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Obiective Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by a variety of risk factors. There are various pathological changes, but apoptosis of the neurological meridian cells is one of the most important pathological bases. Hyperlipidemia is a high-risk factor for the development of AD, which can lead to increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in brain tissues. PCSK9 is a protease closely related to lipid metabolism, but studies have shown that it may be related to the development of AD. LRP1 is abundantly expressed in neuronal cells, and it is an important transporter for the clearance of Aβ. There is now a large amount of literature confirming that PCSK9 can induce the degradation of LRP1. PI3K/AKT is an important signaling pathway in vivo, which plays an important role in apoptosis, and there is now a large amount of literature confirming that LRP1 activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which has an anti-apoptotic effect. So can PCSK9 affect the PI3K/AKT pathway through LRP1 and thus regulate neuronal apoptosis? This deserves further investigation.The aim of this study was to explore the role of PCSK9 in mediating ox-LDL pro-apoptotic neuronal cell death and its mechanism, and then further elaborate the mechanism of hyperlipidemia leading to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. MethodsFirstly, PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of ox-LDL (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L) for 24 h. Oil red O staining was used to detect lipid accumulation in PC12 cells, Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry to detect apoptosis in PC12 cells, ELISA to detect the content of Aβ secreted by PC12, Western blot to detect expression of SREBP2, PCSK9 and LRP1. Then PC12 cells were treated with 75 mg/L ox-LDL for different times (0, 6, 12, 24, 48 h), and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of SREBP2, PCSK9 and LRP1. Finally, after transfecting 100 nmol/L PCSK9 siRNA into PC12 cells for 48 h, PC12 cells were treated with 75 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h, Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry to detect apoptosis rate of PC12 cells, and Western blot to detect PCSK9, LRP1, PI3K, AKT, P-PI3K , P-AKT, NF-κB, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 expression, and ELISA detected Aβ content secreted by PC12 cells. Resultsox-LDL increased lipid accumulation and promoted apoptosis and Aβ secretion in PC12 cells, as well as increasing the expression of SREBP2 and PCSK9 and decreasing the expression of LRP1 in PC12 cells. pCsk9 siRNA could be inhibited through the PI3K/AKT pathway and the NF-κB-Bcl-2/Bax-Caspase-9/3 pathway to inhibit ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells while increasing Aβ secretion in PC12 cells. Conclusionox-LDL plays a bidirectional regulatory role in ox-LDL-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells by inducing an increase in PCSK9 expression and a decrease in LRP1 expression in PC12 cells, which in turn affects different signaling pathways downstream.
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Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and possible mechanisms of burned-out testicular germ cell tumors. Methods: The clinical and imaging data, histology and immunophenotypic characteristics of three cases of burned-out testicular germ cell tumors diagnosed at the Ruijin Hospital, Medical College of the Shanghai Jiaotong University, from 2016 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The mean age of the three patients was 32 years. Case 1 had an elevated preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level (810.18 μg/L) and underwent "radical pancreaticoduodenectomy and retroperitoneal lesion resection" for a retroperitoneal mass. Postoperative pathology showed embryonal carcinoma, which needed to exclude gonadal metastasis. Color Doppler ultrasound showed a solid mass of the right testis, with hypoechoic lesion and scattered calcification in some areas. Case 2 was a "right supraclavicular lymph node biopsy specimen." Chest X-ray showed multiple metastases in both lungs. The biopsy showed metastatic embryonic carcinoma and bilateral testicular color Doppler ultrasound revealed abnormal calcifications in the right testicle. Case 3 showed a cystic mass of the right testis with calcification and solid areas. All 3 patients underwent radical right orchiectomy. Grossly, borders of the testicular scar areas were well defined. Cross sectioning of the tumors showed a gray-brown cut surface and single focus or multiple foci of the tumor. The tumor maximum diameter was 0.6-1.5 cm. Microscopically, lymphocytes, plasma cells infiltration, tubular hyalinization, clustered vascular hyperplasia and hemosiderin laden macrophages were found in the scar. Atrophic and sclerotic seminiferous tubules, proliferation of clustered Leydig cells and small or coarse granular calcifications in seminiferous tubules were present around the scar. Seminoma and germ cell neoplasia in situ were seen in case 1, germ cell neoplasia in situ was seen in case 2 and germ cells with atypical hyperplasia were seen in case 3. Immunohistochemistry showed that embryonic carcinoma expressed SALL4, CKpan(AE1/AE3) and CD30, seminoma and germ cell tumor in situ expressed OCT3/4, SALL4 and CD117, and spermatogenic cells with atypical hyperplasia expressed CD99 and SALL4. The Ki-67 positive index was about 20%, while OCT3/4 and CD117 were both negative. Conclusions: Burned-out testicular germ cell tumors are rare. The possibility of gonad testicular metastasis should be considered first for extragonadal germ cell tumor. If fibrous scar is found in testis, it must be determined whether it is a burned-out testicular germ cell tumor. The burned-out mechanisms may be related to the microenvironment of tumor immune-mediated and local ischemic injury.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Adult , Seminoma/secondary , Cicatrix/pathology , Hyperplasia , Retrospective Studies , China , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/surgery , Calcinosis , Carcinoma , Tumor MicroenvironmentABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical features and genetic variant of a child with X-linked dominant Alport syndrome (XLAS).@*METHODS@#A child who had presented at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in May 2019 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out for the child. Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing of his family members.@*RESULTS@#The child, a 12-year-old boy, had mainly manifested gross hematuria, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and progressive renal impairment in conjunct with hearing loss. Kidney biopsy has revealed uneven glomerular basement membrane thickness. DNA sequencing revealed that the child and his mother have both carried a heterozygous c.2632G>A (p.G878R) variant of the COL4A5 gene, for which his father and brother were of the wild type. This variant was unreported previously. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was classified as pathogenic (PS1+PM1+PM2_Supporting+PP3).@*CONCLUSION@#The maternally derived hemizygous c.2632G>A (p.G878R) variant of the COL4A5 gene probably underlay the XLAS in this child. Above finding has enriched the mutational spectrum of the COL4A5 gene.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Child , Nephritis, Hereditary/genetics , Deafness , Kidney Glomerulus , Genomics , MothersABSTRACT
【Objective】 To investigate the changes in complement content in component blood before blood transfusion. 【Methods】 180 samples from 20 plasma donors were collected at different stages of the preparation process, stored at different temperatures and time periods, and tested in the same batch to observe the changes in complement C3 and C4 levels under different storage temperatures and process stages. 【Results】 The same sample was used to test C3 and C4 levels, and the test results were sorted into nine groups for comparison according to different storage temperatures and preparation process stages. C3: 0.994 1; C4: 0.957 1, with no significant difference in storage at -40℃ and -60℃(P>0.05); C3: 0.133 3, 0.224 06(P>0.05); C4: 0.027 3, 0.025 1(P<0.05), storing at 4℃ for 7 days may significantly reduce complement levels, which needs further verification; C3: 0.047 0, 0.038 3; C4: 0.042 6, 0.012 1(P<0.05), virus inactivation preparation process can significantly reduce complement levels, repeated freeze-thawing during frozen plasma processing can change complement levels. The correlation analysis of C3 and C4 content determination experiment shows that they are significantly positively correlated under different storage temperature, preparation process and storage time(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Storage temperature, storage time, preparation process of frozen plasma such as repeated freeze-thawing, centrifugal concentration and light inactivation have an impact on complement content.
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Objective To explore the feasibility and accuracy of sex determination by morphology of the distal humerus in North China population. Methods Observing sexually dimorphic differences of olecranon fossa shape, trochlear symmetry, trochlear constriction and angle of medial epicondyle. Each characteristic was divided into three categories: male, unknown and female. The morphological characteristics of the humerus of 70 individuals (35 males and 35 females) from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in North China were counted to compare the occurrence rate of different categories of distal humeral morphology and the accuracy rate of sex determination. Results There were statistically significant differences in the performance of the four traits of the distal humerus between males and females. The accuracy rate of angle of medial epicondyle was the highest at 76%, while the lowest accuracy rate of trochlear constriction was only 52%. The accuracy of the combined four traits was higher than the single ones, with an accuracy rate of 76% (83% for males and 68% for females). Conclusion Distal humerus morphology can be used to determine sex when skulls and pelvis are absent.
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Retrieved the literature on randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupuncture and moxibustion from 2011 to 2020 in the Web of Science (WOS) database, and explored research hotspots and frontiers in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion by visually analyze to countries, institutions, authors, keywords, cited literature, etc. using CiteSpace V5.6.R2. A total of 1147 articles were included. China has the largest number of publications, and the top 3 publications are Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University and Kyung Hee University. The hot research interventions in acupuncture and moxibustion include acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and bee acupuncture. The hot research topics include nerve regeneration, spasms, nausea, pain, obesity, cancer, etc. The research frontiers include acupuncture analgesia, diversification of acupuncture and its clinical effects, brain effects of acupuncture and acupuncture clinical mechanisms. It is believed that the cooperation between countries and institutions should be strengthened in the future, and deeper research should be carried out on the research content that is both hot spot and frontier.
Subject(s)
Animals , Acupuncture , Acupuncture Therapy , Electroacupuncture , Moxibustion , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Objective In this study, electroacupuncture (EA) was used to analyze the expression changes of related proteins in neuroglobin (NGB), PI3K/AKT and apoptotic pathways in the temporal cortex of bilirubin encephalopathy (BE) rats, so as to investigate the therapeutic effect of EA on BE and the relevant mechanism of NGB in this process. Totally 39 seven-day-old SD rats were divided into Sham, BE model and BE+EA groups. The neonatal BE model was established by injecting bilirubin solution (10 μg UCB/g Weight) into the cerebellomedullary cistern, Sham group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. BE rats were treated with EA at Baihui (GV20) and Quchi (LI11) acupoints with the frequency of 2/15 Hz for 15 min. Treatment was performed 12 h before modeling, followed by treatment every 12 h, in a total of three times. HE, Nissl staining and electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the pathological and ultrastructural changes of nerve cells in each group. Results showed that EA treatment reduced the damage of cortical neurons of BE rats and increase the number of Nissl bodies. TEM confirmed that EA treatment could alleviate the degree of mitochondria edema. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression sites and cell types of NGB. Results showed that NGB was mainly expressed in cortical neurons. Western blotting showed that EA treatment increased the expression of NGB, PI3K (p110 alpha), pAKT (Ser473) (P< 0. 05, P< 0. 05 and P< 0. 01, respectively) and the ratio of apoptosis-related protein Bcl-2/Bax (P < 0. 001), decreased the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 (P< 0. 05) in the temporal cortex of rats. TUNEL staining showed that EA reduced the number of apoptotic cells (BE group 186. 00±13. 86 vs BE+EA group 78. 67±11. 85, P< 0. 01) . This study confirms that EA can promote the expression of NGB in the temporal cortex of BE rats, then activate the PI3K/AKT pathway to exert its neuroprotective function and inhibit the occurrence of apoptosis. EA may become a potential treatment method for BE.
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Objective:To investigate that the effect of ethanol extracts from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)and Smad3 in the hypertrophic scars of rabbit ears and elucidate its mechanism to improve hypertrophic scars. Method:The model of hypertrophic ear scar model was established by damaging the inner skin of ears in New Zealand white rabbits.The 49 rabbits were randomly divided into control group, model group, low, medium and high-dose ethanol extracts groups from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma (0.4，1.0，2.0 g·kg-1), asiaticoside ointment group(5 mg·kg-1) and compound heparin sodium allantoin gel group(20 mg·kg-1), 7 rabbits per group. Except control group, the different drug about 0.5 mL had been applied the hypertrophic scar of rabbit ears once a day. After 42 days, the tissues of hypertrophic scar were obtained. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining was used to observe the pathological changes of rabbit ear scar tissue and determine the scar hyperplasia index. The expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in scar tissue of rabbit ears were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and reverse transcription PCR（RT-PCR）. Result:Compared with control group, the pathological changes of the ear scars in the model group showed obvious hyperplasia and higher hyperplasia index (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in scar tissue of rabbit ears were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the pathological structures of the ear scar tissue were significantly improved and the hyperplasia index of ear scar tissue was clearly reduced in medium and high-dose groups of ethanol extracts from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma(P<0.05，P<0.01). The protein and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in scar tissue were also decreased in different group of ethanol extracts from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma compared with the model group (P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusions:Ethanol extracts from Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma may play a curative role in inhibiting hypertrophic scars by reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in scar tissue and inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway. These provides the experimental basis for the clinical application of Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of hypertrophic scars.
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@#Introduction: Hajj is a unique religious mass gathering among Muslims hosted by Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) annually. It is a fifth pillar that is compulsory to be carried among muslim. Infections due to Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Influenza virus are very high among Hajj pilgrims in KSA. Study shows knowledge and attitude towards vaccine preventable disease and vaccination which is very important for the prevention of these infectious diseases. This study aims to determine knowledge and attitude among the prospective Malaysian hajj pilgrims on vaccine preventable disease and vaccination. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among prospective hajj pilgrims in June 2019. Self-administered questionnaires were given to the respondents through simple random sampling. The socio-demographic characteristics were described using descriptive analysis. Chi-square test was used to analyse the association between the socio-demographic and Malaysian hajj pilgrims’ knowledge and attitude towards the vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination. Results: A total of 135 respondents were recruited in the study. There were statistically significant associations between the knowledge and the highest education level (p=0.01), and also between the knowledge and the occupation (p=0.02) on vaccine preventable disease and vaccination. Conclusion: There is a lack of knowledge among the Malaysian hajj pilgrims about these vaccine preventable diseases and vaccination, especially those who have lower education level and also unemployed. Tabung Haji are highly advised to focus on these group and prepare a special course that focused on these vaccine preventable diseases so that Malaysian Hajj pilgrims will be protected.
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The relationship between adenosine receptor (AdoR) and myocardial ischemia (MI), effect of acupuncture for MI and action mechanism of acupuncture improving MI by regulating AdoR are summarized. The existing researches have preliminarily reflected that the improvement of MI treated with acupuncture may be achieved by influencing the expression of AdoR. However, there are still some limitations, e.g. most of the research regimens are single-acupoint, the research results are not entirely consistent and the interaction of AdoRs are ignored, all these need to be further verified and supplemented.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Myocardial Ischemia/therapy , Receptors, Purinergic P1ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis (CS) is a chronic pain condition, with an increasingly high incidence in the general population. Electroacupuncture is a common analgesic modality that has been widely applied in neck pain treatment. However, current electroacupuncture instruments used in the clinic have low intelligence levels and obscure parameter standards. We here designed this study for assessing the effect and safety of a new, intelligent electroacupuncture instrument, the CX-DZ-II, in treating neck pain.@*METHODS@#The present study is a prospective, two-center, randomized, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial for CX-DZ-II on treating neck pain caused by CS. Totally 160 eligible patients will be included in this trial and randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group in a 1:1 ratio. A semi-standard acupoint selection strategy will be employed. In the experimental group, selected acupoints will be stimulated by CX-DZ-II. Electroacupuncture treatment will be accomplished by a pre-existing electroacupuncture instrument in the control group. The duration of treatment will be 2 weeks. The primary outcome is the change of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score after one course of treatment. The secondary outcomes include the VAS scores after each treatment, the responder rate, drug-usage rate of non-steroidal antipyretic analgesics, the rate of adverse events occurrence, and the performance of instrument.@*DISCUSSION@#This study will evaluate the effect and safety of the CX-DZ-II intelligent electroacupuncture therapeutic instrument in comparison with a pre-existing non-intelligent instrument in the treatment of neck pain caused by CS. The results will hopefully demonstrate a more optimal electroacupuncture instrument for the treatment of neck pain. (Trial registration No. gov NCT03005301).
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Electroacupuncture , Methods , Equivalence Trials as Topic , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Neck Pain , Therapeutics , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Spondylosis , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the deadliest disease in the world, with endothelial injury occurring throughout the course of the disease. Therefore, improvement in endothelial function is of essential importance in the prevention of ASCVD. Red yeast rice (RYR), a healthy traditional Chinese food, has a lipid modulation function and also plays a vital role in the improvement of endothelial reactivity and cardiovascular protection; thus, it is significant in the prevention and treatment of ASCVD. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of RYR and its related products in the improvement of endothelial function in terms of endothelial reactivity, anti-apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells, oxidative stress alleviation and anti-inflammation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Atherosclerosis , Pathology , Biological Products , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Cardiovascular Diseases , Pathology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Endothelium, Vascular , Cell Biology , Physiology , Inflammation , Lipid Metabolism , Oxidative StressABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the action mechanism of acupoint selection along meridians to improve adenosine receptor in myocardial ischemia (MI) rats by comparing the effects of acupoint selection along meridians, acupoint selection at other meridians and non-acupoint on expression of adenosine receptor.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a sham operation group, a model group, an acupoint-selection-along-meridians (ASAM) group, an acupoint-selection-at-other-meridians (ASAOM) group and a non-acupoint group, 20 rats in each group. The model of MI was not made in the blank group; the left anterior descending coronary artery was not ligated after thoracotomy in the sham operation group; the model of MI was made but acupuncture was not given in the model group. After the model of MI was made, electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at "Neiguan" (PC 6) in the ASAM group, at "Hegu" (LI 4) in the ASAOM group, and at the area between the third and fourth metatarsal bone in the non-acupoint group. EA was given 20 min per treatment, once a day for 5 days. After treatment, the TTC staining was used to detect myocardial infarction, the Tunel method was used to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of adenosine receptors A1, A2a and A2b.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group and the sham operation group, the percentage of myocardial infarction and apoptotic rate of myocardial cells in the model group were increased significantly (<0.01). After EA treatment, compared with the model group, the percentage of myocardial infarction and apoptotic rate of myocardial cells in the ASAM group were decreased significantly (<0.01), and the expression levels of adenosine receptors A1, A2a and A2b were increased significantly (<0.01). The percentage of myocardial infarction and apoptotic rate of myocardial cells in the ASAM group were significantly lower than those in the ASAOM group and the non-acupoint group (<0.01), and the expression levels of adenosine receptors A1, A2a and A2b in the ASAM group were significantly higher than those in the ASAOM group and non-acupoint group (<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with acupoint selection at other meridians or non-acupoints, acupoint selection along meridians can effectively regulate the expression of adenosine receptors A1, A2a and A2b, improve the condition of myocardial infarction, inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis, and consequently protect ischemic myocardium.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Acupuncture Points , Electroacupuncture , Meridians , Myocardial Ischemia , Therapeutics , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Purinergic P1ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the antagonistic effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway activation, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in rats with lung injury induced by fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Methods Forty eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: blank control group (C1), water drip control group (C2), PM2.5 exposed group (P), low-dose NAC treated and PM2.5 exposed group (L), middle-dose NAC treated and PM2.5 exposed group (M), and high-dose NAC treated and PM2.5 exposed group (H). PM2.5 suspension (7.5 mg/kg) was administered tracheally once a week for four times. NAC of 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg was delivered intragastrically to L, M and H group respectively by gavage (10 ml/kg) for six days before PM2.5 exposure. The histopathological changes and human mucin 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) content in lung tissue of rats were evaluated. We investigated IL-6 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MUC5AC in lung tissue homogenate by ELISA, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in serum and BALF by spectrophotometry, and the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 proteins by Western blot. All the measurements were analyzed and compared statistically. Results Lung tissue of rats exposed to PM2.5 showed histological destruction and increased mucus secretion of bronchial epithelial cells. Rats receiving NAC treatment showed less histological destruction and mucus secretion. Of P, L, M and H group, MUC5AC in lung tissue, IL-6 in serum and BALF were higher than controls (C1 and C2) (all P<0.05), with the highest levels found in the P group and a decreasing trend with increase of NAC dose. The activity of GSH-PX in serum and BALF of PM2.5 exposed rats (P, L, M and H) was lower than that of controls (all P<0.05), with higher activities found in NAC treated rats (L, M, and H), and an increasing trend with increase of NAC dose. The expressions of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK1/2 and p-p38 proteins in PM2.5 exposed lung tissue (P, L, M and H) was higher than controls (all P<0.05), with decreased levels and dose dependent downregulation found in NAC treated rats. Conclusion NAC can antagonize major MAPK pathway activation, lung oxidative stress and inflammatory injury induced by PM2.5 in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Acetylcysteine/pharmacology , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Inflammation/pathology , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Lung Injury/pathology , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Mucin 5AC/metabolism , Mucus/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Particle Size , Particulate Matter/toxicity , Phosphorylation/drug effects , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
To study the evolution of Chinese ancient and modern pharmacopoeia standards and compare the domestic and foreign pharmacopoeias, further understand the international requirements on chrysanthemum quality, and establish a more suitable and modern standard system for high quality Chrysanthemi Flos pieces. Newly Revised Materia Medica, Welfare Pharmacy, Collected Essentials of Species of Materia Medica (Bencao Pinhui Jingyao), Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other herbal remedies in various generations were reviewed to summarize the evolution of domestic standards on Chrysanthemi Flos pieces. Then they were compared with those in European Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopoeia, Japanese Pharmacopoeia and other foreign Pharmacopoeias to establish a modern and international high-quality Chrysanthemi Flos pieces standard system with Chinese medicine characteristics and produce more internationally recognized high-quality Chinese medicine pieces.
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Biosafety hazard has been paid high attention with increasing use of animal species and quantities in medical colleges. In the present paper, we analyze potential biosafety risks in medical colleges from characteristics of biosafety environment, experiment activity, zoonosis, laboratory animal management, etc. , then give some advices on prevention and control of biosafety hazards.
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Objective To develop a digital management system in the pulmonary function test room to realize pulmonary function data sharing between the outpatient department,ward,medical examination facility and community hospital.Methods The system was developed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and enterprise-version SQL Server database,and the integration of pulmonary function test devices and HIS was achieved by linking up the spirometer,bluetooth height & weight digital measuring equipment,barcode scanner,back tracking system and the switch to HIS.Results The system contributed to enhancing the flow and efficiency of clinical service.Conclusion The system standardizes the flow and quality control of pulmonary function test,implements patient data sharing between the outpatient department and ward and facilitates scientific research data acquisition,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.
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Biosafety hazard has been paid high attention with increasing use of animal species and quantities in medical colleges. In the present paper, we analyze potential biosafety risks in medical colleges from characteristics of biosafety environment, experiment activity, zoonosis, laboratory animal management, etc. , then give some advices on prevention and control of biosafety hazards.
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Objective To develop a digital management system in the pulmonary function test room to realize pulmonary function data sharing between the outpatient department,ward,medical examination facility and community hospital.Methods The system was developed with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and enterprise-version SQL Server database,and the integration of pulmonary function test devices and HIS was achieved by linking up the spirometer,bluetooth height & weight digital measuring equipment,barcode scanner,back tracking system and the switch to HIS.Results The system contributed to enhancing the flow and efficiency of clinical service.Conclusion The system standardizes the flow and quality control of pulmonary function test,implements patient data sharing between the outpatient department and ward and facilitates scientific research data acquisition,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.
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Objective To establish a hypothermic pleural effusion model with SD rats,and to observe the relationship between hypothermic pleural effusion production and cold water immersion duration.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats of(290.3 ± 7.5) g were randomly divided into experimental group(n =50) and control group(n =10).The experimental group was divided into group A1,A2,A3,A4 and A5 according to the different immersion time with 10 rats in each group.The experimental group was placed in a self-made cylindrical erected rat holders and then immersed in cold water at (20 ±0.2) ℃.The soaking depth was the level of clavicle of the rats.Group A1 and A2 were respectively removed and anesthetized after immersing 12 hours and 24 hours,and the serum and pleural effusion were collected to detect total protein and lactate dehydrogenase concentration.The remaining rats of experimental group were rewarmed by incubating at 37 ℃ for 1 hour.Group A3,A4 and A5 were respectively anesthetized at 12 hours,24 hours and 36 hours after the initiation of rewarming for detecting the serum and pleural effusion.The control group was directly anesthetized to collect serum to detect total protein,lactate dehydrogenase concentration.The pleural effusion quality was analyzed by Light standard.Results There was no obvious pleural effusion in normal rats.The amount of pleural effusion in the group A2 was higher than that in the group A1.After the rewarming,the amount of pleural effusion gradually decreased with the prolongation of time,and disappeared 36 hours later.Pleural effusion total protein/serum total protein was about 50％ in group A1,while it was more than 50％ in the group A2,A3 and A4.Pleural effusion lactate dehydrogenase/serum lactate dehydrogenase were all less than 60％ in each experimental group.The pleural effusion lactate dehydrogenase of experimental group was 2 times greater than that of the control group.Conclusion The method of establishing hypothermia pleural effusion SD rats model by immersing in 20 ℃ water is stable and reliable.The pleural effusion increased with the prolongation of the cold water immersing.After rewarming,the pleural effusion was gradually absorbed and then dispeared.