ABSTRACT
At present, there are still about 250 million people with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection around the world, which seriously threatens human life and health. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can develop into liver diseases such as liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma; however, there is still a limited number of antiviral drugs and an extremely low cure rate in clinical practice, and thus it is urgent to develop new antiviral drugs. HBV has strong hepatotropism and only infects a few primates such as humans and chimpanzees under natural conditions. Whether immune response (innate immunity and adaptive immunity) can effectively recognize and eliminate or inhibit HBV is an important factor leading to different outcomes after virus infection, and cytokines play an important immunoregulatory role in this process. This article summarizes and discusses the research advances in some key cytokines in CHB infection and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish the three-dimensional (3D) statistical shape model (SSM) of the foot, so as to reveal the 3D foot shape variations. Methods Foot data from 50 normal Chinese young males were used for 3D statistical shape modelling. Steps, including mesh registration of foot surface, axis alignment and principal component (PC) analysis (dimension reduction), were performed to obtain the parameterized foot shape (mean shape and standard deviation of PC). Results Through the principal component analysis (PCA), the 3D foot shape varied in the length and width (PC1, 48.01%), arch and dorsal height (PC2, 11.38%), and hallux abduction-adduction position (PC3, 7.48%). Conclusions Based on the parameterised 3D foot SSM, these datasets can be applied into the population-based shoe last manufacture, orthotics customization and quick diagnosis of foot disorders in clinic.