ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the effect of adenoassociated virus sense transfection up-regulating the expressionlevel of the growth and differential factor 11 ( GDF11) in vivo on aortic injury in type 2 diabetic mellitus rats(T2DM).@*Methods@#Nine-week-old male SD rats were randomly selected to establish a T2DM model by usinghigh -sugar and high-fat chow plus small-dose streptozotocin (STZ) combined induction. Both normal rats and diabetic model rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank control group ( Control group) , negative virus control group ( NC group), GDF11 adeno-associated virus group ( GDFl1 group), diabetic group ( DM group), anddiabetic + GDF11 adeno-associated virus group ( DM + GDFl1 group). After 8 weeks of feeding, the serum con-centrations of insulin ( INS ), advanced glyeosylation end products ( AGES), recombinant growth transforming fac.tor 11 ( GDF11 ), total cholesterol (T-CH0 ), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), high-density lipoproteins ( HDL-C), asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA), and malondialdehyde ( MDA) were assayed inthe rats ; periodic acid-schiff stain( PAS stain) was used to observe the sites of glycogen deposition, and hematoxylin-eosin staining ( HE) was used to observe vascular damage. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observethe damage of vascular endothelial cells and vascular elastic fibers, and protein blotting and immunohistochemistrwere used to detect the expression levels of vascular injury-related proteins. Protein blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression levels of vascular injury-related proteins. @*Results@#The biochemical indexes showed that the serum concentrations of AGES, T-CHO, TG, LDL-C and MDA were higher in the DM groupthan those in the Control group (P <0. 05), the concentrations of INS, GDF11, HDL-C and ADMA were signifi.cantly lower than those in the Control group (P <0. 05 ), and the concentrations of AGE'S and HDL-C were not sig.nificantly lower in the DM + GDF1l group compared with the DM group ( P <0. 05). HDL-C was not significantlydilerent from the DM group, and several other data were improved ( P<0. 05 ). Pathological staining suggestedthat PAS staining in the DM group suggested that glycogen particles deposited in the endothelium and subendotheli.um of the aorta, HE staining observed thickening of the aortic mesentery, endothelial cells and elastic fibers brokeolf in an irregular alignment , and electron microscopy observed endothelial damage in the vasculature and elastic fibers broke off in the DM group, and these changes attenuated in the DM + GDFl1 group. Protein blotting and im.munohistochemistry indicated that the expression of endothelial cell-associated proteins decreased in the DM groug( P <0. 05), and mesenchymal markers elevated in the DM group ( P <0. 05 ), these proteins were regressed inthe DM + GDFl1 group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Inereasing theexpression level of GDFl1 in vivo can improve aortic vascular injury caused by diabetes mellitus, which is inferredthat it may be related to the inhibition of endothelial mesenchymal transition to protect the function of vascular endo.thelial cells and thus improve vascular injury.
ABSTRACT
Image segmentation is a key step for image processing. This study developed an improved region growing algorithm to extract the outline of the heart for 3D-modeling which based on the acquisition of canine cardiac CT images from animal experiment. In this paper the method was also compared with the classic algorithm of threshold segmentation. The result showed that the method can be used for the 3D display technology of cardiac electrical activity in clinical electrophysiology mapping.