ABSTRACT
By studying doctor Sawada's theoretical thought related to clinical experience in "The Essence of Acupuncture", it is found that the data recorded by Daita Bunji according to what he saw and heard provide many returning-to-nature treasures for mining. That plays an important guiding role in expanding the idea of acupuncture treatment and improving clinical therapeutic effects. This article outlines doctor Sawada's thought of acupuncture treatment from the theory of "one original, two opposite, three large, four spiritual and five distributed", the theory of abdominal"卍"symbol, and the development and application of tri-jiao theory. It is intended to make that well known. Posterity is lucky if it can be carried forward.
ABSTRACT
This article aimed to discuss the definition of the ancient characterZhen (needle) from three aspects: the origin of the character, the meaning of hexagramXian, and application of interaction in acupuncture. The writers hold thatZhen means feeling, and the definition ofZhen reveals that the key to achieving acupuncture efficacy is needling sensation. In clinic, when practicing acupuncture, the writers should especially pay attention to the use of interactions between the left and the right, the upper and the lower, the anterior and the posterior, and intersections among meridians, which will benefit the enhancement the clinical efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy.
ABSTRACT
By studying doctor Sawada's theoretical thought related to clinical experience in "The Essence of Acupuncture", it is found that the data recorded by Daita Bunji according to what he saw and heard provide many returning-to-nature treasures for mining. That plays an important guiding role in expanding the idea of acupuncture treatment and improving clinical therapeutic effects. This article outlines doctor Sawada's thought of acupuncture treatment from the theory of "one original, two opposite, three large, four spiritual and five distributed", the theory of abdominal"卍"symbol, and the development and application of tri-jiao theory. It is intended to make that well known. Posterity is lucky if it can be carried forward.
ABSTRACT
This article aimed to discuss the definition of the ancient characterZhen (needle) from three aspects: the origin of the character, the meaning of hexagramXian, and application of interaction in acupuncture. The writers hold thatZhen means feeling, and the definition ofZhen reveals that the key to achieving acupuncture efficacy is needling sensation. In clinic, when practicing acupuncture, the writers should especially pay attention to the use of interactions between the left and the right, the upper and the lower, the anterior and the posterior, and intersections among meridians, which will benefit the enhancement the clinical efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy.
ABSTRACT
The open reading frame of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) was cloned from Phlegmarirus carinatus by RT-PCR method and the sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics tools. After searching the transcriptome dataset of P. carinatus, one unique sequence encoding 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase was discovered. The primers were designed according to the cDNA sequence of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase from the dataset. And then, the open reading frame (ORF) of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase, named as PcHDR1 (GenBank Accession number：JQ957845), was cloned by RT-PCR strategy with the template of mixed RNA extracted from roots, stem and leaf of P. carinatus. The bioinformatic analysis of this gene and its corresponding protein was performed. The ORF of PcHDR1 consisted of 1 437 base pairs (bp), encoding one polypeptide with 478 amino acids. The sequence comparison showed that PcHDR1 is closest with GbHDR (Ginkgo biloba),and the sequence homology was up to 78%. Bioinformatics prediction and analysis indicated that PcHDR1 protein contained a conserved domain of LytB, without transmembrane region and signal peptides. This study cloned and analyzed 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase from P. carinatus. The result will provide a foundation for exploring the function of PcHDR1 involved in terpene biosynthesis in P. carinatus plants.
ABSTRACT
Methionine synthase (MS, EC2.1.1.13), a key enzyme in the folate metabolism area catalyzing methyl transfer from N5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine to give tetrahydrofolate and methionine, takes a core position in folate cycle, one-carbon-unit transfer and sculpture amino acid pathways. Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase was purified from rat liver. The enzyme was purified 609-fold to near homogeneity by batch chromatography on DE-52, anion-exchange chromatography on Q Sepharose Fast Flow and CHT-I hydroxyapatite column and was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The enzyme activity was determined by spectrophotometric assay. In addition, the influencing factor and optimal reaction condition were performed. The steady state kinetic of rat liver methionine synthase was similar to that of other mammalian cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase which employed a Ping-Pong mechanism. The result indicated that cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase purified from rat liver is suitable for screening and studying methionine synthase specific inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase , Metabolism , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Folic Acid Antagonists , Pharmacology , Liver , Chemistry , Methotrexate , Pharmacology , Quinazolines , Pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Tetrahydrofolates , Metabolism , Thiophenes , PharmacologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hypothermia is associated with poor outcome in trauma patients; however, hemorrhagic shock (HS) model with anesthetized swine was different from that of clinical reality. To identify the effects of environmental hypothermia on HS, we investigated hemodynamics and oxygen dynamics in an unanesthetized swine model of HS under simulating hypothermia environment.METHODS: Totally 16 Bama pigs were randomly divided into ambient temperature group (group A) and low temperature group (group B), 8 pigs in each group. Venous blood (30 mL/kg) was continuously withdrawn for more than 15 minutes in conscious swine to establish a hemorrhagic shock model. Pulmonary arterial temperature (Tp), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), hemoglobin (Hb), saturation of mixed venous blood (SvO2) and blood gas analysis were recorded at the baseline and different hemorrhagic shock time (HST). The whole body oxygen delivery indices, DO2I and VO2I, and the O2 extraction ratio (O2ER) were calculated.RESULTS: Core body temperature in group A decreased slightly after the hemorrhagic shock model was established, and environmental hypothermia decreased in core body temperature. The mortality rate was significantly higher in group B (50％) than in group A (0％). DO2I and VO2I decreased significantly after hemorrhage. No difference was found in hemodynamics, DO2I and VO2I between group A and group B, but the difference in pH, lactic acid and O2ER was significant between the two groups.CONCLUSION: Environmental hypothermia aggravated the disorder of oxygen metabolism after hemorrhagic shock, which was associated with poor prognosis.