Exploring Modern Mechanism of Treating Diabetic Retinopathy and Coronary Heart Disease from Perspective of Blood Stasis Under Viewpoint of Treating Different Diseases with the Same Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetic retinopathy（DR） and coronary heart disease（CHD） are both major chronic vascular complications that seriously jeopardize the health of the population and often occur together in clinical practice， it is of great clinical value to actively explore the association between the two in the process of disease development and methods of prevention and treatment of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. According to TCM， the heart and eyes physiologically communicate with each other by taking Qi， blood and veins as bridges， blood stasis obstructing collaterals is the common TCM etiology of DR and CHD， whose mechanism involves inflammation， oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis plays an important role in the same treatment for different diseases and prevention and treatment of comorbidities， possibly by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， endothelin-1（ET-1） and hypoxia inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor（HIF-1α/VEGF）， regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin（PI3K/Akt/mTOR） pathway， initiating adenosine monophosphate（AMP）-activated protein kinase/silent information regulator 1（AMPK/SIRT1） and nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1（Nrf2/HO-1） signaling pathways， inhibiting Hippo/Yes-associated protein（Hippo/YAP） signaling pathway， inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore and anti-platelet agglutination for treating DR and CHD， which provides a multi-component， multi-pathway and multi-target selection strategies and ideas for the prevention and treatment of DR and CHD by TCM from a biological perspective. Based on this， subsequent studies should focus on constructing clinically relevant comorbidity models， conducting multicenter prospective studies， and fully utilizing artificial intelligence technology to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between the two diseases， so as to elucidate the mechanism of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in preventing and treating panvascular diseases.

Comparison on Rat Models of Acute Cerebral Infarction Due to Stasis Combined with Toxin Complicated with Cerebral-cardiac Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe and compare the electrocardiogram index， myocardial morphology， and connexin 43 （Cx43） expression of two rat models of acute cerebral infarction （ACI） due to stasis combined with toxin complicated with cerebral-cardiac syndrome （CCS）， and to provide experimental evidence for the research on the occurrence mechanism of cardiac diseases induced by ACI and the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CCS. MethodSixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomized into six groups （n=10）： normal ， syndrome of stasis combined with toxin induced by carrageenin combined with dry yeast （CA/Y）， multi-infarct induced by micro-embolism （ME）， middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）， CA/Y+ME， and CA/Y+MCAO groups. The model of syndrome of stasis combined with toxin was established by intraperitoneal injection with carrageenan （CA） at 10 mg·kg-1 on the first day and subcutaneous injection with dry yeast （Y） suspension （2 mg·kg-1） on the second day of modeling. Twenty-four hours after the modeling of ACI， the electrocardiograms （ECGs） of rats in each group were collected and the number/percentage （%） of abnormal ECG was calculated. The infarct area of the brain was evaluated by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining， and myocardial injury was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Immumohistochemical staining and Western blot were employed to determine the expression of Cx43 in the myocardium. ResultA certain number of rats in each model group presented abnormal ECG. Compared with the normal group and CA/Y group， CA/Y+MCAO group had the highest rate of abnormal ECG （P<0.01）. Compared with the normal， CA/Y， ME， and CA/Y+ME groups， the CA/Y+ME and CA/Y+MCAO groups showed decreased amplitudes of P-wave and T-wave， shortened P-R interval， and extended Q-T interval， which were particularly obvious in the CA/Y+MCAO group （P<0.05， P<0.01） and in accordance with the cerebral infarction area and pathological changes. The expression of Cx43 was up-regulated in both CA/Y+ME and CA/Y+MCAO groups， especially in the CA/Y+MCAO group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe two rat models of ACI due to stasis combined with toxin complicated with CCS can be used to study the mechanism of heart diseases caused by cerebrovascular diseases and the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicines with the functions of resolving stasis and detoxifying. Moreover， the CA/Y+MCAO method has higher abnormal electrocardiogram rate， severer myocardial pathological injury， and higher expression of Cx43 protein. The models can be chosen according to specific experimental purpose.

Effect of volleyball training on physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance of college students / Efeito do treinamento de vôlei sobre a aptidão física e a resistência cardiopulmonar de estudantes universitários / Efecto del entrenamiento de voleibol en la aptitud física y la resistencia cardiopulmonar de estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: Volleyball consists mainly of aerobic activities, causing positive impacts on cardiopulmonary resistance and the physical fitness of college students. Studying scientifically the training impacts of this sport can provide a scientific reference to support student training. Objective: Study the effects of volleyball training on college students' physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance. Methods: Second-year physical education students at a university were randomly selected for the experiment (n=50). Divided into the experimental group - adopting volleyball training and practice and control - with traditional athletics, they underwent a full semester of targeted physical activities. Physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance tests were performed before and after the experiment, and the results of the test batteries were cataloged and statistically confronted. Results: The experimental class students' results were superior in the physical fitness tests(P<0.05). The difference in the impact on final inter-group cardiopulmonary resistance was not so evident, demonstrating that both interventions resulted in good conditioning. Conclusion: Volleyball training positively impacted college students' physical fitness and cardiopulmonary endurance. It also increased the students' interest in the sport, optimizing the college students' physical quality and improving their cardiopulmonary resistance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O voleibol é constituído principalmente por atividades aeróbicas, causando impactos positivos sobre a resistência cardiopulmonar e aptidão física dos estudantes universitários. Estudar cientificamente os impactos do treinamento desse esporte pode fornecer uma referência científica para embasar o treinamento estudantil. Objetivo: Estudar os efeitos do treinamento de voleibol sobre a aptidão física e a resistência cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários. Métodos: Alunos do segundo ano de educação física em uma universidade foram selecionados aleatoriamente para o experimento (n=50). Divididos em grupo experimental - adotando treinamento e prática de voleibol e controle - com atletismo tradicional, foram submetidos a um semestre completo de atividades físicas direcionadas. Testes de aptidão física e resistência cardiopulmonar foram executados antes e após o experimento, os resultados das baterias de testes foram catalogados e confrontados estatisticamente. Resultados: Os resultados dos alunos da classe experimental foram superiores nas provas de aptidão física (P<0.05). A diferença no impacto sobre a resistência cardiopulmonar final inter-grupo não foi tão evidente, demonstrando que ambas intervenções acarretaram em um bom condicionamento. Conclusão: O treinamento de vôlei apresentou impactos positivos sobre a aptidão física e a resistência cardiopulmonar dos estudantes universitários. Também aumentou o interesse dos alunos pelo esporte, otimizando a qualidade física dos estudantes universitários e melhorando a sua resistência cardiopulmonar. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El voleibol está constituido principalmente por actividades aeróbicas, causando impactos positivos en la resistencia cardiopulmonar y en la aptitud física de los estudiantes universitarios. Estudiar científicamente los impactos del entrenamiento de este deporte puede proporcionar una referencia científica en la que basar el entrenamiento de los alumnos. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del entrenamiento de voleibol sobre la aptitud física y la resistencia cardiopulmonar de estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Para el experimento se seleccionaron aleatoriamente estudiantes de segundo curso de educación física de una universidad (n=50). Divididos en grupo experimental -que adoptó entrenamiento y práctica de voleibol- y control -con atletismo tradicional-, se sometieron a un semestre completo de actividades físicas dirigidas. Se realizaron pruebas de aptitud física y resistencia cardiopulmonar antes y después del experimento, se catalogaron los resultados de las baterías de pruebas y se confrontaron estadísticamente. Resultados: Los resultados de los alumnos de la clase experimental fueron superiores en las pruebas de aptitud física (P<0,05). La diferencia en el impacto sobre la resistencia cardiopulmonar final intergrupos no fue tan evidente, lo que demuestra que ambas intervenciones dieron lugar a un buen acondicionamiento. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de voleibol presentó impactos positivos sobre la aptitud física y la resistencia cardiopulmonar de los estudiantes universitarios. También aumentó el interés de los alumnos por el deporte, optimizando la calidad física de los universitarios y mejorando su resistencia cardiopulmonar. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Influences of high-intensity interval training on physical ability in volleyball / Influências do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre a habilidade física do voleibol / Influencias del entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad en la capacidad física del voleibol

ABSTRACT Introduction: Traditional physical training has a good effect on the improvement of strength and quality indicators of the athletes; however, recent pieces of evidence indicate that relating it to high-intensity interval training may reduce the physical problems of its practitioners, besides accelerating the physical skills required by volleyball. Objective: Study the application of high-intensity interval training on the physical ability of volleyball players. Methods: 40 volunteers were recruited, among freshmen and university students, practicing volleyball. They were divided equally into the control and experimental group. The control group used traditional physical training based on aerobic exercise, while the experimental group adopted a high-intensity interval training program. Each session lasted 1.5 hours, twice a week, for 9 weeks. Relevant physical and functional data were individually collected before and after the intervention, compared, and statistically analyzed. Results: There was an increase in the quality of the long-distance throw, horizontal pull force, 800 m run, 30 m run, cross jump, and repeated crossing experiment. Conclusion: The high-intensity interval training protocol raised the fitness level of volleyball players, allowing optimization of performance on the court. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento físico tradicional apresenta um bom efeito na melhoria da força e dos indicadores de qualidade dos atletas, porém evidências recentes indicam que relaciona-lo ao treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade possa reduzir os problemas físicos de seus praticantes além de acelerar as habilidades físicas requeridas pelo voleibol. Objetivo: Estudar a aplicação do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre a habilidade física dos praticantes de voleibol. Métodos: Foram recrutados 40 voluntários entre calouros e alunos da universidade, praticantes de voleibol. Eles foram divididos igualmente em grupo controle e experimental. O grupo de controle utilizou o treinamento físico tradicional baseado em exercício aeróbico enquanto o experimental adotou o programa de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. Cada sessão durou 1,5 horas, duas vezes por semana, por 9 semanas. Os dados físicos e funcionais relevantes foram individualmente coletados antes e após a intervenção, comparados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Houve um aumento na qualidade do arremesso de longa distância, força de tração horizontal, corrida de 800 m, corrida de 30 m, salto transversal e no experimento de cruzamento repetido. Conclusão: O protocolo de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade elevou o nível de aptidão física nos jogadores de vôlei, permitindo uma otimização de desempenho na quadra. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento físico tradicional tiene un buen efecto en la mejora de los indicadores de fuerza y calidad de los atletas; sin embargo, recientes evidencias indican que relacionarlo con el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad puede reducir los problemas físicos de sus practicantes, además de acelerar las habilidades físicas requeridas por el voleibol. Objetivo: Estudiar la aplicación del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre la capacidad física de los practicantes de voleibol. Métodos: Se reclutaron 40 voluntarios, entre estudiantes de primer año y universitarios, practicantes de voleibol. Se dividieron a partes iguales en grupo de control y grupo experimental. El grupo de control utilizó un entrenamiento físico tradicional basado en ejercicios aeróbicos, mientras que el grupo experimental adoptó un programa de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad. Cada sesión duró 1,5 horas, dos veces por semana durante 9 semanas. Se recogieron individualmente datos físicos y funcionales relevantes antes y después de la intervención, se compararon y se analizaron estadísticamente. Resultados: Hubo un aumento en la calidad del lanzamiento de larga distancia, la fuerza de tracción horizontal, la carrera de 800 m, la carrera de 30 m, el salto cruzado y en el experimento de cruce repetido. Conclusión: El protocolo de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad elevó el nivel de condición física en jugadores de voleibol, permitiendo una optimización del rendimiento en la cancha. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

METTL3-mediated m6A modification involved in electrical remodeling of atrial cardiomyocytes under high hydrostatic pressure / 中国药理学通报

To investigate the regulation of N6- methyladenosine ( m6A ) modification on L-type calcium channels in atrial myocytes under high hydrostatic pressure, mediated by methyltransferase-like protein 3 ( METTL3 ). Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the control group and the hypertension group ( treated with continuous administration of angiotensin for four weeks ). Masson staining was used to observe the fibrosis of mouse atrial tissue, while dot blot assay and Western blot were used to detect the levels of m6A, METTL3, and Cavi1 2 in the atrial tissue. A high hydrostatic pressure model was constructed using the HL-1 cell line cultured in vitro, and METTL3 was intervened to observe changes in m6A expression levels, METTL3 and Cavi1 2 levels in cells,and action potential duration ( APD ) and L-type calcium current ( I

Effects of traditional korean medicine Lurong Dabu Decoction on TLR4/WNT-5A signaling pathway in guinea pigs with cough variant asthma / 中国药理学通报

Aim To discuss the mechanism of Lurong Dabu Decoction on cough variant asthma. Methods Guinea pigs were divided into normal group(CON), model group(OVA), Lurong Dabu Decoction high-dose group(HIGH),low-dose group(LOW), and dexamethasone group(DEX)at random. The CVA model was established by smoking plus injection of OVA, aluminum hydroxide solution and nebulized inhalation to stimulate cough. Gguinea pigs were dissected 24 hours after the last challenge to obtain alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and lung tissues. Immunoadsorption(ELISA)method was applied to detect the types of inflammatory cells and the content of inflammatory cytokines in BALF; HE and Masson staining of the middle lobe of the left lung were used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues; immunohistochemical staining was used to observe TLR4 and WNT-5A protein expression and distribution of lung tissues; the protein extracted from the upper lobe of the left lung was used to measure the level of TLR4 and WNT-5A protein in lung tissues by Western blot; immunofluorescence was employed to measure the fluorescence intensity of TLR4 and WNT-5A in lung tissues; flow cytometry was used to detect IL-4 and IFN-γ in guinea pig lung tissues. Results Lurong Dabu Decoction could improve guinea pig airway inflammation, inhibit collagen fiber deposition, reduce the content of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in BALF, and inhibit the protein expression of TLR4 and WNT-5A in lung tissues and increase IFN-γ levels in lung tissues while decreasing IL-4 levels. Conclusion Lurong Dabu Decoction may inhibit the occurrence of CVA through TLR4/WNT-5A signaling pathway.

Effect of Rubus irritans Focke extract on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of Rubus irritans Focke extract on adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and to further explore the potential mechanism of Rubus irritans Focke on adipocyte metabolism, so as to provide a new basis for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Methods Rubus irritans Focke extract was separated and prepared by MCI medium pressure chromatographic column. MTT method was used to detect cell proliferation, and oil red 0 staining and kit test was used to to detect the level of lipid accumulation. Western blot was employed to detect the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ¦y (PPAR7), CCAAT enhancer binding protein a (C/ EBPa), adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) protein. Results When the concentration of Rubus irritans Focke extract was less than 100 mg •L

Traditional Korean medicine Lurong Dabu decoction regulates airway remodeling through WNT5A and TLR4 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Methods The model of heart failure after myocardial infarction was established by left coronary artery liga-tion in rats. Two weeks after modeling, all rats were randomly divided into model group, LGZGD group, and captopril group. Meanwhile sham operation group was set up. The rats were given continuous intragastric administration with drug or distilled water for 28 days, once a day. The behavioral signs of rats in each group were observed. The cardiac function of rats in each group was examined by echocardiography. Serum BNP and NT-ProBNP content were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay; The changes of myocardial his-topathological and collagen fibers in rats were detected using sirius staining. The contents of oxidative stress index including ROS, SOD in myocardial tissue of rats in each group were observed by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe and Enzyme-linked immunoassay. The ultra-structure of mitochondria was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Expressions of apoptotic proteins ( mitochondrial CytC, cytoplasmic CytC) were detec- ted by Western blot. Expression of proteins related to the Nrf2/BNIP3 pathway were examined by immunoflu-orescence and Western blot. Results LGZGD could significantly improve the cardiac function of rats, reduce the contents of BNP and NT-ProBNP, inhibit the excessive deposition of collagen in myocardial interstiti-um, reduce ROS, increase the content of SOD, improve mitochondrial structure damage, up-regulate the expression of Nrf2 and nuclear translocation, and reduce the expression of BNIP3. Conclusions LGZGD can inhibit the ventricular remodeling and prevent the occurrence of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Its pharmacological effects are mainly related to regulating the Nrf2/BNIP3 pathway, activating Nrf2, promoting its nuclear transfer, and further down-regulating BNIP3 , protecting mitochondrial function, and reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum ameliorate liver fibrosis via agonizing PP2Cα and inhibiting deposition of extracellular matrix / 中国天然药物

Gypenosides, structurally analogous to ginsenosides and derived from a sustainable source, are recognized as the principal active compounds found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a Chinese medicinal plant used in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. By bioactive tracking isolation of the plants collected from different regions across China, we obtained four new gypenosides (1-4), together with nine known gypenosides (5-13), from the methanol extract of the plant. The structures of new gypenosides were elucidated by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, complemented by chemical degradation experiments. Through comprehensive evaluation involving COL1A1 promoter assays and PP2Cα activity assays, we established a definitive structure-activity relationship for these dammarane-type triterpenoids, affirming the indispensability of the C-3 saccharide chain and C-17 lactone ring in effectively impeding extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition within hepatic stellate cells. Further in vivo study on the CCl4-induced liver damage mouse model corroborated that compound 5 significantly ameliorated the process of hepatic fibrosis by oral administration. These results underscore the potential of dammarane-type triterpenoids as prospective anti-fibrotic leads and highlight their prevalence as key molecular frameworks in the therapeutic intervention of chronic hepatic disorders.

Evaluation of toxin-induced injury and protective effect of triptolide based on a cardiovascular chip model / 药学实践杂志

Objective To construct a cardiovascular chip model for evaluating the damage of vascular glycocalyx induced by four marine toxins: okadaic acid (OA), conotoxin (CTX), tetrodotoxin (TTX) and gymnodimine (GYM), and explore the protective effect of triptolide on toxin-induced injury. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells（HUVEC) were inoculated into a three-channel microfluidic chip. CCK-8 method and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the damage of cell viability and glycocalyx tissue induced by low, middle and high concentrations of marine toxin, as well as the protective effect of triptolide on toxin-induced injury. Results The cells in the cardiovascular chip grew well and had structurally intact glycocalyx. Compared with the control group, the activity of HUVEC cells were inhibited in group of the medium and high concentration of OA and high concentration of GYM (P<0.05). The activity of cells had not been inhibited by CTX and TTX significantly , but all the four toxins caused serious damage to the glycocalyx tissue (P<0.01). After pre-protection with triptolide, the toxicity of the four toxins to HUVEC cells and the damage rate of glycocalyx decreased significantly. Conclusion The four marine biotoxins could damage the activity and glycocalyx of HUVEC cells in a dose-dependent manner, while triptolide has a protective effect on HUVEC cells injured by toxin.

Application of metabonomics in breast cancer / 药学实践杂志

Breast cancer is a kind of malignant tumor discovered lately, with a high incidence and a poor prognosis. The shortage of relevant biological biomarkers lead to the unsatisfactory treatment efficacy and the early diagnosis in breast cancer. Metabolomics is a new discipline that uses high-throughput analysis techniques to study the dynamic changes of endogenous metabolites under the influence of different pathological physiological stimulation or gene mutations, which has provided a novel way for biomarker screening and disease diagnosis and treatment. The overview of metabolomics and its applications in breast cancer early diagnosis, drug efficacy evaluation, and disease prognosis were summarized in this review.

Progress of research on application of chondroitin sulfate in osteogenic repair materials / 口腔医学

@#Chondroitin sulfate is an important component of extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal and human body. In recent years, chondroitin sulfate has been proven to have potential efficacy in biomedical application and has been widely used in bone regeneration and osteogenesis, especially in craniofacial reconstruction and dental medicine. Research shows that chondroitin sulfate derivatives and chondroitin sulfate composite scaffolds have great potential in promoting osteogenesis and biomineralization. However, due to the variety of chondroitin sulfate and various application forms, study on its mechanism of osteogenic repair is still insufficient. In this paper, biological characteristics, bone regeneration and osteogenesis of chondroitin sulfate, its application in different biomaterial design and future prospect are discussed.

Establishment and Evaluation of Animal Models of Combined Stasis and Toxin Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo screen and establish animal models of combined stasis and toxin syndrome based on the comparison of three modeling methods， i.e.， carrageenan （Ca）， Ca combined with dried yeast （Ca+Yeast）， and Ca combined with lipopolysaccharide （Ca+LPS）. MethodForty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group， Ca group， Ca+Yeast group， and Ca+LPS group， with 10 rats in each group. The Ca group， Ca+Yeast group， and Ca+LPS group received an intraperitoneal injection of Ca （10 mg·kg-1） on the first day. The Ca+LPS group received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS （50 μg·kg-1） on the second day， and the Ca+Yeast group received a subcutaneous injection of dry yeast suspension （2 mg·kg-1） on the back on the second day. The rectal temperature of each group was dynamically observed after modeling. After 24 hours of modeling， the macroscopic evaluation indexes， including tongue manifestation， pulse， and black tail length in each group were observed. The PeriCam PSI imaging system was used to detect the blood flow perfusion of the rat tail. The automatic hemorheology analyzer was used to measure the whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity of each group. The PL platelet function analyzer was used to detect the platelet aggregation rate of the rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the interleukin-6 （IL-6） level in the rat plasma. The myocardial tissue， brain tissue， and lung tissue of each group of rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. ResultCompared with the normal group， all three model groups showed varying degrees of black tail （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced blood flow perfusion at the tail end （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased R， G， and B values of tongue manifestation （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and increased maximum platelet aggregation rate （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The pulse amplitudes of the Ca+Yeast group and the Ca+LPS group were lower than that of the normal group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the average rectal temperature of the Ca+Yeast group increased after 24 hours of modeling （P<0.01）， and the low-， medium-， and high-shear whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） as compared with those in the normal group. Additionally， the expression level of the plasma inflammatory factor IL-6 was significantly up-regulated （P<0.05）. Pathological morphology results showed that the Ca+Yeast group had the most severe pathological changes， with small foci of myocardial fiber dissolution， inflammatory cell infiltration， and fibroblast proliferation observed. In the hippocampal area， the neurons were sparse and had undergone red degeneration. In the small focus of the lung interstitium， lymphocytes and neutrophils were infiltrated. ConclusionThe animal model of combined stasis and toxin syndrome was properly established using Ca+Yeast. The systematic evaluation system of the model， which includes traditional Chinese medicine four diagnostic information， western medicine microscopic indicators， and tissue pathological morphology， is worthy of consideration and reference by researchers.

Effects of electroacupuncture on gait and proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell in rats with acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on threshold of pain, gait, proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell in rats with acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle, and to explore the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture in promoting the repair of acute injury of skeletal muscle.@*METHODS@#A total of 48 SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (6 rats), a model group (24 rats) and an electroacupuncture group (18 rats). In the model group and the electroacupuncture group, the model of acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle was established by self-made impactor. In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture was applied at "Chengshan" (BL 57) and "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) on the right side, with disperse-dense wave, in frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz, once a day, 30 min each time. Electroacupuncture intervention was performed for 3, 7 and 14 days according to the sampling time. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after modeling, the mechanical withdrawal pain threshold of hindfoot was detected by Von Frey method; the standing time and the maximum contact area of the right hindfoot were recorded by Cat Walk XTTM animal gait analysis instrument; the morphology of the right gastrocnemius muscle and the number of inflammatory cells were observed by HE staining; the positive expression of paired box gene 7 (Pax7) and myogenic differentiation (MyoD) of the right gastrocnemius muscle was detected by immunofluorescence.@*RESULTS@#After modeling, the muscle fiber rupture and massive infiltration of red blood cells and inflammatory cells were observed in the right gastrocnemius muscle; after electroacupuncture intervention, the morphology of muscle fiber was intact and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was improved. Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the differences of mechanical withdrawal pain threshold between the left and right foot were increased (P<0.05), the standing time was shortened and the maximum contact area of the right hindfoot was decreased (P<0.05), the number of inflammatory cells and the positive expression of Pax7 and MyoD of the right gastrocnemius muscle were increased (P<0.05) on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after modeling. Compared with the model group, in the electroacupuncture group, the differences of mechanical withdrawal pain threshold were decreased (P<0.05), the standing time was prolonged (P<0.05), the number of inflammatory cells of right gastrocnemius muscle was decreased (P<0.05) on the 7th and 14th days after modeling; the maximum contact area of the right hindfoot was increased (P<0.05), the positive expression of MyoD of the right gastrocnemius muscle was increased (P<0.05) on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after modeling; the positive expression of Pax7 of the right gastrocnemius muscle was increased (P<0.05) on the 3rd day after modeling.@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture can effectively improve the pain threshold and gait in rats with acute blunt trauma of gastrocnemius muscle, and promote the repair of skeletal muscle injury, the mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of Pax7 and MyoD, so as to promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cell.

External quality assessment of laboratories in blood stations of Hebei Province in 2022: a retrospective analysis of HeBEQA project / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To conduct the laboratory quality assessment between 12 blood stations in Hebei province, analyze the results and explore the accuracy and comparability of testing, so as to improve the level of testing ability and quality management. 【Methods】 With reference to the external quality assessment rules of National Center for Clinical Laboratories and combined with the instructions of quality assessment samples, daily testing process of the laboratories were assessed. The quality indicators include blood cell count (WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PLT), biochemical items (TP) and coagulation parameters (FIB and FⅧ). 【Results】 There are still problems in laboratories in terms of personnel operation, instrument maintenance and the impact of different reagent batches, especially in biochemical items and coagulation parameters. The pass rate of biochemical items was the lowest, only 72.75%, and that of blood cell count was the highest, reaching 98.75%. 【Conclusion】 With the progress of the project, the quality monitoring level of daily blood sampling tests in the quality control laboratory of each blood station has been improved. However, it is still necessary for each laboratory to improve the testing ability and quality management to a higher level in Hebei.

Advances in metabolomics of cholangiocarcinoma / 药学实践杂志

As a highly malignant tumor, the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is often late and the prognosis is poor for which the early symptoms are atypical and the lack of accurate biomarkers. Metabolomics is an emerging science that researches the alterations of all endogenous small molecule metabolites in an organism under the influence of pathological, physiological or genetic modification. The development and progress of CCA is closely related to metabolism. Metabolomic is characterized by global analysis, high throughput and reflects real-time alterations in biology system, providing a new avenue for biomarker screening and diseases diagnosis and treatment. The advances of metabolomics studies on CCA in the recent years were reviewed in this paper which could provide the reference for further research.

Separation, characterization, and antiviral activity of colloidal phase state of Maxing Shigan Decoction / 中国中药杂志

This study focused on the separation, characterization, content determination, and antiviral efficacy research on colloidal particles with different sizes in Maxing Shigan Decoction(MXSG). The mixed colloidal phase of MXSG was initially separated into small colloidal particle segment(S), medium colloidal particle segment(M), and big colloidal particle segment(B) using ultrafiltration. Further fine separation was performed using size-exclusion chromatography. Dynamic light scattering(DLS) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) were employed to characterize the size and morphology of the separated colloidal particles. UPLC-MS/MS was used to determine the content of ephedrine, amygdalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and the EDTA complexometric titration was used to measure the calcium(Ca~(2+)) content in different colloidal phases. Finally, a respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) infection mouse model was established using intranasal administration. The experimental groups included a blank group, a model group, a ribavirin group, an MXSG group, an S group, an M group, and a B group. Oral administration was given for treatment, and pathological changes in mouse lung tissue and organ indices were evaluated. The results of the study showed that the distribution of ephedrine, amygdalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and Ca~(2+) content was not uniform among different colloidal segments. Among them, the B segment had the highest proportions of the three components, except for Ca~(2+), accounting for 46.35%, 53.72%, and 92.36%, respectively. Size-exclusion chromatography separated colloidal particles with uniform morphology in the size range of 100-500 nm. Compared to the S and M segments, the B segment showed an increased lung index inhibition rate(38.31%), spleen index, and thymus index in RSV-infected mice, and it improved the infiltration of inflammatory cells and lung injury in the lung tissue of mice. The complex components in MXSG form colloidal particles of various sizes and morphologies through heating, and small-molecule active components such as ephedrine, amygdalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and Ca~(2+) participate in the assembly to varying degrees. The main material basis for the antiviral effect of MXSG is the colloidal particles with certain particle sizes formed by the assembly of active components during the heating process.

Clinical Application of Supplementing Essence and Boosting Marrow Method in the Treatment of Encephalopathy Based on the Marrow Sea Theory / 中医杂志

As the guiding theory for the diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， The marrow sea theory has important theoretical connotation and clinical value. This paper summarized the clinical research literature on the differentiation and treatment of common encephalopathy based on the marrow sea theory published in recent years， analyzed the treatment method and effects from eight aspects in terms of stroke， dizziness， insomnia， headache， constraint syndrome， dementia， tremor syndrome， and atrophy syndrome， and discussed the possible mechanism based on the relevant basic research. It is believed that marrow sea depletion is the common pathogenesis of encephalopathy in TCM. Guided by the method of supplementing essence and boosting marrow， the corresponding formulas and medicinals are recommended in accordance with differentiated syndromes， which can effectively improve the symptoms of the disease， delay the progression， increase the daily life ability of the patients， and improve the quality of life. Based on the marrow sea theory， the method of supplementing essence and boosting marrow， rectifying healthy qi and dispelling pathogen can be used to highlight the advantages of TCM and provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy in TCM.

Pathogenesis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment Strategy of Diabetic Vascular Calcification Based on Theory of Stasis-toxin-deficiency / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Vascular complications are the primary cause of the high disability and mortality in diabetic patients. Vascular calcification is a pathological basis of diabetic vascular complications and increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events and the difficulty of revascularization in diabetic patients. It is of great clinical value to explore the measures for prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular calcification with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. This paper explores the intrinsic association of stasis， toxin， and deficiency with diabetic vascular calcification to reveal the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular calcification. Stasis and toxin are causally affected by and combined with each other； deficiency refers to the deficiency of healthy Qi and the loss of Qi and blood. The three elements are associated with the occurrence and development of blood vessel diseases. This paper proposes the evolutional law of stasis， toxin， and deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for diabetic vascular calcification. Specifically， diabetic vascular calcification is rooted in the stasis of meridians and collaterals， develops due to the combination of stasis and toxin， and is aggravated by middle Qi deficiency. Furthermore， this paper proposes the TCM intervention principle of activating blood， removing toxin， tonifying deficiency， and dredging collaterals for the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular calcification. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for clinical and translational research on the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular calcification with integrated Chinese and Western medicine.

Thought of Treatment of Orifices Based on Correspondence Between Drugs and Symptoms in Chinese Herbal Classics in Past Dynasties / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo discuss the thought of treatment of orifices in the Chinese herbal classics in the past dynasties based on the correspondence between drugs and symptoms to guide the clinical treatment based on syndrome differentiation. MethodAll the literature data of Chinese herbal classics were retrieved from the database of the Chinese Medical Dictionary， involving 76 works of Chinese herbal classics and covering representative works from the Han dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties. The information on Chines herbal drugs for the treatment of orifices was collected and sorted out. According to Chinese Materia Medica （11th Edition） and Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China （2020 Edition）， the nature， flavor， and meridian tropism of the selected Chinese herbal drugs were statistically analyzed. The pathogenesis elements in the treatment of orifices were classified and counted， and the contents of syndrome differentiation and treatment in various Chinese herbal classics were extracted. ResultIn 76 Chinese herbal classics in the past dynasties， 93 Chinese herbal drugs for the treatment of orifices were selected. The nature of drugs was mainly warm， followed by cold and mild. The flavor was mainly pungent， followed by bitter and sweet. In terms of meridian tropism， drugs mainly acted on the lung meridian， followed by stomach， heart， liver， spleen， and kidney meridians. The pathogenesis elements of orifices could be divided into six categories， i.e.， wind invasion， turbid obstruction and Qi stagnation， water and dampness stagnation， blood stasis and collaterals blockage， heat and toxin damage， deficiency of vital Qi and cold coagulation. ConclusionOrifices are mainly treated with drugs effective in dispelling wind and pathogenic factors， resolving turbidity and removing stagnation， inducing diuresis and eliminating dampness， promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals， clearing heat and purging fire， tonifying deficiency and dispelling cold， which are used in combination. Eliminating pathogenic factors and dredging， tonifying deficiency and purging excess are the main characteristics of treatment of orifices based on syndrome differentiation， which is in line with the physiological dysfunction state of orifices in losing the function， evil Qi blockage and healthy Qi deficiency.