Melatonin inhibits arrhythmias induced by increased late sodium currents in ventricular myocytes / 药学学报

Melatonin (Mel) has been shown to have cardioprotective effects, but its action on ion channels is unclear. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Mel on late sodium currents (INa.L) in mouse ventricular myocytes and the anti-arrhythmic effect at the organ level as well as its mechanism. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was applied to record the ionic currents and action potential (AP) in mouse ventricular myocytes while the electrocardiogram (ECG) and monophasic action potential (MAP) were recorded simultaneously in mouse hearts using a multichannel acquisition and analysis system. The results demonstrated that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Mel on transient sodium current (INa.T) and specific INa.L opener 2 nmol·L-1 sea anemone toxins II (ATX II) increased INa.L were 686.615 and 7.37 μmol·L-1, respectively. Mel did not affect L-type calcium current (ICa.L), transient outward current (Ito), and AP. In addition, 16 μmol·L-1 Mel shortened ATX II-prolonged action potential duration (APD), suppressed ATX II-induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs), and significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. In conclusion, Mel exerted its antiarrhythmic effects principally by blocking INa.L, thus providing a significant theoretical basis for new clinical applications of Mel. Animal welfare and experimental process are in accordance with the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (2023130).

The prognostic and predictive value of plasma D-dimer in children with neuroblastoma: a 7-year retrospective analysis at a single institution

Purpose@#Elevated plasma D-dimer level is a poor prognostic factor for many solid tumors. However, limited research has been conducted on D-dimer in children with neuroblastoma (NB), and its clinical significance remains unclear. The present study investigated the clinical and prognostic significance of D-dimer in pediatric NB patients. @*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of all newly admitted NB patients was conducted from January 2014 to December 2020.Baseline clinicopathological features, preoperative laboratory parameters, and follow-up information were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the relationship between D-dimer level, clinical features, and the prognostic value. @*Results@#Among 266 patients, the median value of D-dimer was 2.98 ng/mL, of which 132 patients showed elevated D-dimer levels before surgery (>2.98 ng/mL). Univariate analysis revealed that elevated D-dimer was significantly associated with age, hemoglobin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, neuron-specific enolase, 24-hour vanillylmandelic acid, overall survival, and so on (P < 0.05). Patients with elevated D-dimer levels had shorter median overall survival time when compared with normal D-dimer levels (P = 0.01). The prognosis was better in patients with normal D-dimer levels when combined with lower age, ganglioneuroblastoma tumor type, lower stage on International Neuroblastoma Staging System, low-risk group, and without bone metastasis or bone marrow metastasis. The continuous increase of D-dimer level after treatment indicated tumor recurrence or progression. @*Conclusion@#A high D-dimer level is associated with low overall survival, and an elevated D-dimer level after treatment indicates tumor recurrence and progression. D-dimer can be used as one of the evaluation factors for NB treatment or prognosis.

Effects of three-dimensional bioprinting antibacterial hydrogel on full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To explore the effects of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel loaded with nano silver on full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats. Methods: The experimental research method was adopted. The morphology, particle diameter, and distribution of silver nanoparticles in nano silver solution with different mass concentrations and the pore structure of silver-containing GelMA hydrogel with different final mass fractions of GelMA were observed by scanning electron microscope and the pore size was calculated. On treatment day 1, 3, 7, and 14, the concentration of nano silver released from the hydrogel containing GelMA with final mass fraction of 15% and nano silver with final mass concentration of 10 mg/L was detected by mass spectrometer. At 24 h of culture, the diameters of inhibition zone of GelMA hydrogel containing final mass concentration of 0 (no nano silver), 25, 50, and 100 mg/L nano silver against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were detected. Fibroblasts (Fbs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) were isolated respectively by enzymatic digestion using the discarded prepuce after circumcision from a 5-year-old healthy boy who was treated in the Department of Urology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in July 2020, and the discarded fat tissue after liposuction from a 23-year-old healthy woman who was treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the Hospital in July 2020. The Fbs were divided into blank control group (culture medium only), 2 mg/L nano sliver group, 5 mg/L nano sliver group, 10 mg/L nano sliver group, 25 mg/L nano sliver group, and 50 mg/L nano sliver group, which were added with the corresponding final mass concentrations of nano sliver solution, respectively. At 48 h of culture, the Fb proliferation viability was detected by cell counting kit 8 method. The Fbs were divided into 0 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, 10 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, and 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group and then were correspondingly treated. On culture day 1, 3, and 7, the Fb proliferation viability was detected as before. The ASCs were mixed into GelMA hydrogel and divided into 3D bioprinting group and non-printing group. On culture day 1, 3, and 7, the ASC proliferation viability was detected as before and cell growth was observed by live/dead cell fluorescence staining. The sample numbers in the above experiments were all 3. Four full-thickness skin defect wounds were produced on the back of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 to 6 weeks. The wounds were divided into hydrogel alone group, hydrogel/nano sliver group, hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group, and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group, and transplanted with the corresponding scaffolds, respectively. On post injury day (PID) 4, 7, 14, and 21, the wound healing was observed and the wound healing rate was calculated (n=6). On PID 7 and 14, histopathological changes of wounds were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining (n=6). On PID 21, collagen deposition of wounds was observed by Masson staining (n=3). Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, analysis of variance for repeated measurement, Bonferroni correction, and independent sample t test. Results: The sliver nano particles in nano silver solution with different mass concentrations were all round, in scattered distribution and uniform in size. The silver-containing GelMA hydrogels with different final mass fractions of GelMA all showed pore structures of different sizes and interconnections. The pore size of silver-containing GelMA hydrogel with 10% final mass fraction was significantly larger than that of silver-containing GelMA hydrogels with 15% and 20% final mass fractions (with P values both below 0.05). On treatment day 1, 3, and 7, the concentration of nano silver released from silver-containing GelMA hydrogel in vitro showed a relatively flat trend. On treatment day 14, the concentration of released nano silver in vitro increased rapidly. At 24 h of culture, the diameters of inhibition zone of GelMA hydrogel containing 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L nano silver against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were 0, 0, 0.7, and 2.1 mm and 0, 1.4, 3.2, and 3.3 mm, respectively. At 48 h of culture, the proliferation activity of Fbs in 2 mg/L nano silver group and 5 mg/L nano silver group was both significantly higher than that in blank control group (P<0.05), and the proliferation activity of Fbs in 10 mg/L nano silver group, 25 mg/L nano silver group, and 50 mg/L nano silver group was all significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with the that of Fbs in 0 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group, the proliferation activity of Fbs in 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group and 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was all significantly decreased on culture day 1 (P<0.05); the proliferation activity of Fbs in 50 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the proliferation activity of Fbs in 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly decreased on culture day 3 (P<0.05); the proliferation activity of Fbs in 100 mg/L silver-containing GelMA hydrogel group was significantly decreased on culture day 7 (P<0.05). The proliferation activity of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group show no statistically significant differences to that in non-printing group on culture day 1 (P>0.05). The proliferation activity of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group was significantly higher than that in non-printing group on culture day 3 and 7 (with t values of 21.50 and 12.95, respectively, P<0.05). On culture day 1, the number of dead ASCs in 3D bioprinting group was slightly more than that in non-printing group. On culture day 3 and 5, the majority of ASCs in 3D bioprinting group and non-printing group were living cells. On PID 4, the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group had more exudation, and the wounds of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were dry without obvious signs of infection. On PID 7, there was still a small amount of exudation on the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group, while the wounds of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver group and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were dry and scabbed. On PID 14, the hydrogels on the wound surface of rats in the four groups all fell off. On PID 21, a small area of wounds remained unhealed in hydrogel alone group. On PID 4 and 7, the wound healing rates of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.05). On PID 14, the wound healing rate of rats in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group was significantly higher than the wound healing rates in hydrogel alone group and hydrogel/nano sliver group (all P<0.05). On PID 21, the wound healing rate of rats in hydrogel alone group was significantly lower than that in hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group (P<0.05). On PID 7, the hydrogels on the wound surface of rats in the four groups remained in place; on PID 14, the hydrogel in hydrogel alone group was separated from the wounds of rats, while some hydrogels still existed in the new tissue of the wounds of rats in the other three groups. On PID 21, the collagen arrangement in the wounds of rats in hydrogel alone group was out of order, while the collagen arrangement in the wounds of rats in hydrogel/nano sliver group, and hydrogel scaffold/nano sliver/ASC group was relatively orderly. Conclusions: Silver-containing GelMA hydrogel has good biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Its three-dimensional bioprinted double-layer structure can better integrate with new formed tissue in the full-thickness skin defect wounds in rats and promote wound healing.

Clinical characteristics of cardiomyopathy with coronary artery disease in children / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of cardiomyopathy with coronary artery disease in children and explore the application value of multi-slice spiral CT coronary angiography(MSCTA) in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy in children.Methods:Patients diagnosed with cardiomyopathy who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology at Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022 and had complete cardiac imaging data were selected as the study subjects.The demographic characteristics, general clinical and cardiac imaging data of the patients were collected for systematic retrospective analysis.Results:Among 93 patients included in this study, dilated cardiomyopathy was the most common(34.4%, 32/93). MSCTA detected 17 cases(18.3%, 17/93) of high coronary opening, ten cases (10.8%, 10/93) of myocardial bridge, and nine cases (9.7%, 9/93) of coronary disease were detected by echocardiography.Compared with echocardiography, MSCTA had a higher detection rate of abnormal coronary artery origin and myocardial bridge, and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.05). Conclusion:Children′s cardiomyopathy can be complicated with coronary artery disease.MSCTA has great application value in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

Clinical analysis of 208 children with congenital coronary artery origin abnormalities / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To describe the clinical features and prognosis of congenital anomalous origin of coronary artery(AOCA) in children to increase our understanding of the disease.Methods:This retrospective study included children diagnosed with AOCA using computed tomography coronary angiography(CTCA) admitted to the Department of Cardiology, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019.The clinical presentations, laboratory results, imaging analyses, treatments, and prognoses of these patients were analyzed.Results:A total of 208 children, including 105 boys and 103 girls, we evaluated the ages(9.03±4.18)years old with AOCA.Of these, 157 cases(75.5%) presented with cardiac symptoms, such as chest tightness, palpitations, dizziness, syncope, fatigue, and decreased endurance.Three cases(1.4%) had atypical symptoms of paroxysmal crying, dyspnoea and cyanosis, and 48 cases(23.1%) were asymptomatic.Levels of serological markers of myocardial injury were elevated in 59 cases(28.4%), and 140 cases(67.3%) had predominant ST-T abnormalities on electrocardiograms.Transthoracic echocardiography identified 27 cases (13%) with cardiac enlargement and ten cases(4.8%) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.There were 126 cases(60.6%) with the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery revealed by CTCA, 50 cases(24.0%) with the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery and 32 cases(15.4%) with bilateral coronary arteries of anomalous origin.Five children underwent surgical treatment, and the remaining 203 children were treated conservatively with drugs.The whole group was successfully treated, and no death case was recorded during the follow-up period.Conclusion:AOCA may cause different degrees of myocardial ischemia.Diverse clinical presentations and diagnostic limitations of transthoracic echocardiography often lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.In contrast, CTCA has high diagnostic accuracy and can be used to identify the location and course of the coronary ostia.Hence, the management of AOCA should be tailored on a case-to-case basis, taking into consideration of the specific type of coronary origin, with surgical intervention being warranted if necessary.

Clinical characteristics of oral Propranolol in the treatment of 4 patients with PHACES syndrome and literature review / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To summarize the clinical data and imaging characteristics of patients with PHACES syndrome treated with oral Propranolol.Methods:The clinical data of 4 cases of PHACES syndrome treated with oral Propranolol in Children′s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from October 2018 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Relevant studies reporting the treatment of PHACES with Propranolol were retrieved in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Data.Results:Three cases of the 4 patients with PHACES syndrome treated with Propranolol obtained relieved symptoms of facial hemangioma, and 1 case died due to late treatment, complication of severe cardiovascular malformation, and treatment abandonment by parents.A total of 7 clinical studies on the use of Propranolol in the treatment of PHACES were retrieved, including 6 retrospective studies and 1 observational study.Most studies have shown that Propranolol is well tolerated in the treatment of PHACES syndrome, and most of cases have relieved facial hemangioma.The main factors affecting the prognosis are the degree of damage to middle and small arteries such at brain, aorta, chest and neck.Propranolol treatment can improve the prognosis.Conclusions:Oral Propranolol is currently the first-line treatment for PHACES syndrome, and most patients tolerate oral Propranolol well.

Forecasting the burden of disease from diabetes under the scenarios of specific risk factors control in China in 2030 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To forecast mortality, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes, and to simulate the impact of controlling risk factors by 2030 in China. Methods: We simulated the burden of disease from diabetes in six scenarios according to the development goals of risk factors control by the WHO and Chinese government. Based on the theory of comparative risk assessment and the estimates of the burden of disease for China from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, we used the proportional change model to project the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes under different scenarios of risk factors control in 2030. Results: If the trends in exposures to risk factors from 1990 to 2015 continued. Mortality, age-standardized mortality, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes would increase to 32.57/100 000, 17.32/100 000, and 0.84% by 2030, respectively. During that time, mortality, age-standardized mortality and probability of premature mortality for males would all be higher than for females. If the goals of controlling risk factors were all achieved, the number of deaths from diabetes in 2030 would decrease by 62.10% compared to the predicted numbers based on the historical trends in exposure to risk factors, and the probability of premature mortality would drop to 0.29%. If only the exposure to a single risk factor were achieved by 2030, high fasting plasma glucose control would have the greatest impact on diabetes, resulting in a 56.00% reduction in deaths compared to the predicted numbers based on the historical trends, followed by high BMI (4.92%), smoking (0.65%), and low physical activity (0.53%). Conclusions: Risk factors control plays an important role in reducing the number of deaths, age-standardized mortality rate, and probability of premature mortality from diabetes. We suggest taking comprehensive measures to control relevant risk factors for certain populations and regions, to achieve the goal of reducing the burden of disease from diabetes as expected.

Study on related factors and characteristics of multimorbidity of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children in Hunan Province / 中华预防医学杂志

From January 2019 to December 2021, overweight and obese children who visited in health outpatient Center of Hunan Children's Hospital were studied to explore and analyze the rate, related factors and patterns of multimorbidity of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children in Hunan Province. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the multimorbidity-related factors of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. Association rules (apriori algorithm) were used to explore the multimorbidity patterns of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. A total of 725 overweight and obese children were included in this study. The multimorbidity rate of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children was 46.07% (334/725). Age, waist circumference, the frequency of food consumption such as hamburgers and fries and adding meals before bedtime were multimorbidity-related factors of overweight and obesity-related diseases in children. The multimorbidity associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was relatively common. The patterns with the top three support degrees were "NAFLD+dyslipidemia","NAFLD+hypertension" and "NAFLD+hyperuricemia". The patterns with the top three confidence and elevation degrees were "Hypertension+dyslipidemia => NAFLD","Hyperuricemia => NAFLD" and "NAFLD+hypertension => dyslipidemia".

A real world study of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody in the treatment of allergic united airway disease / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (omazumab) in the treatment of allergic united airway disease (UAD) in the real-wold. Methods: Retrospective cohort study summarizes the case data of patients with allergic united airway disease who were treated with anti IgE monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) for more than 16 weeks from March 1, 2018 to June 30, 2022 in the Peking University First Hospital.The allergic UAD is defined as allergic asthma combined with allergic rhinitis (AA+AR) or allergic asthma combined with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (AA+CRSwNP) or allergic asthma combined with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps (AA+AR+CRSwNP). The control of asthma was evaluated by asthma control test (ACT), lung function test and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). The AR was assessed by total nasal symptom score (TNSS). The CRSwNP was evaluated by nasal visual analogue scale (n-VAS), sino-nasal outcome test-22 (SNOT-22), nasal polyps score (TPS) and Lund-Mackay sinus CT grading system. The global evaluation of omalizumab for the treatment of allergic UADwas performed by Global Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness(GETE).The drug-related side effects were also recorded. Matched t test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare the score changes of IgE monoclonal antibody (omazumab) before and after treatment, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of IgE monoclonal antibody (omazumab) response. Results: A total of 117 patients with UAD were enrolled, ranging in age from 19 to 77 years; The median age of patients was 48.7 years; Among them, 60 were male, ranging from 19 to 77 years old, with a median age of 49.9 years; There were 57 females, ranging from 19 to 68 years old, with a median age of 47.2 years. There were 32 cases in AA+AR subgroup, 59 cases in AA+CRSwNP subgroup, and 26 cases in AA+AR+CRSwNP subgroup. The total serum IgE level was 190.5 (103.8,391.3) IU/ml. The treatment course of anti IgE monoclonal antibody was 24 (16, 32) weeks. Compared with pre-treatment, omalizumab increased ACT from 20.0 (19.5,22.0) to 24.0 (23.0,25.0) (Z=-8.537, P<0.001), increased pre-bronchodilator FEV1 from 90.2 (74.8,103.0)% predicted value to 95.4 (83.2,106.0)% predicted value (Z=-5.315,P<0.001), increased FEV1/FVC from 80.20 (66.83,88.38)% to 82.72 (71.26,92.25)% (Z=-4.483,P<0.001), decreased FeNO from(49.1±24.8) ppb to (32.8±24.4) ppb (t=5.235, P<0.001), decreased TNSS from (6.5±2.6)to (2.4±1.9) (t=14.171, P<0.001), decreased n-VAS from (6.8±1.2) to (3.4±2.0)(t=14.448, P<0.001), decreased SNOT-22 from (40.0±7.9) to (21.3±10.2)(t=15.360, P<0.001), decreased TPS from (4.1±0.8) to (2.4±1.0)(t=14.718, P<0.001) and decreased Lund-Mackay CT score from (6.0±1.3) to (3.1±1.6)(t=17.012, P<0.001). The global response rate to omalizumab was 67.5%(79/117). The response rate in AA+AR (90.6%,29/32) was significantly higher than that in AA+CRSwNP (61.0%,36/59) and AA+AR+CRSwNP (53.8%,14/26) subgroups (χ2=11.144,P=0.004). Only 4 patients (3.4%,4/117) had mild side effects. Conclusion: The real-world study showed favorable effectiveness and safety of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody for treatment of allergic UAD. To provide basis for preventing the progress and precise treatment of allergic UAD.

Comparison of clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of Conbercept and Aflibercept in the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy of conbercept and aflibercept in the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration(wARMD)based on 4 consecutive intravitreal injections.METHODS: The clinical data of 108 patients(108 eyes)who were diagnosed as wARMD and treated with intravitreal injection at our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into conbercept group(54 cases, 54 eyes)and aflibercept group(54 cases, 54 eyes)according to the different injectable drugs. All patients received intravitreal injection once a month, with four consecutive injections. Follow up for 12mo to observe best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central macular thickness(CMT), complications and recurrence before and after injection.RESULTS: BCVA and CMT of patients in the two groups at 1, 2, 5 and 8mo after injection had no between-group differences(P&#x0026;#x003E;0.05), but both were significantly improved compared with those before injection(P&#x0026;#x003C;0.05). By the end of follow-up, conjunctival hemorrhage occurred in 2 eyes of the conbercept group at the early stage, and increased intraocular pressure and conjunctival hemorrhage occurred respectively in 2 eyes of the aflibercept group. There were no serious complications related to drug injection such as retinal detachment, complicated cataract, endophthalmitis and retinal pigment epithelial tear in the two groups, and there was no difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups(7% vs. 6%, P=1.000).CONCLUSION: On the basis of continuous 4 times of intravitreal injection, both conbercept and aflibercept are safe and effective in the treatment of wARMD, and the efficacy is even.

Study of Typical Functional Failure and Mechanical Properties of Non-absorbable Suture Anchor / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the mechanical properties related to the typical functional failure modes of non-absorbable suture anchor in clinical use, and to support product design, development and verification.@*METHODS@#By retrieving the database of relevant adverse events, the typical functional failure modes of non-absorbable suture anchor were summarized, and the influencing factors of functional failure were further analyzed by studying the mechanical properties related to functional failure. The publicly available test data was retrieved for verification and provided reference for the researchers.@*RESULTS@#The typical functional failure modes of non-absorbable suture anchor include anchor failure, suture failure, fix loosening, inserter failure, which are related to the mechanical properties of products, such as screw-in torque and break torque of screw-in anchors, insertion force of knock-in anchors, suture strength, pull-out force before and after system fatigue test and elongation of sutures after fatigue test.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Enterprises should pay attention to improving the mechanical performance level of products through material, structural design and the suture weaving process to ensure the safety and effectiveness of products.

A cross-sectional study on the prevalence rate and influencing factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight/obese children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the prevalence rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in overweight/obese children who visit a hospital, and to explore the influencing factors of NAFLD, in order to provide a basis for the prevention of NAFLD in overweight/obese children.@*METHODS@#Overweight/obese children who visited Hunan Children's Hospital from June 2019 to September 2021 were recruited. The prevalence rate of NAFLD was examined. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the development of NAFLD [non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the influencing factors for NAFL and NASH.@*RESULTS@#A total of 844 overweight/obese children aged 6-17 years were enrolled. The prevalence rate of NAFLD in overweight/obese children was 38.2% (322/844), among which the prevalence rates of NAFL and NASH were 28.8% (243/844) and 9.4% (79/844), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with the development of NAFL and NASH (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the combined measurement of WHR and HDL-C had a predictive value for NAFL (area under the curve: 0.653, 95%CI: 0.613-0.694), and for NASH (area under the curve: 0.771, 95%CI: 0.723-0.819).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence rate of NAFLD in overweight/obese children who visit a hospital is high. WHR and HDL-C are associated with the development of NAFLD and the combined measurement of WHR and HDL-C has a certain value for predicating the development of NAFLD.

Chemical components of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex of different origins and with different tree ages before and after being processed with ginger juice:a qualitative and quantitative analysis / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the impact of ginger juice on chemical profile of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex(MOC) when they were processed together. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used for qualitative analysis of the chemical component of MOC samples before and after being processed with ginger juice. UPLC was performed to observe the content variation of eight main components in processed MOC. A total of 174 compounds were identified or tentatively deduced from processed and unprocessed MOC samples according to MS data obtained in positive and negative ion mode. After MOC was processed with ginger juice, the peak areas of most phenolics increased, while the peak areas of most phenylethanoid glycosides decreased; as for neolignans, oxyneolignans, other lignans and alkaloids, changes in the peak area were variable, and the peak areas of terpenoid-lignans varied little. Additionally, gingerols and diarylheptanoids were only detected in the processed MOC sample. The contents of syringin, magnoloside A, and magnoloside B decreased significantly in the processed MOC sample while no significant difference was observed in the contents of magnoflorine, magnocurarine, honokiol, obovatol, and magnolol. This study comprehensively explored the content variation of chemical components in processed and unprocessed MOC samples derived from different regions and with different tree ages using UPLC and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and summarized the variation characteristics of various compounds. The results provide a data foundation for further research on pharmacodynamic substances of MOC processed with ginger juice.

Prediction on the burden of disease of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and simulation of the effectiveness of controlling risk factors in China by 2030 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To forecast the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China by 2030 and evaluate the effectiveness of controlling risk factors based on the predictive model. Methods: Based on the relationship between the death of COPD and exposure to risk factors and the theory of comparative risk assessment, we used the estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD2015) for China, targets for controlling risk factors, and proportion change model to project the number of deaths, standardized mortality rate, and probability of premature mortality from chronic respiratory diseases by 2030 in different scenarios and to evaluate the impact of controlling the included risk factors to the disease burden of COPD in 2030. Results: If the trends in exposure to risk factors from 1990 to 2015 continued, the number of deaths and the mortality for COPD would be 1.06 million and 73.85 per 100 000 population in China by 2030, respectively, with an increase of 15.81% and 10.69% compared to those in 2015. Compared to 2015, the age-standardized mortality rate would decrease by 38.88%, and the premature mortality would reduce by 52.73% by 2030. If the smoking rate and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration separately achieve their control targets by 2030, there would be 0.34 and 0.27 million deaths that could be avoided compared to the predicted numbers based on the natural trends in exposure to risk factors and the probability of premature death would reduce to 0.59% and 0.52%, respectively. If the control targets of all included risk factors were achieved by 2030, a total of 0.53 million deaths would be averted, and the probability of premature death would decrease to 0.44%. Conclusions: If the exposures to risk factors continued as showed from 1990 to 2015, the number of deaths and mortality for COPD would increase by 2030 compared to 2015, and the standardized mortality and the probability of premature death would decrease significantly, which would achieve the targets of preventing and controlling COPD. If the exposure to the included risk factors all achieved the targets by 2030, the burden of COPD would be reduced, suggesting that the control of tobacco use and air pollution should be enhanced to prevent and control COPD.

Prediction of disease burden caused by malignant cancer in the context of risk factor control in China, 2030 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To predict the number of deaths, standardized mortality and probability of premature mortality caused by malignant cancer in the context of risk factor control at different levels in China in 2030, and assess the possibility of achieving the target of reducing the probability of premature mortality of malignant cancer. Methods: According to the risk factor control standard for malignant cancer used both at home and abroad, the results of China from Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 were used to calculate the population attributable fraction of the risk factors. Based on the comparative risk assessment theory, the deaths of malignant cancer were classified as attributable deaths and un-attributable deaths. Proportional change model was used to predict risk factor exposure and un-attributable deaths of malignant cancer in the future, then the number of deaths, standardized mortality rate and probability of premature mortality of malignant cancer in 2030 was estimated. Data analyses were performed by using software R 3.6.1. Results: If the risk factor exposure level during 1990-2015 remains, the number of deaths, standardized mortality rate, and probability of premature mortality of malignant cancer would increase to 3.62 million, 153.96/100 000 and 8.92% by 2030, respectively. If the risk factor exposure control level meets the requirement, the probability of premature mortality from cancer in people aged 30-70 years would drop to 7.57% by 2030. Conclusions: The control of risk factor exposure will play an important role in reducing deaths, standardized mortality rate and probability of premature mortality of malignant cancer. But more efforts are needed to achieve the goals of Health China Action.

Prediction on the cardio-cerebrovascular death and probability of premature death caused by common risk factors in China in 2030 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: Predictive models were used to evaluate the impact of common risk factors on the number of cardio-cerebrovascular deaths and the probability of premature death. Methods: Using the data for China estimated by the Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (GBD 2015), we calculated the population attribution fraction (PAF) of risk factors. The proportional change model was used to estimate the number of unattributable deaths by 2030, and to predict the number of deaths, mortality, standardized mortality and probability of premature death by 2030. Results: According to the natural change trend of risk factors from 1990 to 2015, the number of deaths and mortality would reach 6.12 million and 428.53/100 000 by 2030, with an increase of 59.92% and 52.87%. By 2030, the probability of premature death from cardio-cerebrovascular diseases among Chinese aged 30-70 years old would continue to decline, from 11.43% to 11.28% for men, and from 5.79% to 4.43% for women. If the goals of all included risk factors were reached by 2030, 2 289 200 cardio-cerebrovascular deaths would be avoided. If only the exposure to a single risk factor was achieved by 2030, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fine particulate matter exposure were the three most important factors affecting cardio-cerebrovascular deaths, which would reduce 1 332 800, 609 100 and 306 800 deaths, respectively. Among the involved risk factors, the control of blood pressure would mostly decrease the number of deaths due to ischemic heart disease and hemorrhagic stroke, about 677 300 and 391 100 deaths, accordingly. Conclusion: The control of risk factors is of great significance in reducing deaths and probability of premature death due to cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. If the control targets of all risk factors could be achieved by 2030, the burden of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases would be reduced greatly.

Construction of a nomogram prediction model for pathological complete response (pCR) of ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer with first diagnosis of ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To develop a predictive model for pathologic complete response (pCR) of ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes (ISLN) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and guide the local treatment. Methods: Two hundred and eleven consecutive breast cancer patients with first diagnosis of ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis who underwent ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node dissection and treated in the Breast Department of Henan Cancer Hospital from September 2012 to May 2019 were included. One hundred and forty two cases were divided into the training set while other 69 cases into the validation set. The factors affecting ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node pCR (ispCR)of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram prediction model of ispCR was established. Internal and external validation evaluation of the nomogram prediction model were conducted by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and plotting calibration curves. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that Ki-67 index, number of axillary lymph node metastases, breast pCR, axillary pCR, and ISLN size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with ispCR of breast cancerafter neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of axillary lymph node metastases (OR=5.035, 95%CI: 1.722-14.721, P=0.003), breast pCR (OR=4.662, 95%CI: 1.456-14.922, P=0.010) and ISLN size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR=4.231, 95%CI: 1.194-14.985, P=0.025) were independent predictors of ispCR of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A nomogram prediction model of ispCR of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was constructed using five factors: number of axillary lymph node metastases, Ki-67 index, breast pCR, axillary pCR and size of ISLN after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The areas under the ROC curve for the nomogram prediction model in the training and validation sets were 0.855 and 0.838, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.755). The 3-year disease-free survival rates of patients in the ispCR and non-ispCR groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were 64.3% and 54.8%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P=0.024), the 3-year overall survival rates were 83.8% and 70.2%, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.087). Conclusions: Disease free survival is significantly improved in breast cancer patients with ispCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The constructed nomogram prediction model of ispCR of breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is well fitted. Application of this prediction model can assist the development of local management strategies for the ipsilateral supraclavicular region after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and predict the long-term prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Comparison of Ranibizumab and Conbercept combined with photodynamic therapy in the treatment of polypoid choroidal vascular disease / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the effects of ranibizumab and conbercept combined with photodynamic therapy(PDT)on vision and hemorheology of polypoid choroidal vascular(PCV)lesions. <p>METHODS: Prospective research. A total of 120(120 eyes)PCV patients who were admitted to our hospital from 2017-02/2020-06 were enrolled and divided into 61 cases(61 eyes)in the ranibizumab combined with PDT treatment group according to the random number table. Conbercept combined with PDT treatment group of 59 patients(59 eyes), compared the intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), central retinal thickness(CRT), blood flow, and the incidence of complications within 3mo of follow-up between the two groups before and after treatment.<p>RESULTS: There was no difference in intraocular pressure, CRT, and BCVA at 1 and 3mo after treatment between the two groups(all <i>P</i>>0.05). The whole blood high shear viscosity and whole blood of the ranibizumab combined with PDT treatment group were 1 and 3mo after treatment. The low-shear viscosity was lower than the conbercept combined with PDT treatment group(all <i>P</i><0.05). At the same time, the complication rate in the ranibizumab combined with PDT treatment group during the follow-up period of 3mo was lower than that in the conbercept combined with PDT treatment group(3.3% <i>vs</i> 16.9%, <i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: The treatment of ranibizumab combined with PDT for patients with PCV disease is more conducive to hemorheological stability and reduces the incidence of complications.

Analysis of the optic vessel density in early primary open angle glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the difference of the optic vessel density in early primary open angle glaucoma(POAG), ocular high tension subjects and healthy subjects. <p>METHODS: A cross-sectional study. From January 2019 to April 2021, patients were selected in the Department of Glaucoma in Fuzhou Southeast Eye Hospital. There were 45 patients(70 eyes)of early POAG group, including 32 males(49 eyes)and 13 females(21 eyes)with age of 48.50(26.75, 64.50)years. There were 37 patients(65 eyes)of ocular high tension group, including 17 males(29 eyes)and 20 females(36 eyes)with age of 37.00(27.00, 47.00)years. There were 51 patients(94 eyes)of healthy group, including 23 males(39 eyes)and 28 females(55 eyes)with age of 46.00(34.50, 56.50)years. Ophthalmic examinations including best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness(CCT), mean deviations(MD), retinal nerve fiber layers thickness(RNFL)were measured in three groups. The center area, the inner circle area, the outer circle area, and the whole area of the optic vessel density in three groups were measured <i>via</i> optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)device.<p>RESULTS: The difference of the intraocular pressure in early POAG group-ocular high tension group was not significant(<i>H</i>=146.876,<i>P</i><0.001), while significantly in early POAG group-healthy group and ocular high tension group-healthy group(all <i>P</i><0.01). Significant differences in BCVA, MD, and RNFL were observed in early POAG group-ocular high tension group(<i>P</i>=0.005, <i>P</i>=0.01, <i>P</i><0.01)and early POAG group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.013, <i>P</i><0.01, <i>P</i><0.01), while the difference was not found in ocular high tension group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=1.000, <i>P</i>=0.660, <i>P</i>=1.000). There was no difference of CCT in early POAG group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.074), and significant differences were observed in early POAG group-ocular high tension group and ocular high tension group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.006, <i>P</i><0.01). The optic vessel density comparison in the center area, the inner circle area, and the whole area were significantly different in early POAG group-ocular high tension group(all <i>P</i><0.01)and in early POAG group-healthy group(all <i>P</i><0.01), which indicated that the optic vessel density was obviously less in the early POAG group than the other two groups. The optic vessel density had no significant difference in ocular high tension group-healthy group in these areas(all <i>P</i>=1.000). In the outer circle area, there were no significant differences of the optic vessel density in early POAG group-ocular high tension group and early POAG group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.067, <i>P</i>=0.877), while significant difference was observed in early POAG group-healthy group(<i>P</i>=0.001).<p>CONCLUSION: The optic vessel density was decreased in early POAG comparing with ocular high tension subjects and healthy subjects, which was agree with the changes of MD, RNFL. The optic vessel density decreased firstly from the center area and the inner circle area for early POAG.

Correlation analysis of gout with body mass index and waist-hip ratio / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and the risk of gout in Urumqi. Methods　A total of 516 male patients with gout in a third-class hospital in Urumqi from 2015 to 2019 were randomly selected as the gout group and 516 male healthy subjects in the same hospital as the control group. The relevant blood biochemical indexes were examined and analyzed. Blood pressure, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured. Body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio were calculated. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between overweight / obesity, waist-to-hip ratio and the risk of gout. The test level is α = 0.05. Results　Uric acid, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure, weight and waist circumference in gout group were higher than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); There were no significant differences in age, height and diastolic blood pressure between the two groups (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between BMI and WHR and the occurrence of gout (r=0.272, 0.345, P<0.05). There were significant differences in BMI, WHR and waist circumference between the gout group and the control group（χ2= 55.338, 54.928, 54.153, P<0.05）. After adjusting for age, aerobic exercise and other confounding factors, the results of multi-factor unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of gout in patients with BMI of 24.00-27.99 kg/m2 and ≥28.00 kg/m2 was 2.005 (1.337-3.006) and 2.677 (1.668-4.296) times higher than that of patients with normal BMI, respectively. The OR value of gout in patients with WHR≥0.90 was 1.668 times higher than that in patients with normal WHR, and the difference was statistically significant. The results of subgroup analysis according to age are generally similar. Conclusions　The BMI and WHR of man with gout in Urumqi are higher than those of normal people, and BMI, waist circumference and WHR are all associated with the incidence of gout. The risk of gout increases with the increase of BMI and WHR.