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Objective@#To study the clinical efficacy of biological ceramics (iRoot BP Plus ) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in direct pulp capping of mature permanent teeth, to provide referrence for clinical application.@* Methods @# Seventy-four patients with pulp exposure due to deep caries or reversible pulpitis in 75 mature permanent teeth were selected and were randomly divided into two groups. iRoot BP Plus were used as pulp capping agents in the treatment group and MTA were used as pulp capping agents in the control group respectively. The clinical efficacy and imaging analysis were performed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. Treatment success rate of the two groups were calculated, and the influence of various factors including gender, age, tooth position, cavity, number and size of pulp exposure on the efficacy of direct pulp capping were analyzed. @* Results @#Sixty patients with 61 mature permanent teeth were selected. Twelve mouths after treatment, 61 teeth of 60 patents were completely investigated (iRoot group: 31 teeth 30 patients; MTA group: 30 teeth 30 patients). The success rates of the 2 groups were 90.3% (iRoot BP Plus) and 90.0% (MTA), respectively. There was no statistical difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). Statistical analysis also showed that gender, age, tooth position, cavity, number and size of pulp exposure had no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). @*Conclusion@# Both iRoot BP Plus and MTA are effective in direct pulp capping of mature permanent teeth with carious pulp exposure, while the operation of iRoot is simple and convenient.
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Objective @#To investigate the effects of N-cadherin silencing on the proliferation and migration of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and to provide experimental evidence for DPSCs-based dental pulp regeneration.@* Methods@# DPSCs were transfected with N-cadherin shRNA lentivirus, and the knockdown efficiency of N-cadherin at both the mRNA and protein levels was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The experiment included a negative control group (shRNA -NC) and an N-cadherin shRNA silencing group. Cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 method. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry, and cell migration was detected using the Transwell method.@*Results@#N-cadherin shRNA significantly reduced the expression levels of N-cadherin mRNA and protein in DPSCs (P<0.001). The proliferation activity of the N-cadherin shRNA group was significantly greater than that of the shRNA-NC group on the 3rd and 4th days after cell inoculation and lower than that of the shRNA-NC group from the 6th to 8th days (P<0.05). On the 3rd day after cell inoculation, the proportion of cells in S phase and G2 phase in the N-cadherin shRNA group was greater than that in the shRNA-NC group (P<0.05). On the 6th day after cell inoculation, the proportion of cells in S phase and G2 phase in the N-cadherin shRNA group was lower than that in the shRNA-NC group (P<0.05), and the proportion of apoptotic cells in the N-cadherin shRNA group was greater than that in the shRNA-NC group (P<0.01). Low densities cells and high densities cells were inoculated into Transwell upper chamber for 20 h, the number of cells passing through the membrane pores of upper chamber in the N-cadherin shRNA group was greater than that in the shRNA-NC group (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Silencing N-cadherin expression can promote the early proliferation and migration of DPSCs.
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Abstract Objectives We analyzed the effects of the Er:YAG laser used with different parameters on dentinal tubule (DT) occlusion, intrapulpal temperature and pulp tissue morphology in order to determine the optimal parameters for treating dentin hypersensitivity. Methodology Dentin specimens prepared from 36 extracted human third molars were randomized into six groups according to the treatment method (n=6 each): control (A); Gluma desensitizer (B); and Er:YAG laser treatment at 0.5 W , 167 J/cm2 (50 mJ, 10 Hz) (C), 1 W , 334 J/cm2 (50 mJ, 20 Hz) (D), 2 W , 668 J/cm2 (100 mJ, 20 Hz) (E), and 4 W and 1336 J/cm2 (200 mJ, 20 Hz) (F). Treatment-induced morphological changes of the dentin surfaces were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to find parameters showing optimal dentin tubule occluding efficacy. To further verify the safety of these parameters (0.5 W, 167 J/cm2), intrapulpal temperature changes were recorded during laser irradiation, and morphological alterations of the dental pulp tissue were observed with an upright microscope. Results Er:YAG laser irradiation at 0.5 W (167 J/cm2) were found to be superior in DT occlusion, with an exposure rate significantly lower than those in the other groups (P<0.05). Intrapulpal temperature changes induced by Er:YAG laser irradiation at 0.5 W (167 J/cm2) with (G) and without (H) water and air cooling were demonstrated to be below the threshold. Also, no significant morphological alterations of the pulp and odontoblasts were observed after irradiation. Conclusion Therefore, 0.5 W (167 J/cm2) is a suitable parameter for Er:YAG laser to occlude DTs, and it is safe to the pulp tissue.
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Humans , Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Dental Occlusion , DentinABSTRACT
Objective@#To study the effects of hedysarum polybotys saccharides (HPS) and selenizated hedysarum polybotys saccharides (SE-HPS) on the oral squamous cancer cell line SCC25.@*Methods@#Different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/ml) of HPS and SE-HPS were added to SCC25 cells in the logarithmic growth stage. Cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 method, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and apoptosis-related indexes were observed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.@*Results @#The concentrations of HPS and SE-HPS inhibited the proliferation of SCC25 cells. The inhibitory effect of 50 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS on the proliferation of SCC25 cells was the strongest and was time-dependent. The inhibition effect significantly increased within 48 h, and the effect was achieved after 48 h. At the plateau stage, SE-HPS inhibited the proliferation of SCC25 cells more strongly than HPS (P < 0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that 50 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS acted on SCC25 cells for 48 h, and the apoptotic rates were 25.8% and 30.8% respectively. Compared with the control group (0 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that 50 μg/mL HPS and SE-HPS acted on SCC25 cells for 48 h, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the apoptosis gene Fas/FasL were upregulated. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@# Both HPS and SE-HPS can inhibit the proliferation of SCC25 oral cancer cells, but SE-HPS is superior to HPS and can induce apoptosis through the Fas/Fasl pathway.
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@#Dental caries are the most common and widespread biofilm-dependent oral disease. Nanotechnology promises to be a useful strategy for dental caries management by combating caries-related bacteria, decreasing biofilm accumulation, inhibiting demineralization and enhancing remineralization. Many potential applications of nanotechnology in the development of anticaries materials have recently been reported, especially for anticaries adhesive nanomaterials and anticaries nanofilled composite resins. This review summarizes the current progress in the application of functional nanoparticles in the following products: antibacterial nanomaterials, remineralizing nanomaterials and nanodrug delivery systems.
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Objective @# To investigate the current status of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in the 12- to 74-year old population in Guangdong Province with the aim of providing information to support oral health care.@*Methods @# A stratified, multistage, random sampling design was used to obtain 7 provincially representative sample groups consisting of 8, 544 Guangdong residents aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old with a 50/50 gender ratio. The status of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in the whole mouth was assessed according to the Guidelines of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey using a CPI probe. The resulting data were analyzed using the SAS9.2 package. @*Results @#The prevalence of gingival bleeding in residents aged 12, 13, 14, 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old was 43.75%, 42.76%, 49.06%, 39.38%, 81.94%, 90.97%, and 84.03%, respectively, while the average number of teeth with gingival bleeding per person was 1.95, 2.07, 2.59, 2.39, 9.62, 10.36, and 9.98, respectively. In the 12-, 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old groups, peak prevalence was observed at age 14 (P < 0.05). In the 35-74-year-old group, the prevalence and mean number of teeth with gingival bleeding per person increased with age, and both parameters reached a peak in the 55-64-year-old group. The prevalence of dental calculus in the 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, 35-44-, 55-64- and 65-74-year-old group was 40.57%, 41.09%, 45.05%, 54.84%, 98.96%, 97.22%, and 92.01%, respectively, and on average, each person had 1.61, 1.71, 2.14, 3.52, 20.30, 20.55, and 17.26 teeth, respectively, with dental calculus. The prevalence and mean number of teeth with dental calculus increased with age. In the 35- to 74- year-old group, the prevalence of dental calculus was higher in urban areas than in rural areas and the mean number of teeth with dental calculus was higher in males than in females. Otherwise, there were no significant differences in the prevalence or the mean number of teeth with dental calculus or gingival bleeding between urban and rural areas or between males and females. @*Conclusion @#There is a high prevalence of both gingival bleeding and dental calculus in all 7 age groups in Guangdong, indicating that poor oral hygiene and gingival inflammation are common in Guangdong Province.
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Objective@#To explore the dental deciduous teeth caries among 3-5-year-old children in Guangdong Province and to provide information support for oral health care of Guangdong Province. @*Methods@#A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 2 592 urban and rural residents in Guangdong. Subjects were from three different age groups (aged 3, 4 and 5), with 864 children in each group. Male and female were 1:1 in each group. An equal sized sampling with stratified multistage method was used. According to the criteria of clinical dentition examination of the fourth national oral health survey, the dental caries in deciduous teeth were recorded using CPI probe. And then the prevalence, the mean dmft (decayed-missing-filled tooth), the filled rate were calculated. @*Results @#The prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth in the three groups of aged 3, aged 4, aged 5 were 58.33%, 68.40%, and 78.47% independently; the mean dmft were 3.03, 4.34, and 5.69 independently; the filled rate were 0.92%, 1.47%, 1.26% independently. There were significant differences in the prevalence and the mean dmft between urban and rural areas and among different age groups. There was no significant difference in the prevalence regarding the gender in each group, The mean dmft in the group of aged 3 in female were higher than that in male, while no gender differences were found in the groups of aged 4 and aged 5. The prevalence and the mean dmft of 5-year-old children were higher than that in 2005. @*Conclusion@#The 3-5-year-old children of Guangdong Province had a really high prevalence of dental caries in deciduous teeth. More than 98% of the caries are unfilled, treatment need is extremely huge. The 3-5-year-old children are the main target for us to prevent the early childhood caries.
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Objective@# To explore the caries status of permanent teeth among 12-15-year-old population in Guangdong Province, and to provide information support for oral health care. @*Methods @#A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 7 680 urban and rural residents in Guangdong Province. Subjects were from four different age groups (aged 12, 13, 14 and 15), with 1 920 people in each group. An equal-sized stratified multistage randomly sampling was used, with a gender ratio of half to half in each group. According to the criteria of clinical dentition examination of the fourth national oral health survey, the crown caries of permanent teeth in the whole mouth were recorded using CPI probe. And then the prevalence, the mean DMFT (decayed-missing-filled tooth), the filled rate were calculated. @*Results @# The prevalence of crown caries in the groups of aged 12, aged 13, aged 14, aged 15 were 43.07%, 45.31%, 49.69%, 52.86%, respectively. The mean DMFTs were 1.06, 1.13, 1.38, 1.59, respectively. The filled rates were 20.19%, 21.50%, 22.86%, 21.33%, respectively. The prevalence and the mean DMFT increased with age (P < 0.001), and both were higher than that in 2005. There were significant differences in the prevalence and the mean DMFT between urban and rural areas and between male and female (P < 0.001). @*Conclusion@# According to the criteria of the mean DMFT in 12-year-old population of WHO, the severity of caries of permanent teeth in Guangdong was regarded as "very low". But the severity was higher than that in 2005, and the filled rate was low.
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Objective@#To investigate the current status of caries on permanent teeth in adult population at the age of 35⁃44 years old in Guangdong Province, thus to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral health care policies in Guangdong.@*Methods@#An equal⁃sized stratified multi⁃stage randomly sampling design was applied to obtain represen⁃ tative sample groups consisted of 288 Guangdong residents each, aged at 35⁃44 years old, with a gender ratio of half to half. The caries on the crowns and roots of permanent teeth were assessed according to The Guideline for the 4th National Oral Health Survey; thereafter the prevalence and mean DFT (decayed and filled tooth) of permanent teeth were calculat⁃ ed. The data obtained were analyzed using SAS9.2 package.@*Results@#In 35⁃44 year ⁃old population, the prevalence of crown caries was 71.18%, with a mean DFT of 2.76, and a filled rate of 36.78%; while the prevalence of root caries was 28.47%, with a mean DFT of 0.66, and a filled rate of 4.23%. The prevalence of caries of crown and root and mean DFT of crown caries were higher in countryside when compared to the urban opponents. And female had higher prevalence and mean DFT score in crown and root caries when compared to male. However, the mean DFT score of root caries in urban was almost the same as that in countryside.@*Conclusion@#There was a high level of crown caries in Guangdong. Although the prevalence of root caries is low, most of the involved roots was not filled.
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Objective @#To investigate the current status of caries on permanent teeth in a population of 55-74-year-old in Guangdong Province, thus to provide scientific basis for the establishment of oral health care policies in Guangdong. @*Methods@#An equal-sized stratified multi-stage randomly sampling design was applied to obtain representative sample groups consisted of 288 Guangdong residents each, aged at either 55-64 or 65-74 years old, with a gender ratio of half to half. The caries on the crowns and roots of permanent teeth were assessed according to "The Guideline for the 4th National Oral Health Survey"; thereafter the prevalence and mean DFT (decayed and filled tooth) of permanent teeth were calculated. @*Results @#In the population of 55-64-year-old, the prevalence of crown caries was 77.08%, with a mean DFT of 2.94, and a filled rate of 21.87%; while the prevalence of root caries was 59.38%, with a mean DFT of 1.82, and a filled rate of 9.18%; and the prevalence of residual roots was 46.18%. In the population of 65-74-year-old, the prevalence of crown caries was 81.25%, with a mean DFT of 3.45, and a filled rate of 16.40%; while the prevalence of root caries was 63.19%, with a mean DFT of 2.34, and a filled rate of 9.18%; and the prevalence of residual roots was 50.35%. In the population of 55-64-year-old, the prevalence and the mean DFT of crown caries were higher in female when compared to male. And the mean DFT of root caries were higher in countryside when compared to the urban opponents. In the population of 65-74-year-old, the female had higher mean DFT score in crown caries than that in male. And the prevalence of caries of root and mean DFT of root caries were higher in countryside than that in the urban opponents.@*Conclusion@#There was a high level of crown and root caries in Guangdong adults, while the filling rate was low, most of the involved teeth were not filled.
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Objective @# To investigate current status of periodontal health in the population at the age of 15-74 in Guangdong province and provide information for oral health care in Guangdong. @*Methods@# A stratified multistage randomly sampling design was applied to obtain 4 provincially representative sample groups consisted of 2784 Guangdong residents, aged at 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 respectively, with a gender ratio of half to half. The status of probing depth (PD) and loss of attachment (LOA) of the whole mouth were assessed according to the Guideline for the fourth National Oral Health Survey by using a CPI probe, and the data obtained were analyzed with SAS9.2 package.@*Results @#The prevalence of shallow periodontal pocket in the 15, 35-44, 55-64 and 65-74 years old group were 0.52%, 38.54%, 49.65%, 47.22% with 0.02, 2.05, 3.74, 2.80 affected teeth on average. The corresponding percentages of deep periodontal pocket in the 4 groups were 0.05%, 3.47%, 15.97%, 9.03% with 0, 0.07, 0.31, 0.16 affected teeth on average. Prevalence and the mean affected teeth of 4-5 mm LOA were 0.10%, 26.74%, 33.68%, 35.07% and 0, 1.54, 4.33, 4.05. The prevalence and the mean affected teeth of 6-8 mm LOA were 0, 6.94%, 32.29%, 27.08% and 0, 0.24, 1.23, 0.97. The prevalence of LOA≥4 mm were 0.10%, 35.07%, 79.17%, 74.65% and the prevalence of LOA≥6 mm were 0, 8.33%, 45.49%, 39.58%. In the 35-74 years old group, the prevalence and the mean teeth with PD and LOA increased with age and reached a peak in 55-64 years old group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the prevalence and the mean teeth of PD and LOA between urban and rural areas. The mean teeth of PD in 35-44 and 55-64 years old groups were significant higher in the male than the female. The prevalence and the mean teeth with LOA were both significant higher in the male than the female.@*Conclusion @#The periodontal diseases indications are common in 35-74 years old people and most necessary at the age of 55-64 in Guangdong. The periodontal health may have extensive influence on oral health status in the middle-aged and the elder population in Guangdong.