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Objective To study the autophagy of human glioblastoma SF295 cells induced by sponge-derived triterpenoid Stellittin B (Stel B) and to discuss the related mechanism. Methods The proliferation inhibitory activity of Stel B on SF295 cells was studied by WST-8 assay. The autophagy effect induced by Stel B on SF295 cells was evaluated bya variety of experimental techniques, including MDC staining, Western Blot assay, and mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid transfection method.The activity of Stel B on the representative signal proteins in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in SF295 cells was examined by Western Blot. The anti-tumor activity of Stel B was detected by WST-8 assay after blocking autophagy by autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Results Stel B could significantly inhibit the proliferation of SF295 cells with IC50 value as 0.026 μmol/L. Plenty of autophagosome was found in Stel B treated A549 cells by MDC staining. The expression of autophagy marker proteins including LC3B-II increased. The confocal microscopy results showed that Stel B promoted autophagosome forming and inhibitedthe fusion of autophagosome with lysosome. The Western Blot results showed that Stel B inhibited the expression of PI3K-p110 protein in SF295 cells and decreased the phosphorylation level of Akt and mTOR.The inhibitory effects of Stel B with different concentrations on SF295 cells were all enhanced by the inhibition of autophagy with chloroquine, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Stel B can induce SF295 cells autophagy via blocking PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. This autophagy effect is beneficial to the survival of SF295 cells. The antitumor activity of Stel B can be enhanced by a combination of autophagy inhibitors.
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PurposeTo discuss the imaging characteristics and prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in primary osteosarcoma.Materials and MethodsThirty patients with osteosarcoma confirmed by pathology were enrolled in the study. The imaging characteristics of preoperative whole body18F-FDG PET/CT were analyzed retrospectively. The max standard uptake values (SUVmax) and CT values of lesions were obtained, and tumor volume was calculated; disease-free survival duration was calculated according to the reoccurrence and metastasis of tumor and death; the SUVmax of different components was compared, and the SUVmax in each position was analyzed in terms of the correlation with the corresponding CT value and factors influencing the prognosis.ResultsCT images showed that 28 patients with primary osteosarcoma had bone destruction, 20 had ground-glass or cotton-like neoplastic bone, 24 with soft tissue mass and 16 with periosteal reaction had increased18F-FDG uptake, and 17 with high-density neopalstic bone had low 18F-FDG uptake. The SUVmax of high-density neoplastic bone was significantly lower than that of bone destruction, low-density neoplastic bone and soft tissue mass (F=5.196, P<0.01). There was a weak negative correlation between the SUVmax of various parts such as bone destruction, low-density neoplastic bone, high-density neoplastic bone and soft tissue mass and the corresponding CT value (r=-0.315,P<0.01). The disease free survival time was (36.9±14.9) months. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that the disease free survival time was longer in patients with SUVmax≥9 than in those with SUVmax<9 (χ2=0.696,P<0.05). The Cox regression analysis presented that SUVmax had independent prognostic value (Wald=4.213,P<0.05).Conclusion18F-FDG PET/CT has advantages in presenting the anatomical structure changes and metabolic changes in primary osteosarcoma. Combined with semi-quantitative analysis of SUVmax, PET/CT can be helpful in finding out the highest biological activity part from the complex tumor structures. Neoplastic bone with low density/high metabolism suggests high malignancy. The higher the SUVmax, the worse the prognosis is in patients with primary osteosarcoma.
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BACKGROUND: Embryonic pancreatic tissue is characterized by its abundance, potent in proliferation & differentiation, and minimal immunological rejection. It is widely considered as potential pancreatic endocrinological stem cells resource for treating diabetes mellitus.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the embryonic mouse pancreatic tissue isolation technique and observe the recipients' blood glucose regulatory effects of the grafted embryonic pancreas in an experimental diabetes mellitus mouse model.METHODS: Pancreatic tissue from C57B1/6 mouse embryos at embryonic days 11.5-16.5 was isolated under the stereomicroscope. C57BL/6 mouse models of streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus were established and then randomly divided into two groups: transplantation group, in which, five pieces of pancreatic tissue of mice at embryonic 16.5 days were transplanted into mouse renal capsule, and sham-operated control group, in which, 0.05 mL RPMI1640 culture medium was injected into mouse renal capsule. When blood glucose level of the transplantation group mouse was≤ 11.2 mmol/L, the endocrine function of embryonic pancreatic tissue transplanted was detected by IPGTT and IPITT methods and then the transplanted graft was removed for observing the blood glucose relapse.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nearly intact pancreatic tissue of mice at embryonic days 11.5-16.5 could be isolated through the use of stereomicroscope. Pancreatic tissue morphology and color of mice ≤ embryonic 12.5 days were difficultly distinguished from adjacent tissue and they could only be isolated carefully according to the relationship with adjacent organs. Pancreatic tissue of mice > embryonic 12.5 days exhibited initial endocrinological tissue morphology mimic white cauliflower. Histological and ELISA examinations showed that embryonic pancreatic tissue could express and secrete insulin and the insulin level was gradually increased with developmental time. Embryonic pancreatic tissue could grow beneath the recipient renal capsule. The insulin and glucagon expression in the post-transplantational pancreatic tissue graft was increased compared with prior to transplantation. These results suggest that pancreatic tissue is a potential stem cell resource for treating the diabetes mellitus.
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Objective To summarize the experiences in treatment of intertochanteric fractures with proximal femur nail antirotation (PFNA). Methods A retrospective study was done on 136 patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated with PFNA from March 2006 to September 2008. Postoperative reduction quality, long-term radiographic results and function of hip were evaluated separately. All the patients had closed fractures. The operation involved orthopedic traction bed, C-arm image intensifier,closed reduction or limited open reduction and locking technique. Results All patients were followed up for 10-18 months (average 14.5 months), which showed fracture healing in all patients. According to Harris criterion, the function of the hip joint obtained excellence in 129 patients ( 94.9% ). Conclusion PFNA has advantages of simple procedure, minimal invasion, firm fixation and early functional exercises and is an effective method for treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.
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This paper statistically analyzes sixty-two articles concerning the treatment of obesity with acupuncture, and finds that the common therapy embraces needling, moxibustion, electroacupuncture, ear acupuncture, auricular application, auricular needle-embedding, acupoint application, acupoint embedding and combined methods of acupuncture. The frequent auricular acupoints are Stomach (MA-IC), Endocrine (MA-IC 3), Er Shenmen (MA-TF 1), Lung (MA-IC 1), Spleen (MA-IC), Hunger Point (MA-T) and Sanjiao (MA-IC 4). The clinical total effective rate was 75.8%.
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Objective To study cell apoptosis and differentiation in postnatal developing spiral ganglion(SG)of rat.Methods By means of transmission electron microscope(TEM),cell apoptosis and the ultrastructure of rat SG neurons were investigated during postnatal days 1,3,5,7,10,14,and 30.Results In P5 and P7,neural cell apoptosis was observed in rat SG neuron.The typical morphological alterations of apoptotic cells included a crescent-shaped band of condensed chromation round the nuclear periphery,apoptotic bodies,and cell shrinkage.The first appeared type 2 neurons with densely packed neurofilaments in the cytoplasm could be recognized with confidence at postnatal day 7.The type 2 neurons at this time showed obvious signs of cell shrinkage.Cell apoptosis disappeared subsequently.In subsequent developing period,the morphological characteristics of type 1 and type 2 neurons became more remarkable and gradually achieved their mature structure.Conclusion The neural cell apoptosis was an important event in the postnatal development of rat SGCS.Cell apoptosis,occurred prior to appearance of the type 2 neurons,may be related to remodeling of the outer hair cell innervation and type 2 neuron differentiation.
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Objective: To study the stability of four kinds of cardiovascular ready-prepared Chinese medicine (Injections of Ciwujia, Shenmai, Dengzhanhuasu and Gegensu) in Betahistine Hydrochlorizel Sodium Chloride Injection. Methods: Four kinds of drugs were added into Betahistine Hydrochloride Sodium Chloride, respectively, and mixed, then observed for 6 hours at 23?C. Results: The appearance, pH value and concentration of four drugs above mentioned were stable in Betahistine Hydrochloride sodium chloride sodium chloride at room temperature (23?C) and in 6 hours. Conclusion: Injections of Ciwujia, Shenmai, Dengzhaihuasu and Gegensu are stable in Betahistine Hydrochlonile Sodium Chloride.
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Cartilages of 19 human fetuses were studied by microangiographic and histological methods. Blood vessels were enclosed in a special structure, the cartilage canal which were present in individual cartilages from 2～3 months of the fetus. The cartilage canals developed either from the superficial blood vessels which was gradually embedded in the cartilage as it grew, or blood vessels in the cartilage canal grew and divided themselve progressively and penetrated into the deeper part of the cartilage. In addition to the nutritional supply for the centers of the growth of cartilage, the cartilage canal participates directly in the osteogenesis of the secondary centers of ossification.