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Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in children.Methods:Clinical data of children with EoE who were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 18 children with EoE were included in the study, including 13 males and 5 females, with the age of 11.96 (4.96, 12.81) years.Vomiting was more common in preschool children (4/5), while abdominal pain was the main symptom in school-age and adolescent children (11/13). There were 22.22% (4/18) of the children with EoE had an increased white blood cell count, and 33.33%(6/18) had an increased eosinophil count.Allergic history in the first-degree relatives was detected in 55.56%(10/18) of the children with EoE.Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level was elevated in 68.75% (11/16) of the children.Food-specific IgE was positive in 66.67% (12/18) of the children with EoE.Milk, eggs, and wheat were the most common allergens.Esophageal mucosal hyperemia and erythema, rough, erosion, linear ulcers, annular changes, furrow or wrinkled paper changes, granular changes, polypoid or relaxation of the cardia were seen under endoscopy, whereas 27.78% (5/18) of the children showed normal esophageal mucosa.The histopathology showed chronic inflammation of the esophagus and increased eosinophil count.Three patients were lost of follow-up, and the remaining 15 were followed up for 6-24 months.All children with EoE were treated with the elimination diet.Nine children treated with glucocorticoids experienced clinical remission in a short period of time, involving 1 case with recurrence after withdrawal and being effectively treated by hormone therapy, and 2 cases of repeated digestive system symptoms or increased eosinophil count after withdrawal and being effectively relieved by the elimination diet.Conclusions:EoE is more common in elderly children and boys.Vomiting is the main symptom in pre-school aged children, whereas abdominal pain is the main symptom in school-aged children and adolescents.Increased peripheral white blood cell count and eosinophil count can be detected in some cases, and most of them are positive for food allergen tests.Gastrointestinal endoscopy and histopathology are important in the diagnosis of EoE.Elimination diet may be effective in some patients.Glucocorticoids are of great significance in the treatment of EoE, but a few children are steroid-dependent.
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BACKGROUND:At present,there is still controversy in clinical practice about the choice of internal fixation of Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture,and the selection of internal fixation that provides stable fixation strength is the key basis for achieving Pauwels type Ⅲ fracture fixation. OBJECTIVE:The three-dimensional finite element analysis method was used to test the difference in biomechanical strength of three types of internal fixation in Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture,which provided a reference for its clinical treatment. METHODS:Using the CT data of the left femur of a healthy male volunteer,a complete femur and its cancellous bone were reconstructed in Mimics software,and Geomagic studio software was used for reverse modeling.Cannulated compression screw,dynamic hip screw,and femoral neck system were created in UG-NX software.Three kinds of internal fixation models were assembled on the femur model,and Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture was simulated by Hypermesh software.Finally,Abaqus software was used to carry out finite element experimental analysis to analyze and compare the stress distribution,stress peak,strain,and displacement distribution caused by fixed femoral neck fracture of different internal fixation systems. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The stress of the proximal femur bone mass was mainly distributed in the area below the femoral neck near the fracture end,with the highest stress peak in the dynamic hip screw group and the smallest in the femoral neck system group.(2)The stress distribution of the internal fixation device was mainly concentrated on the screw surface near the fracture line,with the highest stress peak in the femoral neck system group and the smallest in the dynamic hip screw group.(3)The main strain field of the proximal femur bone mass was distributed in the upper surface area where the bone and screw contacted,and the yield strain was the smallest in the femoral neck system group and the largest in the cannulated compression screw group.(4)The main strain field of the internal fixation device model was distributed on the upper surface of the femoral neck screw,with the yield strain being the smallest in the femoral neck system group and the largest in the cannulated compression screw group.(5)The displacement distribution values of femur,proximal bone mass,distal bone block,internal fixation device and internal fixation with the femur as a whole in the three femoral neck fracture internal fixation models decreased gradually from proximal to distal,and the peak displacement of the femoral neck system group was the largest and the lowest in the dynamic hip screw group.(6)The results showed that when the Pauwels type Ⅲ femoral neck fracture was fixed,the stress distribution of femoral neck system was more uniform,the mechanical conduction characteristics were better,and it was subjected to lower yield strain,higher stress and higher displacement.It has relatively better biomechanical stability and can provide a superior mechanical environment for fracture healing.
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As the medical insurance system continually evolves,the sustainable development of hospitals necessitates the establishment of an intelligent medical supervision system.With this system,hospitals can strengthen the management of specific outpatient diseases,achieve intelligent,standardized medical insurance management,and enable real-time supervision throughout the entire process.This article first outlines the background for applying the intelligent medical insurance supervision system in the management of specific outpatient diseases.It then delves into the problems in the application of this system and proposes strategies for solving the problem.These strategies include continuation of effective medical insurance cost control and decision-making management,improvement of a payment supervision system for specific diseases,establishment of an intelligent evaluation and review system for specific outpatient diseases,and development of a financial management system for specific diseases.
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Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in children under 6 years old.Methods:The clinical data，laboratory examinations，imaging examinations，gastrointestinal endoscopy，histopathology，treatment，and prognosis of patients under 6 years old with eosinophilic gastroenteritis who were hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology，Beijing Children's Hospital from January 1，2016 to December 31，2022 were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 31 children under 6 years of age with eosinophilic gastroenteritis were enrolled in the study,including 14 cases≤3 years old and 17 cases>3 years old, and 38.71% (12/31) of them had multiple sites involved. The main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain（20/31，64.52%），vomiting（11/31，35.48%），hematochezia（7/31，22.58%），and diarrhea（7/31，22.58%）.The children with eosinophilic duodenitis and eosinophilic colitis were more likely to have abdominal pain, with an incidence of 83.33%(10/12)（ P<0.05）. Eosinophilia increased in 70.97%（22/31）of children，which was more common in children >3 years of age（88.24% vs. 50.00%， P<0.05）.Anemia was seen in 29.03%（9/31）of the patients，and it was more common in children under 3 years of age（50.00% vs. 11.76%， P<0.05）.Hypoalbuminemia was found in 22.58%（7/31）of patients. Specific IgE（sIgE）was positive in 73.33%（22/30）of children. Milk，egg，and wheat were the most common allergens. Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed mucosal edema（29/31，93.55%），erythema（26/31，83.87%），roughness（12/31，38.71%），ulcer（10/31，32.26%），et al.All children were treated with the elimination diet. Besides,10 cases were treated with omeprazole, 16 cases were treated with montelukast, and 17 cases were treated with glucocorticoid. The incidence of relapse or steroid resistance was 32.26%（10/31），and 70.00%（7/10）of them occurred within one year of treatment. Conclusion:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in children under 6 years of age may involve single or multiple sites.Abdominal pain is the most common clinical manifestation. Children may have elevated peripheral blood eosinophils，anemia，or hypoalbuminemia.Most children have food allergens. Nearly one-third of children experience relapse or steroid resistance.
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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography（ERCP）and related technologies are gradually being developed in pediatric biliary and pancreatic diseases.Clinicians should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of postoperative complications.This review started with the operational methods of ERCP and its related technologies，elaborated on the possible complications，summarized the prevention and treatment methods，and aimed to provide reference for clinical doctors.
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Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children（MIS-C）related to SARS-CoV-2 and analyze the risk factors for hypotension.Methods:The clinical data of children with MIS-C who visited Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2023 to March 2023 were retrospectively collected,and the clinical characteristics and risk factors for hypotension were analyzed.Results:Thirty-six patients were included,the median age was 3.1 (2.3,5.8) years; 61.1% were boys.All cases had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 and 9 weeks before onset.Clinical symptoms included fever (100.0%); rash (94.4%); bilateral conjunctival congestion (88.8%); lips/oral cavity changes (100.0%); swollen hands and foot (61.1%); cervical lymphadenopathy (88.8%); acute gastrointestinal symptoms (61.1%) of diarrhea,abdominal pain and vomiting; neurologic manifestations (33.3%) of lethargy,headache,and convulsions; respiratory symptoms(41.6%) of cough,sore throat and shortness of breath.Nineteen (52.8%) cases developed hypotension and needed vasoactive drugs support to maintain blood pressure.Mechanical ventilation was required in four(11.1%) cases,and one patient was intubated and treated with continuous renal replacement therapy.The level of ferritin in hypotension group was significantly higher than those in normal blood pressure group( P＜0.05),while the levels of platelet count,serum sodium and potassium in hypotension group were significantly lower than those in normal blood pressure group( P＜0.05).Logistic regression multivariable analysis found the elevated serum ferritin ( OR=20.000,95% CI:2.750-145.481, P=0.003) was an independent risk factor for hypotension. Conclusions:MIS-C may be observed following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Various symptoms and signs,including fever,multiple organ dysfunction,and hypotension,may occur in children with MIS-C.Elevated ferritin is a risk factor for hypotension.
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Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of cenegermin in the treatment of neurotrophic keratitis (NK).Methods:An observational case series study was adopted.Twenty-two patients (26 eyes) with moderate and severe NK diagnosed in Xi'an No.1 Hospital from June to November 2021 were collected and locally treated with cenegermin eye drop.After the corneal epithelium of the affected eye healed, the treatment ended.Relevant index data of patients before and after treatment were obtained through eye examination.The main indicators were the fiber length of corneal sensation measured by Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, the morphological and quantitative indexes of corneal nerves by in vivo confocal microscopy, including the density of corneal nerve fibers and the number of nerve bifurcation points, and tear meniscus height measured by Keratograph Ocular Surface Analyzer.The secondary indicators were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and adverse reactions.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xi'an No.1 Hospital (No.2021-11). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject. Results:The average treatment duration of patients receiving cenegermin was (4.42±1.86) weeks.After treatment, the corneal epithelial defect of moderate and severe patients healed completely.After treatment, the fiber length of sensation of corneal epithelial defect area and superior defect area were improved, the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.45, -3.22; both at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in corneal sensation in inferior, nasal and temporal of corneal epithelial defect area between before and after treatment ( Z=-1.89, -0.31, -1.86; all at P>0.05). After treatment, the average corneal nerve fiber density and the number of corneal nerve fiber bifurcation points in the affected eyes were significantly increased ( Z=-3.95, -3.48; both at P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the tear meniscus height between before and after treatment ( Z=-1.58, P=0.11). After treatment, the BCVA (LogMAR) of patients was 0.22(0.10, 0.40), which was higher than 0.52(0.30, 0.70) at baseline, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-3.63, P<0.01). During the treatment of cenegermin eye drops, transient pain occurred in 3 eyes, and intraocular pressure increased in 1 eye, which all returned to normal after symptomatic treatment. Conclusions:Topical application of cenegermin can repair corneal nerve morphology and function in patients with NK.
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Objective:To construct talent training objectives and courses for undergraduate education of tropical medicine.Methods:Two rounds of questionnaire consultation were conducted among 15 experts by Delphi method. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the recovery rate, expert authority coefficient, mean of importance score, full score ratio, coefficient of variation and Kendall coordination coefficient were calculated respectively. Kendall's rank correlation test was used to analyze the degree of expert coordination, and the "boundary value method" was used to screen the indicators.Results:The effective recovery rates of the two rounds of consultation were all 100.00% and the expert authority coefficient was 0.815. The coordination coefficient was 0.25, 0.32, and 0.27, 0.36 respectively, and the significance test showed P<0.001. Finally, 11 talent training objectives and 7 courses for undergraduate education of tropical medicine were formed. Conclusions:The talent training objectives and courses for undergraduate education of tropical medicine are reasonable and reliable, which can provide theoretical support for tropical medicine talent training and have certain guiding value.
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Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of 18F-FDOPA PET/CT imaging and semi-quantitative analysis platform for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease(PD).Materials and Methods There were 27 healthy controls and 56 clinically diagnosed PD patients,including 33 early PD(Hoehn-Yahr class Ⅰ-Ⅱ)and 23 advanced PD(Hoehn-Yahr class Ⅲ-Ⅳ),underwent 18F-FDOPA PET imaging in Nanjing First Hospital,Nanjing Medical University were consecutively enrolled from January 2018 to December 2019.The striatal to occipital ratio(SORs)in radioactivity was calculated by HERMES BRASS platform,thereby completing the semi-quantitative analysis of the brain based on regions of interest and observing the asymmetry of the striatal subregions in early-stage PD and late-stage PD patients.Using artificial intelligence techniques to perform principal component analysis on the SORs of the striatal subregions in PD group and healthy control group,the degree of data aggregation and the distinguishability between groups were observed.Results The SORs was significantly reduced in the whole caudate,anterior,posterior putamen and striatum of advanced PD patients(t=9.02-11.72,P<0.000 1).The area under the curve was 0.952,0.973,0.995 and 0.982,respectively.Compared with the healthy control group,the loss of striatal asymmetry index(mean)in each subregion of the striatum in early PD group was caudate(7.61±5.50)%,anterior putamen(11.43±8.97)%,posterior putamen(17.17±11.63)%,and whole striatum(10.65±7.46)%,respectively.The uptake of 18F-FDOPA in the striatum of PD patients was significantly reduced,and the most obvious loss of early PD patients was contralateral posterior putamen,with a decrease of 34%.Conclusion The platform semi-quantitative analysis of 18F-FDOPA PET/CT images provides objective semi-quantitative values for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PD.Asymmetry in the striatum,especially in the putamen,may be an important parameter for early diagnosis of PD..
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Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder. Although it does not pose a threat to life, it seriously affects the quality of life of patients. RLS pathogenesis is still unclear, and its incidence is associated with a variety of risk factors, including genetic factors and non-genetic factors. Genetic factors involve more than 20 risk genes, such as meis homeobox 1 ( MEIS1), BTB domain containing 9 ( BTBD9), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 ( MAP2K5), and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Db ( PTPRD). Non-genetic factors include regional age, gender, obesity, medical related diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases and drugs. This paper reviews the recent advance in risk factors and related pathogenesis of RLS to provide references for early prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Objective:To explore the effects of Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture on vascular endothelial function and inflammatory factors in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after ischemic stroke (IS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 71 patients with MCI after IS in the hospital between January 2020 and September 2022. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture group ( n=31, Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture + oral nimodipine tables) and routine body-acupuncture group ( n=40, routine body-acupuncture group + oral nimodipine tables). Both groups were treated for 2 courses (14 d/course). Before and after treatment, levels of serum NO and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected by radioimmunoassay, and levels of serum basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. The cognitive function of patients was evaluated and intelligence level by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and the clinical curative effect was also evaluated. Results:The total response rates in Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture group and routine body-acupuncture group were 90.32% (28/31) and 70.00% (28/40), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=4.33, P=0.037). After treatment, levels of plasma Hcy and IL-6 in Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture group were lower than those in the routine body-acupuncture group ( t=2.57, 9.36, P<0.05 or P<0.01). After treatment, levels of serum bFGF, VEGF and NO in Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture group were significantly higher than those in the routine body-acupuncture group ( t=10.03, 9.29, 8.17, P<0.01), while ET-1 level was significantly lower than that of the routine body-acupuncture group ( t=2.41, P=0.019). After treatment, MoCA score [(28.24±4.45) vs. (25.32±4.34), t=2.78], MMSE score [(28.73±1.44) vs. (28.02±1.22), t=2.25] in Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture group were higher than those in the routine body-acupuncture group ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture is beneficial to improve vascular endothelial function, reduce levels of inflammatory factors, promote the recovery of cognitive function and improve curative effect in patients with MCI after IS.
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Aim To explore the role of SIRT1/Nrf2 / HO-1 in alleviating the cognitive function impairment by sevoflurane treatment in a mouse model of postoperative cerebral reperfusion. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group, hemorrhagic shock reperfusion group, sevoflurane postconditioning group, sevoflurane postcondition-ing + SIRT1 inhibitor group and sevoflurane postconditioning + Nrf2 inhibitor group. Mice were subjected to Morris water maze test after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. The ATP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), ROS and MDA contents in tissue of mice were detected. SIRT1, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in tissue were detected by Western blot. Results After hemorrhagic shock, the learning and memory ability of mice was reduced.ATP and SOD concentration in hippocampus was reduced , MDA and ROS concentration increased, and the SIRT, Nrf2 and HO-1 concentration was reduced. Sevoflurane improved the cognitive dysfunction and oxi-dative damage in postoperative mice, and the neuro-protective effect of sevoflurane on hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation mice was weakened followed with SIRT1 and Nrf2 inhibitors. Conclusion Sevoflurane probably alleviates the oxidative reaction damage and cognitive impairment caused by cerebral reperfusion in mice through SIRT1/Nrf2/H0-1 pathway.
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Nasal drug delivery efficiency is highly dependent on the position in which the drug is deposited in the nasal cavity. However, no reliable method is currently available to assess its impact on delivery performance. In this study, a biomimetic nasal model based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology was developed for visualizing the deposition of drug powders in the nasal cavity. The results showed significant differences in cavity area and volume and powder distribution in the anterior part of the biomimetic nasal model of Chinese males and females. The nasal cavity model was modified with dimethicone and validated to be suitable for the deposition test. The experimental device produced the most satisfactory results with five spray times. Furthermore, particle sizes and spray angles were found to significantly affect the experimental device's performance and alter drug distribution, respectively. Additionally, mometasone furoate (MF) nasal spray (NS) distribution patterns were investigated in a goat nasal cavity model and three male goat noses, confirming the in vitro and in vivo correlation. In conclusion, the developed human nasal structure biomimetic device has the potential to be a valuable tool for assessing nasal drug delivery system deposition and distribution.
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AIM: To study the early outcomes of anterior segment parameters after implantation of an implantable collamer lens with a central hole(ICL V4c)in patients with high myopia.METHODS:A total of 82 cases(160 eyes)with high myopia, including 42 males(82 eyes)and 40 females(78 eyes), aged 26.0±4.6(21 to 37)years, who underwent ICL V4c implantation at our institution from February 2019 to September 2022 and were followed up for 1 a, were included. The general characteristics of the anterior segment of the eye were measured preoperatively: spherical equivalent, mean horizontal corneal curvature, white-to-white(WTW), and axial length(AL); intraocular pressure(IOP), endothelial cell density(ECD), central anterior chamber depth(CACD), anterior chamber volume(ACV)and anterior chamber angle(ACA)were measured preoperatively and at 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 3 and 6 mo postoperatively. Furthermore, the distance from the centre of the posterior surface of the ICL V4c optical zone to the anterior surface of the lens(vault)was measured at 1 d, 1 wk, 1, 6 mo, and 1 a after surgery.RESULTS: The mean preoperative spherical equivalent of the patients was -7.56±2.55 D, mean horizontal corneal curvature was 42.89±1.47 D, WTW was 11.64±0.37 mm, and AL was 26.64±0.93 mm. The baseline IOP was 15.97±2.13 mmHg, and the differences in IOP at each time point after ICL V4c implantation compared to preoperative were not statistically significant(F=0.875, P=0.504); ECD was 2 989.30±140.78 cells/mm2 at baseline, and ECD at 6 mo after ICL V4c implantation was not statistically significant compared with preoperative ECD(t=1.475, P=0.142); CACD was 3.19±0.21 mm at baseline, and ACV was 210.30±27.7 mm3, and CACD and ACV were significantly lower than preoperative at all postoperative time points(F=111.10, 288.38, all P<0.001). The baseline ACA was 35.44°±11.27°, and the ACA at each time point after ICL V4c implantation was significantly lower than preoperatively(F=21.23, P<0.001). The vault was 665.32±184.03 μm at 1 d postoperatively, and continued to be significantly reduced at 1 wk, 1, 6 mo, and 1 a postoperatively compared with 1 d(F=52.10, P<0.001). However, it remained stable at 6 mo and 1 a postoperatively, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with vault at 1 mo postoperatively(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: ICL V4c has certain safety and efficiency in 1 a postoperative follow-up, and the parameters of the anterior segment of the eye stabilized in the early period.
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect of acupuncture at Huiyin (CV 1) and oral administration of western medication in treatment of chronic severe functional constipation (CSFC).@*METHODS@#A total of 64 patients with CSFC were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (32 cases, 5 cases dropped off) and a western medication group (32 cases, 4 cases dropped off). Both groups were given routine basic treatment. The acupuncture group was treated by directly puncture of 20-30 mm at Huiyin (CV 1), once a day for the first 4 weeks, 5 times a week, once every other day for the next 4 weeks, 3 times a week, totally for 8 weeks. The western medication group was treated with 2 mg prucalopride succinate tablets orally before breakfast every day for 8 weeks. The average number of weekly spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) of the two groups were observed before treatment and 1-8 weeks into treatment. The constipation symptom score before and after treatment, and in follow-up of 1 month after treatment, as well as quality of life [patient assessment of constipation quality of life questionnaire (PAC-QOL) score and the proportion of patients of PAC-QOL score difference before and after treatment≥1] before and after treatment were compared in the two groups. The clinical effects of the two groups were evaluated after treatment and in follow-up.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the average number of weekly SBM in the two groups was increased 1-8 weeks into treatment (P<0.05). The average number of weekly SBM in the acupuncture group was less than that in the western medication group 1 week into treatment (P<0.05), and the average number of weekly SBM in the observation group was more than that in the western medication group 4-8 weeks into treatment (P<0.05). The scores of constipation symptom after treatment and in follow-up and scores of PAC-QOL after-treatment in the two groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and those in the acupuncture group were lower than the western medication group (P<0.05). The proportion of patients of PAC-QOL score difference before and after treatment≥1 in the acupuncture group was higher than that in the west medication group (P<0.05). The total effective rates after treatment and in follow-up in the acupuncture group were 81.5% (22/27) and 78.3% (18/23), respectively, which were better than 42.9% (12/28) and 43.5% (10/23) in the western medication group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture at Huiyin (CV 1) can effectively increase the number of spontaneous defecation in patients with CSFC, reduce constipation symptoms, improve the quality of life, and the effect after treatment and in follow-up is better than oral western medication.
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Humans , Quality of Life , Treatment Outcome , Acupuncture Points , Constipation/therapy , Acupuncture TherapyABSTRACT
In order to increase the ability of oil-emulsion adjuvant to stimulate cellular immunity, chitosan hydrochloride with positive charge was selected to stabilize oil-in-water emulsion (CHE). In this paper, model antigen ovalbumin was selected to prepare vaccines with emulsion adjuvant, commercial adjuvant or no adjuvant. The emulsion was characterized by measuring the particle size, electric potential and antigen adsorption rate. BALB/c mice were immunized by intramuscular injection. Serum antibody levels, the numbers of IL-4-secreting cells in splenocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, and the expression of central memory T cells were measured to evaluate the immunostimulatory effect. The results showed that chitosan hydrochloride can effectively stabilize the emulsion. The emulsion size is about 600 nm, and the antigen adsorption rate is more than 90%. After immunization, CHE could increase serum antibodies levels and increase IL-4 secretion. Expression of CTL surface activation molecules was also increased to stimulate CTL response further and to increase the CD44+CD62L+ in T cells proportion. CHE as adjuvant can stimulate humoral and cellular immunity more efficiently, and is expected to extend the duration of protection.
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Animals , Mice , Chitosan , Interleukin-4 , Emulsions , Immunization , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Antigens , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the chemical components in Curcuma longa tuberous roots(HSYJ), C. longa tuberous roots processed with vinegar(CHSYJ), and rat serum after the administration. The active components of HSYJ and CHSYJ absorbed in serum were identified based on the secondary spectrum of database and literature. The targets of primary dysmenorrhea was screened out from database. The protein-protein interaction network analysis, gene ontology(GO) functional annotation, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the common targets shared by the drug active components in serum and primary dysmenorrhea, and the component-target-pathway network was constructed. AutoDock was used to conduct molecular docking between the core components and targets. A total of 44 chemical components were identified from HSYJ and CHSYJ, including 18 absorbed in serum. On the basis of network pharmacology, we identified 8 core components(including procurcumenol, isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ferulic acid, and zedoarondiol) and 10 core targets \[including interleukin-6(IL-6), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2)\]. The core targets were mainly distributed in the heart, liver, uterus, and smooth muscle. The molecular docking results showed that the core components were well bound to the core targets, indicating that HSYJ and CHSYJ may exert therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea via estrogen, ovarian steroidogenesis, tumor necrosis factor(TNF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1), IL-17 and other signaling pathways. This study clarifies the HSYJ and CHSYJ components absorbed in serum, as well as the corresponding mechanism, providing a reference for further elucidating the therapeutic material basis and clinical application of HSYJ and CHSYJ.
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Female , Humans , Animals , Rats , Acetic Acid , Curcuma , Dysmenorrhea , Molecular Docking Simulation , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Cyclooxygenase 2ABSTRACT
This study compared the effects of Curcuma longa before and after processing with vinegar on the rat model of dysmenorrhea with the syndrome of liver depression and Qi stagnation to reveal the mechanism of vinegar processing in improving the role of C. longa in soothing liver and relieving pain. The rat model of dysmenorrhea with the syndrome of liver depression and Qi stagnation was established according to the Preparation of the Animal Model of Dysmenorrhea(Draft) and the chronic unpredictable stress me-thod. The changes in the body weight, organ indexes, writhing latency, writhing score, and serum levels of six liver function indicators, sex hormones, pain factors, and blood rheological indicators were measured to evaluate the efficacy of C. longa processed with vinegar or not in treating dysmenorrhea in the rats with syndrome of liver depression and qi stagnation. Compared with the model group, the C. longa group(processed with vinegar or not) showed slow weight loss, increase in writhing latency, and decrease in writhing response(P<0.05). The inhibition rates on writhing in raw C. longa, vinegar-processed C. longa, and positive groups were 33.780%, 64.611%, and 62.466%, respectively. The significantly higher inhibition rate of the vinegar processing group indicated that vinegar-processed C. longa demonstrated more significant therapeutic effect. The vinegar-processed C. longa group showed lower levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), direct bilirubin(DBIL), and total bilirubin(TBIL) and higher level of albumin(ALB)(P<0.05), which indicated that vinegar processing enhanced the therapeutic effect of C. longa on liver injury. The serum levels of estradiol(E_2) and oxytocin(OT) were lower in the vinegar-processed C. longa group(P<0.05), indicating that the vinegar-processed C. longa could regulate the sex hormone levels, reduce the activity of uterine smooth muscle and contraction of uterus, and alleviate the symptoms of dysmenorrhea in rats. Moreover, the vinegar-processed C. longa group showed lower interleukin-6(IL-6) and arginine vasopressin(AVP) levels and higher beta-endorphin(β-EP) level(P<0.05), which indicated that vinegar-processed C. longa regulated the levels of pain factors to exert the pain-relieving effect. Drug intervention decreased the whole blood viscosity low-cut, medium-cut and high-cut values, plasma viscosity, whole blood reduction viscosity low-cut and high-cut values, erythrocyte cumulative pressure, and equation K value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(P<0.05), and the vinegar-processed C. longa group outperformed other groups. This result indicated that vinegar processing enhanced the function of C. longa in improving the local blood rheology. C. longa processed with vinegar can enter the liver to relieve the da-mage to the heart, liver, kidney, and uterus, repair the liver function, and recover the sex hormone levels and immune function by regulating the levels of sex hormones and pain factors and improving the blood rheology. It activates the pain-relieving mechanism to relieve the pain, protect the liver, and fight inflammation, which is consistent with the theory that vinegar processing facilitates C. longa entering the liver to sooth liver and relieve pain.
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Objective To investigate and analyze the level of homocysteine(Hcy)in Tibet and to analyze the differences of Hcy level in different altitude regions,genders and ages,and thus to provide the prevalence profile of hyperhomocysteine and the differences in relevant tests between HHcy(hyperhomocysteinemia)and non-HHcy pop-ulations.Methods Totally 1 615(male n＝585)subjects were selected from Ngari,Lhasa,Shigatse and Nyingchi plat-eau areas of Tibet by stratified cluster sampling.Serum Hcy level was analyzed and the difference of Hcy level in pop-ulations located at different altitude plateau areas,gender groups were found.The prevalence of hyperhomocysteine and related test were analyzed.Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare Hcy levels in different altitudes,genders and age groups,and Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare HHcy prevalence.Variance analysis was used for the differences of different test indicators between non-HHcy and HHcy populations.Results The level of Hcy in differ-ent regions and different genders were statistically significant,which was higher in males than that in females,and higher in Lhasa and Shigatse than in Nyingchi and Ngari.There was difference in serum HHcy prevalence among dif-ferent genders,regions and age groups.Males showed a higher level than females,people from Lhasa and Shigatse showed a higher level than those from Nyingchi and Ngari.Conclusions The incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia in Tibet is statistically significant in different areas,different genders and different age groups.So this study provides a scientific basis for the rational use of Hcy as an indicator in clinical practice of prevention and treatment of related diseases in plateau areas.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the protective effect of water-soluble dietary fiber fructooligosaccharides(FOS) on intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with ulcerative colitis(UC), and to find a new drug option for the treatment of patients with UC.Methods:This study used 4% dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)to induce a 7-day UC mouse model.Male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into three groups: the control group drank distilled water; The model group was given 4% DSS; The oligofructose group was administered 20 mg/mL FOS by gavage simultaneously with DSS induction.The body weight, fecal characteristics, and fecal blood status of mice daily, and the disease activity index(DAI)score were monitored.After the experiment, HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the colon tissue of mice.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Western Blot, and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin in the intestines of each group of mice.Results:Compared with control group, the weight of mice decreased and the DAI score increased in model group( P<0.05). However, the weight of mice in FOS group was higher than that in model group, and the DAI score was lower than that in model group ( P<0.05). Compared with control group, the colon length of mice in model group was shortened[(7.52±0.41)cm vs.(5.48±0.19)cm], and the histopathological score was increased (0.53±0.38 vs.3.51±0.18). However, the colon length of mice in FOS group[(6.82±0.63)cm] was longer than that in model group, and the hispathological score(2.33±0.63) was lower than that in model group.All the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin protein and its mRNA levels in model group were lower than those in control group ( P<0.05). However, those of FOS group were higher than those in model group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:FOS could alleviate the symptoms of weight loss in UC mice, reduce their DAI score, improve inflammation of colon tissue, upregulate the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin, and protect the intestinal mucosal barrier.