A Morphometric Study of Head in the Population of Young Chinese Adults / Estudio Morfométrico de la Cabeza en la Población de Adultos Jóvenes Chinos

SUMMARY: Due to the complexity of head shape, limited 1D or 2D head anthropometry fail to fully capture its shape characteristics. Currently, there is limited research on clustering analysis of head shape from a shape difference perspective, especially for the head shape of Chinese people. Head shape is influenced by factors such as race, sex, and age, making it imperative to create a head shape database for Chinese individuals. In this study, three-dimensional head data of 339 Chinese young adult were collected, and the head shapes were clustered into 7 clusters using an improved k-medoids algorithm. The differences between clusters and the average head shape were further analyzed. It can be foreseen that the head shape database for Chinese young adult constructed in this study has important reference value for the ergonomic design of head-related products and head morphology research, among other fields.

Debido a la complejidad de la forma de la cabeza, la antropometría limitada de ésta, en 1D o 2D, no logra capturar completamente sus características de forma. Actualmente, existen estudios limitados sobre el análisis de agrupamiento de la forma de la cabeza, desde una perspectiva de diferencia de forma, especialmente en el caso de la población china. La forma de la cabeza está influenciada por factores como la raza, el sexo y la edad, por lo que resulta imperativo crear una base de datos sobre la forma de la cabeza de los individuos chinos. En este estudio, se recopilaron datos tridimensionales de la cabeza de 339 adultos jóvenes chinos, y las formas de la cabeza se agruparon en 7 grupos utilizando un algoritmo k-medoids mejorado. Las diferencias entre los grupos y la forma promedio de la cabeza se analizaron a profundidad. Se puede prever que la base de datos sobre la forma de la cabeza de adultos jóvenes chinos construida en este estudio, tiene un valor de referencia importante para el diseño ergonómico de productos relacionados con la morfología de la cabeza, entre otros campos.

Effect of silencing HDAC9 on the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the effect of silencing histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) expression on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs).@*Methods@# PDLSCs were isolated, cultured and identified in vitro. An siRNA construct specific for HDAC9 was transfected into PDLSCs (siHDAC9 group), and a nontargeting siRNA was used as a control (siNC group). The interference effect was determined by qRT-PCR. The cell cycle progression of PDLSCs was detected using flow cytometry. The proliferation activity of PDLSCs was detected via CCK-8 assay. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). The mRNA expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was investigated by qRT-PCR. The protein expression of RUNX2 was detected by western blotting. In addition, the formation of mineralized nodules was assessed by alizarin red staining. @*Results@#Compared with that in the siNC group, the mRNA expression of HDAC9 in the siHDAC9 group was lower (P < 0.01). Moreover, compared with those in the siNC group, the proliferation index (P<0.01), proliferation activity (P<0.05) and protein expression of PCNA (P<0.01) in the siHDAC9 group were all increased. Compared with the siNC group, the siHDAC9 group exhibited higher mRNA expression of RUNX2 and ALP (P < 0.05), and the protein expression of RUNX2 showed the same results (P < 0.01). The results of alizarin red staining showed that compared to the siNC group, the siHDAC9 group formed more mineralized nodules.@* Conclusion@#Silencing HDAC9 expression can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.

Research progression on safety verification of diving decompression procedures / 中国职业医学

@#A diving decompression procedure is a specific rule that divers should follow when they ascend and get out of water. It comes from the decompression theory and algorithm and is designed for the prevention of decompression sickness. With the ， ， development of diving technology and diving medicine the decompression procedures are constantly innovated and the new ， decompression procedure can be used in diving practice after safety verification. In principle the safety verification of ， decompression procedures should be conducted on animal experiments before human experiments and the risks of ， decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity should be systematically assessed. However the assessment methods used in ， ， ， different studies differ greatly thus it is urgent to establish a standard and universal verification system. Traditionally the risk ， ， assessment of decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity is mainly carried out by observing the incidence detecting bubbles ， theoretical calculation and lung functional test. Furthermore biochemical indicators are increasingly becoming important ， ， supplements. Due to the special underwater environment the diving operation is prone to accidents. Therefore in addition to ， verifying the safety of the new decompression procedure exploring its safety decompression limit is of great significance for the formulation of emergency decompression procedures in emergency situations. The specific approach is to shorten the decompression time and assess the safety until the critical time for detecting bubbles without the occurrence of decompression ， ， sickness is found. Future studies should continue to optimize safety assessment methods explore sensitive biochemical markers ， clarify species associations and improve verification efficiency and reliability of results.

Analyzing the influencing factors of neck and low back work-related musculoskeletal disorders in acupuncturists / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - （ ） To analyze the current situation of work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs in neck and low ， Methods back of acupuncturists and to explore its influencing factors. A total of 272 acupuncturists from 21 hospitals above grade B level in Guangdong Province were selected as study subjects using convenient sampling method. The revised Chinese ， version of Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in the past one year and Results the influencing factors of WMSDs in the high incidence areas such as neck and low back were analyzed. The annual （ ）， （ ） prevalence of WMSDs among acupuncturists was 94.9%. The prevalence of WMSDs in the neck 81.6% low back 81.6% （ ） ， and shoulder 63.2% was the highest and the prevalence of WMSDs in both the neck and low back was 73.5%. The prevalence - - （ vs ，P ） of multi site WMSDs was higher than that of single site WMSDs 86.0% 8.8% <0.01 . Multivariate logistic regression ， - ， ， analysis showed that acupuncturists who were female long time sitting work repeated operations within one minute and work （ P ） changing every day were common risk factors for neck or low back WMSDs or both neck and low back all <0.05 . Keeping the ， ， same posture for a long time driving to work and personnel shortage were risk factors for low back WMSDs in acupuncturists （ P ） （P ）Conclusion all <0.05 . Uncomfortable working posture was a risk factor for WMSDs in both neck and low back <0.05 . - ， - Acupuncturists are the high risk population of WMSDs and the neck and low back are the high risk sites of WMSDs. The influencing factors of WMSDs in acupuncturists include individual factors and occupational factors such as poor ergonomics and work organization.

Associations of high-mobility group box 1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products with acute lung injury in patient with acute aortic dissection

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of high-mobility group box 1 and its specific receptor, receptor for advanced glycation end products with acute lung injury in patients with acute aortic dissection. METHODS: A total of 96 acute aortic dissection patients were divided into acute aortic dissection with acute lung injury group (38 cases) and acute aortic dissection without acute lung injury group (58 cases), according to partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen. In addition, 44 healthy individuals were selected for the control group. The blood samples were taken. The serum high-mobility group box 1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen was measured. RESULTS: 24 h after admission, the high-mobility group box 1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products levels in acute aortic dissection with acute lung injury and acute aortic dissection without acute lung injury groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, respectively (p<0.05), and each index in acute aortic dissection with acute lung injury group was significantly higher than that in acute aortic dissection without acute lung injury group (p<0.05). At each time point within 96 h after admission, compared with acute aortic dissection without acute lung injury group, in acute aortic dissection with acute lung injury group, the high-mobility group box 1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products levels were increased, respectively, and the partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen was decreased. The correlation analysis showed that, in acute aortic dissection patients, the high-mobility group box 1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products levels were negatively correlated with partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The serum high-mobility group box 1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products levels may be associated with the occurrence of acute lung injury in acute aortic dissection patients. Monitoring the high-mobility group box 1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products levels can evaluate the risk of acute aortic dissection with acute lung injury.

Effect of fatigue load on internal mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc / Efecto de la carga de fatiga en las propiedades mecánicas internas del disco intervertebral

SUMMARY: Lumbar disc herniation is considered to be the main pathological factor for the common clinical disease of low back pain. Biomechanical factor is an important cause of lumbar disc herniation, so it is urgent to analyze the stress/strain behavior of intervertebral disc under different loading condition. Slow repetitive loading is considered to be an important factor of spine and disc injuries, and the effect of fatigue load on internal displacement in the intervertebral disc was investigated by applying the optimized digital image correlation technique in this study. The first finding was that fatigue load had a significant effect on the displacement distribution in the intervertebral disc under compression. Superficial AF exhibited the largest axial displacements before fatigue load, while it exhibited the smallest axial displacements after fatigue load. Inner AF exhibited slightly smaller radial displacements than outer AF before fatigue load, while it exhibited significantly greater radial displacements than outer AF displacements after fatigue load. The second finding was that fatigue load had a certain effect on the internal displacement distribution in the flexed intervertebral disc under compression. Middle AF exhibited the smallest axial displacements before fatigue load, while deep AF exhibited the smallest axial displacements after fatigue load. The radial displacement distribution did not change before and after fatigue load, as the radial displacement in outer AF was the smallest, while the radial displacement in inner AF was the largest. The third finding was that with the increase in fatigue time and amplitude, the Young's modulus of the intervertebral disc increased significantly. This study can provide the basis for clinical intervertebral disc disease prevention and treatment? and is important for mechanical function evaluation of artificial intervertebral disc as well.

RESUMEN: La hernia de disco lumbar se considera el principal factor patológico para la enfermedad clínica común del dolor lumbar. El factor biomecánico es una causa importante de hernia de disco lumbar, por lo que es urgente analizar el comportamiento de esfuerzo / tensión del disco intervertebral bajo diferentes condiciones de carga. La carga repetitiva lenta se considera un factor importante de lesiones de columna y disco, y en este estudio el efecto de la carga de fatiga sobre el desplazamiento interno en el disco intervertebral se investigó mediante la aplicación de la técnica de correlación de imagen digital optimizada. El primer hallazgo fue que la carga de fatiga tuvo un efecto significativo en la distribución del desplazamiento en el disco intervertebral bajo compresión. El AF superficial exhibió los desplazamientos axiales más grandes antes de la carga de fatiga, mientras que exhibió los desplazamientos axiales más pequeños después de la carga de fatiga. El AF interno exhibió desplazamientos radiales ligeramente más pequeños que el AF externo antes de la carga de fatiga, mientras que exhibió desplazamientos radiales significativamente mayores que los desplazamientos AF externos después de la carga de fatiga. El segundo hallazgo fue que la carga de fatiga tenía un cierto efecto sobre la distribución del desplazamiento interno en el disco intervertebral flexionado bajo compresión. El AF medio exhibió los desplazamientos axiales más pequeños antes de la carga de fatiga, mientras que el AF profundo exhibió los desplazamientos axiales más pequeños después de la carga de fatiga. La distribución del desplazamiento radial no cambió antes ni después de la carga de fatiga, ya que el desplazamiento radial en la FA externa fue el más pequeño, mientras que el desplazamiento radial en la FA interna fue el más grande. El tercer hallazgo fue que con el aumento del tiempo de fatiga y la amplitud, el módulo de Young del disco intervertebral aumentó significativamente. Este estudio puede proporcionar la base para la prevención y el tratamiento clínico de la enfermedad del disco intervertebral, y también es importante para la evaluación de la función mecánica del disco intervertebral artificial.

Effect of miR-21 on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To explore the effect of miR-21 on human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) proliferation and osteogenesis and to provide a theoretical basis for the stem cell treatment of periodontitis.@*Methods@#hPDLSCs were isolated and cultured with the enzymatic tissue block method, and surface molecules (CD34, CD45, CD90 and CD105) were detected by flow cytometry. An miR-21 mimics (pre-miR-21) and inhibitor (anti-miR-21) were transfected into hPDLSCs by Lipofectamine 2000. The experiment groups: mimics-NC group, mimics group, inhibitor group, and inhibitor-NC group. The transfection efficiency of miR-21 was determined by qRT-PCR. Proliferation was detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. The osteogenic differentiation ability of hPDLSCs was determined by alizarin red staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of osteogenic related genes: Runx2.@*Results@#The mRNA expression of miR-21in the mimics group was significantly higher than that in the mimics-NC group; additionally, the expression in the inhibitor group was significantly weaker than that in the inhibitor-NC group (P < 0.05). hPDLSCs proliferation and the S phase cell ratio in the mimics group were stronger than those in the mimics-NC group(P < 0.05); those in the inhibitor group were weaker than those in the inhibitor-NC group (P < 0.05). After alizarin red staining, the mimics group was found to have more mineralized modules than mimics-NC group, and the inhibitor group had fewer than that in the inhibitor-NC group. Runx2 protein expression in the mimics group was higher than that in the mimics-NC group (P <0.05), and expression was lower in the inhibitor group than in the inhibitor-NC group (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#miR-21can promote the proliferation and osteogenesic differentiation of hPDLSCs.

Effect of ursolic acid combined with gemcitabine on proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To study the effects of ursolic acid cooperated with gemcitabine on proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells. Methods: Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 was cultured in vitro with ursolic acid and gemcitabine respectively; and MTT assay was used to determine the IC50 of ursolic acid and gemcitabine, thus obtaining the best drug concentration. Ursolic acid (2 µmol/L) and gemcitabine (0.2 µmol/L) alone or in combination was used to treat PANC-1 cells; trypan blue assay was used to test cell viability, and PI staining was used to examine the cell apoptosis; wound healing was used to detect the proliferation and migration of PANC-1 cells. The protein expressions of P-JNK, Bcl-2, IL-6, P-Stat 3, NF-κB and Cox-2 in cells of each treatment group were detected using Western blotting. Results: Both ursolic acid and gemcitabine could significantly inhibit the proliferation of PANC-1 cells, and the IC50 is 13.67 and 2.78 µmol/L, respectively; and the final concentrations were determined at 2 and 0.2 µmol/L for ursolic acid and gemcitabine, respectively. Compared with single drug treatment, the combined treatment exerted a more prominent cell proliferation inhibition effect ([46.47±5.07]% vs [78.38±8.65]%, [76.12±3.23]%, all P<0.05), apoptosis-induction effect ([39.78± 7.01]% vs [20.35±8.51]%, [20.35±8.51]%, all P<0.01) and migration inhibition effect (P<0.01) on PANC-1 cells. Western blotting showed that the combined treatment strongly inhibited Bcl-2 and IL-6 expression, accelerated P-JNK protein expression compared with single drug treatment. Conclusion: The synergistic effect of ursolic acid and gemcitabine enhanced the inhibition on proliferation, migration, and promoted cell apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1, the mechanism may be associated with inhibition of Bcl-2, Il-6, P-stat 3 proteins and promotion of P-JNK protein.

Efficacy of Decitabine Combined with Pre-Excitation Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Middle-Aged and Elderly MDS Transformed Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy of domestic decitabine (D) combined with pre-excitation chemotherapy consisted of Ara-c, THP and G-CSF(CTG) in treatment of middle-aged and elderly patients with MDS-transformed AML and prognosis-related factors.@*METHODS@#Seventy-six patients with MDS-transformed AML treated in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2015 were selected according to treatment regimens, 76 patients were divided into 2 groups: CTG group(36 cases) and D+CTG group(40 cases). The patients in CTG group received treatment with Ara-C, THP and G-CSF; the patients received the treatment with decitabine plus CTG. The patients in 2 groups all received 4 course treatment, then received maintaining treatment. The therapeutic efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 group were compared, at the same time, the risk factors affecting the prognos of patients treated with D+CTG were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There were no siginificant differences in age, sex, initial blood cell count, bone marrow blast ratio, disease types, chromosome karyotypes and FLT3-ITD gene mutation between 2 groups. The efficacy analysis showed that the efficacy of D+CTG was superior to CTG, ORR in D+CTG group was significantly higher than that in CTG group (72、52 vs 50%) (P0.05). The follow-np for 2 years showed that the median survival time in D+CTG group was significantly longer than that in CTG group (19.9 vs 11.0 months) (P<0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that the 1 course efficacy (RR=3.926, P=0.015) and FLT3-ITD gene mutation (RR=4.347, P=0.004) were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of D+CTG treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#The short-and long-term efficacy of domestic decitasine combined with preexcitation chenotherapy in treatment of middec-aged and eldery patients with MDS transformed AML is superior to single pre-excitation chenothrapy, moreover the incidence of adverse reactions did not increase. The 1 course efficacy and FLT-3 ITD gene mutation are the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients. .

Protective effects of different extracts of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

A comparison of analysis in evaluating the hepatoprotective action of fractional ethanolic (F0), ethyl acetic (F1), n-butanol (F2) and aqueous (F3) extracts of E. ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) against thioacetamide (TAA) induced hepatic damage was studied in mice. The extract (453 mg/kg-F0, 104 mg/kg-F1, 95 mg/kg-F2 and 237 mg/kg-F3 body weight, po, once daily for 15 days) restored serum marker enzymes levels to normal in TAA treated mice. The biochemical biomarkers viz., total protein, albumin and total bilirubin were also restored forward normal level expression pattern of liver protein profile of mice by using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed 144 spots in TAA administered group which were significantly reduced in EUO extracts treated group. Among the four extracts ethyl acetate (F1) and n-butanol (F2) extracts showed more significant liver protection. TAA induced injury can be correlated with its high phenolic content in these extracts which may have hepatoprotective effects in regulating liver proteins by scavenging free radicals.