±294.24, 395.52±329.31, P=0.650 0) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion The angulation of LPA-MPA and MPA Z score are smaller in the TOF group than those in the control group. There is no relationship between MPA-LPA angulation and pulmonary artery diameters. The LPA-MPA angulation should not be considered as an influence factor for LPA development and trans-annular patch surgery.
ABSTRACT
@# Objective: To investigate the function of CIK (cytokine induced killer) cells cultured using ATG-F (anti-human T lymphocyte rabbit immunoglobulin-Fresenius) and IFN- γ, IL-2 system and its feasibility in clinical practice. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy donors and were used to culture CIK cells by different activating antibodies; the total cell count was calculated on Day 7 and 14. The CIK cell composition, cell surface activation and proportion of inhibitory receptor molecular in ATG-F group, CD3 group and TG (Thymoglobulin) group were analyzed by Flow cytometry, and the cytotoxicity of CIK cells against K562 cells were also determined by flow cytometry at day 14 in ATG-F high-dose group, CD3 group and TG group. Results: CIK cells were successfully cultured by ATG-F, IFN-γ, IL-2 system. The proliferation rate of ATGF high-dose group was significantly higher than that in TG group (27.25±1.25 vs 16.60±1.72, P <0.01), but the proportion of CD3+ CD56+ cells showed no statistical difference compare with the CD3 group ( P >0.05). The percentage of CD3-CD56+ NK cells in ATG-F high-dose group was significantly higher than that in TG group and CD3 group [(11.19±2.60）% vs（5.66±1.00）%,（1.42± 0.51）% ， P <0.01], while the proportion of CD4+T cells was significantly lower than that in CD3, TG group [(4.35±1.47）% vs （26.88±5.01）%,（14.52±6.22）%, P <0.01]; the proportion of CD56+CD94+, CD56+CD158a+, CD56+CD158b cells was significantly higher than those in CD3 group (all P <0.01). The ATG-F high does group showed significantly higher cytotoxicity against K562 cells than that of CD3 group at the target/effect ratio of 1∶10. Conclusion: CIK cells cultured by ATG-F culture system has higher NK cell proportion than other ordinary culture system, and its activated receptor has more stronger cytotoxicity against K562 cells.