ABSTRACT
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a typical necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus that distributes worldwide and causes severe diseases on a broad-range of plant species. Studies on S. sclerotiorum have been mainly focused on biology and pathology. The development of high-throughput technologies enabled multi-omics approaches for systems biology. This review summarizes current researches on S. sclerotiorum and proposes systemic strategies for understanding its biology and pathology, to provide novel insights and references for further investigation on molecular biology and pathogenesis of the pathogenic fungi and the pathosystems.
Subject(s)
Ascomycota , Plant Diseases , PlantsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical effects of percutaneous endoscopic technique in treating multi-segmental lumbar spinal stenosis in the elderly.Methods Thirty elderly patients with multi-segmental lumbar spinal stenosis and an indefinite positioning of duty segments were retrospectively analyzed.Based on treatment mode of the stenotic segment of lumbar spine,all patients were divided to two groups.The segments of lateral recess or foraminal stenosis were treated with percutaneous endoscopic decompression via the transforaminal approach,while the segments of central stenosis were treated with percutaneous endoscopic decompression via the interlaminar approach.Results Twenty-seven (90％) patients were treated in double segments and three patients (10％) were treated in three segments.There were significant improvements in Visual Analogue Scale,Japanese Orthopaedic Association and Oswestry disability index scores at 3 day and 1 year after therapy as compared with pre-therapy (both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Percutaneous endoscopic technique is safe and effective in the treatment of elderly multi-segmental lumbar spinal stenosis.
ABSTRACT
The establishment and development of tissue engineering has changed the traditional treatment model which re-pair trauma with trauma. It combines seed cells with biomaterials to repair bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels and other tissue defects. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are seed cells for stem cell regenerative medicine. They have been exten-sively studied because of many advantages, such as multi-directional differentiation, easy-extraction and culture, strong prolifera-tion ability, low immunogenicity, and so on. However, there are some problems in the repair in trauma of BMMSCs, which restrict their application in clinical medical treatment. Therefore, a great deal of basic experimental studies are still needed. In a large number of experiments on BMMSCs, various types of detection methods emerge in an endless stream. In order to monitor its status like migration, proliferation and differentiation in vivo, tracing technology has been using. Tracing, in short, is the tracking of mark-ers. There are three types of labeling methods, including Report gene, Fluorescent dyes and Nano particle, using one or more of the medical imaging technologies, such as optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radionuclide imaging (RNI) to ob-serve. Thus, a variety of tracer techniques are formed. Different tracing technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, which are related to the nature of the selected marker itself and the characteristics of the imaging technique. In order to obtain bet-ter and more accurate experimental results, researchers are constantly improving and developing new tracing technology. In this paper, we classify tracing techniques by different labeling methods, review and prospect the various tracing techniques currently applied to BMMSCs.
ABSTRACT
The establishment and development of tissue engineering has changed the traditional treatment model which re-pair trauma with trauma. It combines seed cells with biomaterials to repair bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels and other tissue defects. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are seed cells for stem cell regenerative medicine. They have been exten-sively studied because of many advantages, such as multi-directional differentiation, easy-extraction and culture, strong prolifera-tion ability, low immunogenicity, and so on. However, there are some problems in the repair in trauma of BMMSCs, which restrict their application in clinical medical treatment. Therefore, a great deal of basic experimental studies are still needed. In a large number of experiments on BMMSCs, various types of detection methods emerge in an endless stream. In order to monitor its status like migration, proliferation and differentiation in vivo, tracing technology has been using. Tracing, in short, is the tracking of mark-ers. There are three types of labeling methods, including Report gene, Fluorescent dyes and Nano particle, using one or more of the medical imaging technologies, such as optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radionuclide imaging (RNI) to ob-serve. Thus, a variety of tracer techniques are formed. Different tracing technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages, which are related to the nature of the selected marker itself and the characteristics of the imaging technique. In order to obtain bet-ter and more accurate experimental results, researchers are constantly improving and developing new tracing technology. In this paper, we classify tracing techniques by different labeling methods, review and prospect the various tracing techniques currently applied to BMMSCs.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the development of neuropathic pain (NP) in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male SD rats weighing 200-230 g were randomly divided into 8 groups (n =6 each): Ⅰ control group (group C);Ⅱ sham operation group (group S);group ⅢNP;Ⅳ-Ⅶ 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L methionine sulfoximine (MSO, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS)) group (group M1-4 );Ⅷ MSO + glutaminate group (group MG). In group C no operation was performed. In group S the sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated. NP was induced by ligation of the tibial nerve and commom peroneal nerve according to the technique described by Dixon. After the establishment of the model, intrathecal PBS 50 μl was injected in group NP, IT 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally in group M1-4, and 0.05 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally and then 0.25 mmol/L glutamine 50 μl was injected intrathecally 15 min later in group MG. Mechanical pain threshold was measured 1 week before ligation (T0 , baseline), 1 week after ligation (T1) and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after injection of MSO (T2-5). Then rats were killed and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and GS and the co-expression (GFAP/GS) in the dorsal horn.Results Mechanical pain threshold was significantly lower at T1-5 in group MG and NP and at T2-4 in group M3.4 ,and the expression of GFAP, GS and GFAP/GS was significantly higher in group MG,NP and M3 than in group S and C ( P ＜ 0.05) .Conclusion Astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the spinal cord is involved in the development of neuropathic pain in rats.