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Cholesterol metabolism is vital for the progression of prostate cancer (PCa), especially in the occurrence and development. Statins can affect the progression of PCa by reducing cholesterol. This paper will review how cholesterol metabolism affects the progression of PCa.
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Objective@#To gain a better understanding of the emotional and behavioral problems associated determinants of primary and middle school students from Guangdong Province during the COVID-19 pandemic, so as to provide a basis for developing targeted intervention strategies.@*Methods@#Using the method of convenience sampling, an online questionnaire survey was carried out among primary and middle school students from Guangzhou, Zhanjiang and Zhongshan from March to April 2020. The emotional and behavioral problems of primary and middle school students were assessed using the Conners Parental Symptoms Questionnaire(PSQ), and a self compiled questionnaire was used to collect basic information related to the primary and middle school students and the influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems. A total of 7 755 valid questionnaires were retrieved and statistically analyzed using the chi square test and multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17-years-old in Guangdong Province was 14.8%; that was 21.0%, 14.4%, 7.3 %, and 10.1% in lower primary school students, upper primary school students, junior high school students, and high school students, respectively. The detection rate of the psychosomatic and hyperactivity index in boys was higher than that observed in girls, and the detection rate of anxiety in boys was lower than that observed in girls( P <0.05). There were statistically significant differences in emotional and behavioral problems in children in different grades( P <0.05). The results of the regression analysis showed that male students were at risk of psychosomatic ( OR= 1.37 , 95%CI =1.04-1.82) and hyperactivity disorders( OR=1.58, 95%CI =1.21-2.06), whereas the male gender was a protective factor for anxiety( OR=0.50, 95%CI =0.39-0.64). Grades were identified as the influencing factors of all of the factors related to emotional and behavioral problems. Students who reported excessive screen time and insufficient sleep were more likely to experience emotional and behavioral problems.@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems among primary and middle school students in Guangdong Province during the COVID-19 epidemic was high, which was associated with sex, grade, screen time and sleep. It is necessary to develop and implement targeted intervention measures.
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Objective To assess the correlation of serum uric acid (SUA) and microalbuminuria (MAU) with chronic vascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The study enrolled 892 T2DM patients. The association of different SUA and MAU levels with the incidence of chronic vascular disease was evaluated. Chronic vascular disease included coronary artery disease (CAD),cerebrovascular disease (CVD),diabetic nephropathy (DN),diabetic retinopathy (DR),and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Results With increasing levels of SUA and MAU,the incidence of chronic vascular disease increased. In addition,the level of SUA was positively correlated with the incidence of CAD,CVD,DN,DR,DPN,and total chronic vascular disease,while the MAU level was positively associated with the incidence of CAD,CVD,DR,DPN,and total chronic vascular disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SUA level was an independent predictive risk factor for patients with concurrent CAD,CVD,DN,DR,DPN,and total chronic vascular disease,and MAU level independently predicted the risk of CAD and CVD. Conclusion The levels of SUA and MAU may be reliable biomarkers for prediction of the risk of chronic vascular disease in T2DM patients.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of irbesartan treatment on progression of nephropathy in patients with concurrent diabet-ic nephropathy (DN) and high blood pressure (HBP).Methods This study enrolled 180 patients with DN and HBP in a single-center,randomized,parallel group clinical trial.All patients were randomized in a 1 ∶ 1 ratio to irbesartan and amlodipine groups,using a software-generated block randomization method.Results After 12 months of treatment,the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the irbesartan group was markedly lower than in the amlodipine group (P =0.026).When grouped according to the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Epidemiology Collaboration equation,results showed that in stage 1-2 CKD and stage 3 CKD patients,reductions in eGFR in the irbesartan group were notably less than in the amlodipine group (P =0.009 and P =0.028,respectively).At 12 months,the decrease in urinary protein excretion (g/24 h) in the irbesartan group was obviously greater than in the amlodipine group (P ＜ 0.001);however,no difference in reduction of systolic and diastolic BP was found between groups (P =0.534 and P =0.386,respectively).Conclusion Irbesartan can ameliorate the progression of nephropathy in patients with concurrent DN and HBP to some extent.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Very limited data are available on factors predictive of corticosteroids plus cyclophosphamide treatment efficacy on IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The aim of the study was to research the clinical factors predictive of treatment efficacy in IgAN.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fifty-nine patients with IgAN (proteinuria ≥2 g/d and estimated glomerular filtration rate 30-89 ml×min(-1)×1.73 m(-2)) were treated with corticosteroids/cyclophosphamide followed by a 12-month follow-up. According to their response, these patients were divided into remission group (proteinuria <0.5 g/d) and non-remission group (proteinuria ≥0.5 g/d), and their clinical data collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the present study, 72.96% of the individuals underwent a complete remission, and their response was related to baseline proteinuria, urinary osmotic pressure, and renal function (P < 0.05). Patients with baseline proteinuria more than 3 g/d, urinary osmotic pressure greater than 600 mOsm/L, and eGFR 60-89 ml×min(-1)×1.73 m(-2) responded well to the combination of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide (86.90% vs. 57.33%, P = 0.000; 81.48% vs. 64.10%, P = 0.014; 83.17% vs. 55.17%, P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The response to the combination of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide might be well associated with baseline proteinuria, urinary osmotic pressure, and renal function in patients with IgAN.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Therapeutic Uses , Cyclophosphamide , Therapeutic Uses , Glomerulonephritis, IGA , Drug Therapy , Kidney , Physiology , Osmotic Pressure , Physiology , Proteinuria , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
Objective To explore the potential relationship between the mast cells (MCs) in renal interstitium and the renal interstitial fibrosis in lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Renal biopsy specimens from patients with types Ⅲ,Ⅳand Vof LN (n=10, respectively), and with minimal change diseases (n=11,as control) were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluorescence double-staining were used to detect the amount of MCs, the expression of proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) and collagen type I (Col I ) in the renal tissues. Results The amount of MCs in renal interstitium, the positive areas of PAR-2 and TGF-?1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), the amount of PAR-2-positive cells and TGF-?1-positive cells in renal interstitium, and the positive areas of Col I in the renal inter stitium were all higher in three LN groups compared with those in control. Furthermore, among the three LN groups, the above-mentioned parameters were the highest in type Ⅳ and second in type Ⅲ.There were significant positive correlations between the amount of MCs in renal interstitium and the positive areas of PAR-2, TGF-?1 in RTECs as well as the positive areas of Col I in renal interstitium (r=0.513, 0.508, 0.611, respectively, P
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Objective To explore the potential relationship between tryplase-positive mast cells (MCs) infiltration and renal interstitial fibrosis in acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and chronic interstitial nephritis (CIN). Methods Renal biopsy specimens from patients with AIN (n=11) and CIN (n=16) were studied and 11 patients in minimal change diseases (MM)were as controls. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry staining assay were applied to delect the expression of tryptase, proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), TGF-?1 and collagen type I (Col I )in the renal tissues. Immunofluo-rescence double-staining assay was used to assess the relationship among MCs, PAR-2-positive cells, and TGF-?1-positive cells in the renal interstitium respectively. Results MCs in AIN and CIN were significantly increased compared with those in controls and were mainly scattered in the fibrotic areas of renal interstitium. The relative immunostaining areas for PAR-2, TGF-?1 in the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and Col I were significantly larger in AIN and CIN than those in controls respectively (P