Questões conjunturais sobre a regulação da IA / Conjunctural issues in AI regulation / Cuestiones coyunturales sobre la regulación de la IA

O texto parte da disputa em torno da regulação da inteligência artificial (IA) realmente existente, dividida entre dois polos, o da proteção da inovação e o da necessidade de mitigar riscos sociais e ambientais. Avança para apontar a colossal concentração de poder computacional e de dados nas mãos dos oligopólios digitais, as big techs. Levanta preocupações sobre o impacto dessa concentração na soberania digital e na capacidade do país em controlar suas infraestruturas e dados. Argumenta como a falta de transparência e explicabilidade nos sistemas de IA agrava os riscos de discriminação e exclusão social. Ainda, defende que a regulação da IA deve garantir direitos, salvaguardar a soberania e promover um ecossistema digital autônomo e inclusivo.

The text begins by addressing the debate surrounding the regulation of existing artificial intelligence (AI), divided between two poles: the protection of innovation and the need to mitigate social and environmental risks. It progresses to highlight the colossal concentration of computational power and data in the hands of digital oligopolies, the big tech companies. The text raises concerns about the impact of this concentration on digital sovereignty and the country's ability to control its infrastructures and data. It argues that the lack of transparency and explainability in AI systems exacerbates the risks of discrimination and social exclusion. The text advocates that AI regulation should ensure rights, safeguard sovereignty, and promote an autonomous and inclusive digital ecosystem.

El texto parte de la disputa en torno a la regulación de la inteligencia artificial (IA) existente, dividida entre dos polos: la protección de la innovación y la necesidad de mitigar riesgos sociales y ambientales. Avanza para señalar la colosal concentración de poder computacional y de datos en manos de los oligopolios digitales, las big tech. Plantea preocupaciones sobre el impacto de esta concentración en la soberanía digital y en la capacidad del país para controlar sus infraestructuras y datos. Argumenta que la falta de transparencia y explicabilidad en los sistemas de IA agrava los riesgos de discriminación y exclusión social. El texto defiende que la regulación de la IA debe garantizar derechos, salvaguardar la soberanía y promover un ecosistema digital autónomo e inclusivo.

A comparative study of ProRithm and standard monitoring techniques for non-invasive blood pressure measurement using photoplethysmography and electrocardiography signals through artificial intelligence/machine learning methods

Background: Multi-parameter monitoring devices are essential for providing real-time patient data, which is crucial for effective healthcare interventions. This clinical trial evaluated the accuracy of the ProRithm beat-to-beat cuffless device for arterial blood pressure monitoring, comparing it with a standard sphygmomanometer. Methods: This observational study included 30 subjects aged 18 and above. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements from both the ProRithm device and the Philips Monitor were compared using statistical analysis. Results: The analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between the ProRithm device and the manual method. In comparison with manual measurements using a sphygmomanometer, the mean systolic blood pressure was 131.2 mmHg with ProRithm it was 129.3 mmHg. Similarly, with the manual method, while the mean diastolic blood pressure was 76.2 mmHg and with ProRithm it was 75.9 mmHg. Conclusions: This study indicates that portable, small-sized devices like ProRithm, which facilitate remote monitoring, are effective for real-time blood pressure assessment in clinical settings.

FLAVONOIDS IN ACACIA CATECHU BARK EXTRACTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS IN GUNA, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

Objective: The objective of this work is to examine the overall flavonoid content in bark samples of Acacia catechu obtained from the Guna region of Madhya Pradesh, India, using several extraction methods. Furthermore, this study has incorporated current literature, conducted bibliographic analysis, examined co-authorship studies, and gathered other pertinent material to augment comprehension and underscore the importance of the research.Methods: For the purpose of this experiment, a total of thirty samples of test plants were gathered from the research region throughout various seasons. Each individual sample was prepared with six different solvents. Following this, a standardized laboratory technique was used to undertake quantitative testing. The bibliographic analysis was conducted using Dimension AI and VOS viewer software in the timeframe of 1975-2024 (till March 8, 2024).Results: Findings indicated that the polar organic solvents methanol, ethanol, acetone, and the aqueous extracts were shown to display a substantial quantity of flavonoids, chloroform extracts exhibited negligible and benzene extracts were found to be entirely devoid of the same. The comparative bibliographic investigations have confirmed the need to study the possible medicinal properties of test plants in the Guna region.Conclusion: This preliminary study has the potential to identify new, economically viable, and readily available sources of flavonoids, which are natural antioxidants present in the indigenous flora of the Guna region.

Artificial intelligence and mental health: a review article

The term AI was originally coined by a computer scientist, John McCarthy, who defined it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. The father of AI authored a 1950 article, 揅omputing Machinery and intelligence� that discussed the reasons for considering a machine to be intelligent. Artificial intelligence is useful to facilitate faster disease detection. It helps to understand disease progression, improve medication/treatment dosages, and discover innovative treatments. The artificial intelligence tools mostly used for psychosis risk screening are chatbots and large-scale social media data analysis. Chatbot is a computer program that allows human-computer interactions in the form of textual dialogue based on the technology of natural language processing. The world's first chatbot, ELIZA, was designed in the 1960s and responds to special rules by recognizing keywords in user-entered text. Chatbots in the mental healthcare field include Tess, Florence, Buoy Health, and Your. Md. In addition to natural language processing, the machine learning methods adopted by chatbots also include natural language understanding, artificial neural networks, and recurrent neural networks.

Artificial intelligence ChatGPT in ophthalmology and scientific writing / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

ChatGPT is a large language models(LLMs)that uses deep learning techniques to produce human-like responses to natural language inputs. It belongs to the family of generative pre-training transformer(GPT)models currently publicly available developed by OpenAI in November 2022. ChatGPT is capable of capturing the nuances and intricacies of human language, generating appropriate and contextually relevant responses. It can assist medical professionals in various tasks, such as research, diagnosis, patient monitoring, and medical education, from identifying research programs to assisting in clinical and laboratory diagnosis, to know new developments in their fields and scientific writing. ChatGPT has also attracted increasing attention and widely used in ophthalmology. However, the use of ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence tools in such tasks comes now with several limitations, ethical and legal concerns, such as credibility, plagiarism, copyright infringement, and biases. Future research can focus on developing new methods to mitigate these limitations while harnessing the benefits of ChatGPT in medicine and related aspects.

Mechanism of Qizhu Kang'ai Prescription for Inhibiting Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating Tumor Metabolic Reprogramming via PCK1/Akt/p21 Signal Axis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Qizhu Kang'ai prescription （QZAP） on the gluconeogenesis enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 （PCK1） in the liver of mouse model of liver cancer induced by diethylnitrosamine （DEN） combined with carbon tetrachloride （CCl4） and Huh7 cells of human liver cancer， so as to explore the mechanism on regulating metabolic reprogramming and inhibiting cell proliferation of liver cancer cells. MethodDEN combined with CCl4 was used to construct a mouse model of liver cancer via intraperitoneal injection. A normal group， a model group， and a QZAP group were set up， in which QZAP （3.51 g·kg-1） or an equal volume of normal saline was administered daily by gavage， respectively. Serum and liver samples were collected after eight weeks of intervention. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， γ-glutamyltransferase （γ-GT）， and alpha-fetoprotein （AFP） in mice were detected to evaluate liver function changes of mice in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe pathological changes in liver tissue. In the cell experiment， Huh7 cells were divided into blank group， QZAP low， medium， and high dose groups and/or PCK1 inhibitor （SKF-34288 hydrochloride） group， and Sorafenib group. The corresponding drug-containing serum and drug treatment were given， respectively. Cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） method， colony formation experiment， Edu fluorescent labeling detection， intracellular adenosine triphosphate （ATP） content detection， and cell cycle flow cytometry detection were used to evaluate the proliferation ability， energy metabolism changes， and change in the cell cycle of Huh7 cells in each group. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of PCK1， serine/threonine kinase （Akt）， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， and cell cycle-dependent protein kinase inhibitor 1A （p21）. ResultCompared with the model group， the pathological changes such as cell atypia， necrosis， and collagen fiber deposition in liver cancer tissue of mice in the QZAP group were alleviated， and the number of liver tumors was reduced （P<0.01）. The serum ALT， AST， γ-GT， and AFP levels were reduced （P<0.01）. At the cell level， compared with the blank group， low， medium， and high-dose groups of QZAP-containing serum and the Sorafenib group could significantly reduce the survival rate of Huh7 cells （P<0.01） and the number of positive cells with Edu labeling （P<0.01） and inhibit clonal proliferation ability （P<0.01）. The QZAP groups could also reduce the intracellular ATP content （P<0.05） and increase the distribution ratio of the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle （P<0.05） in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the model group and blank group， PCK1 and p21 protein levels of mouse liver cancer tissue and Huh7 cells in the QZAP groups were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the p-Akt protein level was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the ATP content and cell survival rate of Huh7 cells in the SKF-34288 hydrochloride group were significantly increased （P<0.05）， but there was no statistical difference in the ratio of Edu-positive cells and the proportion of G0/G1 phase distribution. Compared with the SKF-34288 hydrochloride group， the QZAP combined with the SKF-34288 hydrochloride group significantly reduced the ATP content， cell survival rate， and Edu-positive cell ratio of Huh7 cells （P<0.05） and significantly increased the G0/G1 phase distribution proportion （P<0.05）. ConclusionQZAP may induce the metabolic reprogramming of liver cancer cells by activating PCK1 to promote Akt/p21-mediated tumor suppression， thereby exerting an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation mechanism.

Utilization of artificial intelligence in breast pathology: An overview

@#In the last decade, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly used in various fields of medicine. Recently, the advent of whole slide images (WSI) or digitized slides has paved the way for AI-based anatomic pathology. This paper set out to review the potential integration of AI algorithms in the workflow, and the utilization of AI in the practice of breast pathology.

A real-world study on the clinical efficacy and influencing factors of TCM therapy of Fuzheng Kang'ai Decoction combined with PD-1 inhibitors in treating stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ NSCLC / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitos combined with Fuzheng Kang'ai Decoction in patients with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify factors that influence progression and prognosis in real world.Methods:Objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS), total survival time (OS) and adverse events of patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC who received PD-1 inhibitors for the first time in the Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from August 2018 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and was prospectively followed up until September 2022. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves and evaluate median PFS and median OS, while Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for multivariate analysis.Results:The final 66 patients were included in the study, with an ORR of 33.3% (22/66), a DCR of 86.4% (57/66), a median PFS of 9.90 months, and a median OS of 31.83 months. Univariate analysis showed that median PFS was associated with TNM stage, liver metastasis, PD-L1 expression level, lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types ( P values were 0.004, 0.033, 0.040, 0.004, and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that TNM stage [ HR (95% CI)=4.179 (1.781, 9.804)], PD-L1 expression level 1%-49% [ HR (95% CI)=0.346 (0.127, 0.940)] or ≥ 50% [ HR (95% CI)=0.074 (0.019, 0.288)], LIPI [ HR (95% CI)=14.515 (2.939, 71.681)], and TCM characteristics of deficiency of yang qi [ HR (95% CI)=5.954 (2.093, 16.940)] were independent influencing factors for PFS. The overall and grade 3-5 treatment-related adverse events were 68.2% (45/66) and 9.1% (6/66), respectively. Conclusions:Fuzheng Kang'ai Decoction combined with PD-1 inhibitors is an effective and tolerable therapy for patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. TNM stage, liver metastasis, PD-L1 expression, LIPI and TCM characteristics are early predictors of clinical efficacy for patients with stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ NSCLC that receive traditional Chinese medicine combined with immunotherapy .

Research and application status of intelligent auxiliary clinical diagnosis and treatment equipment / 中国医学装备

Artificial intelligence(AI)is a strategic technology leading a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation.It is forward-looking,important and necessary to apply AI technology to the medical field.At present,the research and development of intelligent data monitoring equipment,intelligent medical instruments,disease auxiliary diagnosis and treatment platforms,auxiliary diagnosis and treatment integrated systems and other technologies have been widely carried out,and related products are gradually used in auxiliary medical prevention,diagnosis,treatment,and rehabilitation.Based on the recent development of AI technology in the medical field,the application status of intelligent auxiliary diagnosis and treatment equipment in three fields of intelligent monitoring equipment,virtual psychological diagnosis and treatment platforms,and traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary diagnosis and treatment instruments was summarized to provide reference for AI to connect disease and health,and realize the intersection of AI and medical disciplines.

Study on the effects of AI reconstruction algorithm based on different tube voltages on CT imaging quality and radiation dose of chest phantom / 中国医学装备

Objective:To investigate the effects of different tube voltages combined with artificial intelligence reconstruction algorithm(CI)on the computed tomography(CT)imaging quality and radiation dose of chest phantom on the basis of the CT scan for an adult male simulated chest phantom(PH-N1).Methods:A 512-slice CT scanner of ultrahigh-end was adopted to conduct scan,and the images were divided into 70 kV group,80 kV group,100 kV group and 120 kV group according to different tube voltage.For 4 groups of CT scan images with different tube voltages,the 10%,30%,50%,70%and 90%CI were adopted to reconstruct 1mm thin layer image.The CT volume dose index(CTDIvol)and the dose-length product(DLP)of the scans of 4 groups were compared.The CT values and standard deviation(SD)values of the aorta,abdominal wall fat and erector spine muscle were measured.Two senior diagnostic physicians with more than 5 years of work experience independently and double-blindly evaluated the image quality by using 5-point scale.A Kappa consistency test was conducted.One-way analysis of variance was adopted to compare the differences of CT values and SD values of the tissues of image targets.The Friedman rank-sum test was adopted to compare the differences of subjective image qualities among different groups.Results:The differences of CTDIvol and DLP among 4 groups with different tube voltages were significant(F=1855.617,3996.118,P<0.05),respectively.Under 70 kV tube voltage,there were no significant differences in CT values of the aorta,abdominal wall fat and erector spine muscle,which were reconstructed by using 10%,30%,50%,70%and 90%CI(P>0.05),while the differences of SD values among them were statistically significant(F=32.267,53.327,14.873,P<0.05),respectively.Under the different tube voltages of 4 groups,which were reconstructed by 90%CI,the CT values of aorta,abdominal wall fat and erector spine muscle gradually decreased with decreasing of tube voltage,the differences were significant(F=139.899,2563.93,219.231,P<0.05),respectively.The consistency of subjective scores between two diagnostic physicians was better for each group of images(Kappa=0.712～0.869).Conclusion:Compared with 80 kV,90 kV and 120 kV images,the reconstructed images with 90%CI algorithm under 70 kV tube voltage can significantly reduce the radiation dose,and the images have a favorable signal-to-noise ratio at the same time.

AI Rudi's Experience in Treating Acne with Triple Chinese Medicinal Groups Combined with Chinese Medicinal Mask / 中医杂志

To summarize the clinical experience of Professor AI Rudi in treating acne with triple Chinese medicinal groups combined with Chinese medicinal mask. It is believed that the pathogenesis and treatment of male and female acne are different. The key mechanism of male acne is the dysfunction of the "lung-spleen and stomach-large intestine" axis， and the method of three jiao differentiation should be used. Clinically， the triple Chinese medicinal group， Rendongteng （Lonicera japonica） - Qishe （Portulaca oleracea） - Shicangpu （Acorus gramineus）， can scatter wind to relieve heat， and diffuse and disperse upper jiao； group Baihua Sheshecao （Scleromitrion diffusum） - Baixianpi （Dictamnus dasycarpus） - Tanxiang （Santalum album） can clear heat and drain dampness， and regulate middle jiao； group Huaimi （Styphnolobium japonicum） - Juemingzi （Senna tora） - Baizhu （Atractylodes macrocephala） can tonify and moisten to unblock the lower jiao. The core mechanism of female acne is the imbalance of the function of the "liver and kidney- Tiangui （reproduction-stimulating essence， corresponds with the tenth heavenly stem） - Chong and ren" axis， and the method of staged tratment based on menstrual cycle should be used. Before the menstrual period， group Tusizi （Cuscuta chinensis） - Yujing （Curcuma longa） - Qianghuoyu （Hansenia forbesii） can tonify kidney and relax liver； during the menstrual period， group Chuanxiong （Rhizoma Ligustici Chuangxiong） - Yimucao （Leonurus japonicus）- Cansha （Bombycis Faeces） can invigorate blood and regulate menstrual flow； after the menstrual period， group Huangjing （Polygonatum sibiricum） - Shanyurou （Corni Fructus） - Roucongrong （Cistanche deserticola） can nourish blood， assist yang and boost yin. Meanwhile， we attached importance to the internal and external treatment. Based on the internal administration of traditional Chinese medicine， Chinese medicinal masks were used for external application， commonly used in self-prescribed Xianglian Jinhuang Powder （香连金黄散） combined with Huoxue Powder （活血散） as the prescription for Chinese medicinal mask.

AI Rudi's Experience in the Staged External Treatment of Eczema by Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中医杂志

To summarize Professor AI Rudi's experience in the staged external treatment of eczema by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. It is believed that dampness is the key pathological factor of eczema， and the treatment for dampness should be carried out throughout the whole process， with the leading idea of “three-stage treatment， dampness as the root， and treatment according to the symptoms”. The preparation and formulas of the external treatment can be applied according to the pathogenesis and lesion characteristics of each stage. In acute stage with wind-dampness and heat in the skin as the main mechanism， the treatment is to clear heat and astringe， resolve toxins and relieve itching， and the preparation is mostly solution and lotion， and the formula could be Yangzheng Xi Formula （痒症洗方）， Jingfang Kushen Decoction （荆防苦参汤）， Kuding Erhuang Decoction （苦丁二黄汤）， and Xianglian Jinhuang Powder （香连金黄散）. In subacute stage with phlegm-dampness and heat as the main mechanism， the treatment is to remove dampness and turbidity， clean up the residual heat； the preparation is mostly ointment， and the formula include Shehuang Ointment （蛇黄软膏）， Huanglian Ointment （黄连膏）， and Zihuan Diding Ointment （紫花地丁软膏）. In chronic stage with phlegm-dampness stagnation as the main mechanism， the treatment is to remove dampness and eliminate phlegm， remove blood stasis and stop itching， and the formula could be Zhiyang soft Ointment （止痒软膏）， Runji Ointment （润肌膏）， Yufu Ointment （愈肤膏）； jojoba oil and olive oil are often used as external moisturiser for daily care.

Exploring the Mechanism of Action of Qizhu Kang'ai Formula （芪术抗癌方） for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the potential molecular mechanism of Qizhu Kang'ai Formula （芪术抗癌方， QZKAF） for the treatment of colorectal cancer （CRC）. MethodsNetwork pharmacology was used to analyze the active ingredients and targets of QZKAF for CRC， and analyze the key targets of QZKAF for the treatment of CRC by gene function annotation （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was applied to predict the binding activity of the core active ingredients to the key targets. A orthotopic transplantation tumor mice model of CRC was established to validate the key targets of QZKAF for CRC obtained from network pharmacology analysis. Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into the sham operation group， the model group， the 5-fluorouracil （5-Fu） group， and the QZKAF low-， medium-， and high-dose groups， with 8 mice in each group. Except for the sham operation group， the remaining groups underwent colon cancer orthotopic transplantation tumor modeling. The 5-Fu group was given 30 mg/kg of 5-Fu by intraperitoneal injection once every 3 days on the alternate day after modeling， while the QZKAF low-， medium-， and high-dose groups were given 2.925， 5.85， and 11.7 g/（kg·d） of QZKAF by gastric gavage， respectively， and the sham-operation group and the model group were gavaged with 0.1 ml/10 g of normal saline every day， all for 21 days. The in situ tumors mass and the number of liver metastases were compared between the groups. The pathological changes of colon tumor tissues were observed by HE staining， and the protein expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 1 （PTPN1）， vinculin， integrin subunit αν， integrin subunit β3， and E-cadherin were detected in colon tumor tissues by Western blot. ResultsNetwork pharmacology screening yielded that the top six core active ingredients of QZKAF intervening in CRC were quercetin， kaempferol， apigenin， luteolin， baicalein and ursolic acid. There were 212 targets of action， and the ranked top three were prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1 （PTGS1）， prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2）， and PTPN1， which may be the key targets of QZKAF in the treatment of CRC. These key targets were significantly enriched mainly in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K-Akt） signaling pathway， focal adhesion and adhesion junction. Molecular docking results： except for PTGS1 with better binding activity to quercetin， kaempferol， and apigenin （binding energy ≥-7.0 kcal/mol）， PTGS1 showed strong binding activity to lignans， baicalein， ursolic acid， as well as PTGS2 and PTPN1 to the six core active ingredients （binding energy ＜-7.0 kcal/mol）. Experimental validation results： the protein expression of PTPN1， vinculin， integrin subunit αν， integrin subunit β3 in the colon tumor tissues of mice in the model group significantly increased， and the expression of E-cadherin significantly decreased compared to those in the sham operation group （P＜0.05）. Compared to those in the model group， the mass of the in situ tumors was reduced， and the number of hepatic metastasis nodules decreased in the high- and medium-dose QZKAF groups （P＜0.05）； the expression levels of PTNP1， vinculin， integrin subunit αν， integrin subunit β3 and E-cadherin in all QZKAF groups and 5-Fu group showed different degrees of retracement， and the changes of the indicators in all QZKAF groups showed a certain degree of dose-dependence （P＜0.05）. HE staining showed that the nuclei of tumor cells in the model group were mostly schizophrenic， and there were different degrees of nuclear fragmentation of tumor cells in all QZKAF groups with more in the medium- and high-dose groups. ConclusionQZKAF could inhibit the growth of in situ tumors and liver metastasis of CRC. Its mechanism might be related to the regulation of tumor cell-cell and tumor cell-extracellular matrix adhesion by PTPN1.

The Experience of AI Rudi in Staged Differentiation and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus / 中医杂志

This article summarized the clinical experience of Professor AI Rudi in staged treatment according to pattern differentiation of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）. It is believed that SLE is characterized by kidney yin deficiency and heat toxin obstruction as the core disease mechanism. The staged treatment principle is to nourish yin and clear heat， invigorate blood and resolve toxins. In the early stage of heat toxins accumulation， the focus is on treating the branch and strengthen the kidneys as early as possible， recommending self-designed Liangxue Xiaofeng Powder （凉血消风散） with modifications. In the middle stage， there is yin deficiency with internal heat， which requires nourishing kidney yin and eliminating pathogenic factors. The prescription suggested is self-designed Shouwu Dihuang Decoction （首乌地黄汤）. In the late stage， there is yin impairment affecting yang， which requires a gradual consolidation of the foundation and harmonization of yin and yang， usually with Zhenwu Decoction （真武汤） and Zishen Tongguan Powder （滋肾通关散） with modifications. At the same time， the treatment emphasizes the integration of Chinese and Western medicine， and use of self-designed Ershen Dihuang Pill （二参地黄丸） after initial remission to consolidate the effect and prevent relapse. External treatment should also be given importance to， and Hongyou Ointment （红油膏） can be used to treat SLE skin lesions， reduce swelling， and relieve pain.

Effectiveness of the artificial intelligence image recognition system in diagnosing endometrial cytopathology / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the effectiveness of an image recognition system based on artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnosing benign and malignant endometrial cell clumps. 【Methods】 We selected endometrial cytological specimens from The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and Xi’an Daxing Hospital from August 2021 to February 2023; histopathology was used as the gold standard. We compared and analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy and diagnostic time of AI image recognition system (AI diagnosis) and professional pathologists’ manual diagnosis (manual diagnosis) of benign and malignant endometrial cell clumps. 【Results】 Among the 126 patients included in the analysis, the overall coincidence rate of AI diagnosis and histological diagnosis was 92.1% (116/126), which was highly consistent with histopathological results (Kappa=0.841). The overall coincidence rate of manual diagnosis and histological diagnosis was 94.4% (119/126), which was highly consistent with histopathological results (Kappa=0.889). There was no statistically significant difference between AI diagnosis and manual diagnosis methods (χ2=0.568, P=0.451). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of AI diagnosis were 91.8%, 92.3%, 91.8%, and 92.3%, respectively. There were 126 cytology sections, each of which required 6.67 minutes for manual diagnosis and 5.00 minutes for AI diagnosis. 【Conclusion】 The AI image recognition system has high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, which is equivalent to the manual diagnosis level of professional pathologists. Therefore, this system has application value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant endometrial cell clumps.

Application status of artificial intelligence techniques in retinoblastoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Retinoblastoma is a kind of malignant eye tumor commonly seen in children, which is one of the main causes threatening children's vision and life. The diagnosis and evaluation of retinoblastoma has always been a hot topic in clinic. In the past few years, the application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has made significant progress in the medical field, providing new opportunities and challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma, for example, the use of AI algorithms to analyze massive clinical data, which can help doctors diagnose the disease more accurately and provide personalized treatment plans. In addition, AI technology also plays an important role in medical image analysis, genomics research and other aspects, which can help the development of new drugs and improve patient prognosis. This article reviews the application progress of AI in retinoblastoma.

Applications of Intelligent Governance in the Health Field from the Perspective of Sociology——Taking Peking University Third Hospital as an Example / 医学信息学杂志

Purpose/Significance To conduct the real world research on the application and impact of artificial intelligence(AI)technology in medical institutions,and to assist in intelligent governance decision-making in the field of medicine and health.Method/Process Taking Peking University Third Hospital as the research scene,the AI medical social experiment is carried out through literature meta-analysis,knowledge graph construction and mixed methodology research.Result/Conclusion Scholars at home and abroad are cautious and optimistic about the application of AI technology in the field of health.The research,development and application of AI technology in domestic public hospitals are very active,but small-scale field studies suggest that AI technology may lead to problems such as misleading decision-making and weakening of human subjectivity while improving the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment.In-telligent governance in the field of health,represented by AI technology,requires a long period and a wide range of sociological observa-tions.It is recommended to build a research base for medical AI technology R&D and supervision based on public hospitals,and continue to pay attention to issues such as human subjectivity,medical ethics and scientific and technological ethics in AI social governance.

The impact of apoB/apoA1 on lupus nephritis and renal insufficiency and its diagnostic value / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the impact and diagnostic value of apoB/apoA1 on lupus nephritis (LN) and its renal dysfunction.Methods:A total of 134 patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at the Taihe Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2019 to January 2023 were selected and divided into LN group ( n=82) and simple SLE group ( n=52). According to the glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR), LN was divided into a group with normal renal function ( n=42) and a group with renal insufficiency ( n=40). We compared the differences in clinical data between different groups and analyzed the diagnostic value of apoB, apoA1, and apoB/apoA1 for LN and its renal insufficiency. Results:The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that apoB/apoA1, SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), anti double stranded DNA (dsDNA), complement 3 (C3), and albumin (ALB) were independent influencing factors for LN ( OR=4.033, 1.179, 3.148, 0.374, 0.879, all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of apoB, apoA1, and apoB/apoA1 for diagnosing LN were 0.623, 0.662, and 0.742, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of apoB/apoA1 was higher than that of apoB and apoA1, and the differences are statistically significant (all P<0.05). Regardless of whether confounding factors were adjusted or not, apoB/apoA1 were all risk factors for LN with e-GFR>60 ml/(min·1.73 m 2), e-GFR 30-60 ml/(min·1.73 m 2), and e-GFR<30 ml/(min·1.73 m 2) (all P<0.05). ApoB/apoA1, anti dsDNA, C3, and ALB were all independent influencing factors for renal insufficiency LN ( OR=3.778, 2.669, 0.415, 0.884, all P<0.05). The AUC for diagnosing renal insufficiency LN in apoB, apoA1, and apoB/apoA1 were 0.623, 0.640, and 0.730, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of apoB/apoA1 was higher than that of apoB and apoA1, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:ApoB/apoA1 is an independent influencing factor for the occurrence of LN and renal insufficiency LN, and has good diagnostic value for LN and renal insufficiency LN.

Reabilitação protética bucomaxilofacial: um estudo retrospectivo de base universitária / Maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation: an university-based retrospective study

A Prótese bucomaxilofacial (PBMF) é a especialidade da Odontologia que reabilita proteticamente pacientes com perda de estrutura na região da face. Entende-se por PBMFs aquelas utilizadas na reabilitação de pacientes que apresentam deformidades por etiologia congênita, traumática ou patológica. Objetivo: Avaliar retrospectivamente o perfil dos pacientes bem como as características das reabilitações protéticas realizadas em um Projeto de Extensão em Prótese Bucomaxilofacial de uma Universidade no sul do Brasil.Materiais e métodos:Foram analisados 90 prontuários de pacientes atendidos no período de agosto de 2017 a dezembro de 2018, e coletados os seguintes dados: gênero, cor/etnia, idade, etiologia da deformidade, tipo de prótese reabilitadora realizada e referenciamento do paciente ao Projeto. Resultados:Observou-se que pacientes do gênero masculino e cor branca foram os mais frequentemente reabilitados com a maioria dos tipos de prótese, com exceção da prótese nasal. A idade dos pacientes variou de 5 a 81 anos. A prótese ocular foi a mais confeccionada. A etiologia patológica foi a que mais exigiu tratamento reabilitador. Médicos e equipes hospitalares foram os que mais referenciaram pacientes para o Projeto de Extensão.Discussão: A maior prevalência de atendidos foi de pacientes do gênero masculino, etiologia patológica, com idade 60 anos ou mais, o que reforça a sobrevida das pessoas que são diagnosticadas com câncer e necessitam reabilitação bucomaxilofacial. Conclusão: A grande procura por atendimento no Projeto de Extensão em PBMF mostra uma carência desse serviço e poucas pesquisas para esclarecer o perfil do paciente que mais procura atendimento PBMF.

Bucomaxillofacial Prosthesis (BMFP) is a specialty of Dentistry that rehabilitates patients with loss of structure in the face region. BMFP are known to be used in the rehabilitation of patients who present deformities due to congenital, traumatic or pathological etiology. Aim:In retrospect, to assess the profile of patients, as well as the features of clinical cases of rehabilitations performed at the Buccomaxillofacial Prosthesis Extension Project, at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS. Materials and methods:from August 2017 to December 2018, 90 charts were cataloged with the following data: gender, ethnicity, age, etiology of the deformity, type of rehabilitation prosthesis, how the patient came to the Project. Results:It was concluded that white male patients were the predominant group to be benefited with prosthesis. The age gap was from 5 to 81 years. Ocular prosthesis was the most prevalent one. The pathological etiology was the one that most required rehabilitation treatment. Doctors and hospital staff were the ones who most referred patients to the Project.Discussion:The prevalence of patients attended was male, pathological etiology, aged 60 years or more, which reinforces the survival of people who are diagnosed with cancer and need oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation. Conclusion:The great demand for care in the BMFP Extension Project shows a lack of this service and little research to clarify the profile of the patient who most seeks BMFP care.

Effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate Microplastics on Tomato Plant: Experimental and AI Modeling

Microplastics impacts on terrestrial ecosystem have gained attention in recent times, after about a decade of research being limited to aquatic systems. Although the impacts on soil physical characteristics and soil organisms are beginning to manifest, there is also a noticeable negative influence on plant growth and vitality. The Plant height, branches per plant, days to first fruit set, fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit weight (gm), and overall yield (q/hec) overall performances were explored. The tomato (Solanum lycoper­sicum Linn.) plant variety used in our study is Pusa ruby and the MPs used was Polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Different experimental parameters were also varied like MPs weight percentage (2%-5%), Nitrogen content (0.05 % -0.15%), Carbon content (1.5 %-2%), C-N ratio (14-15) and Phosphorus content (65-75). Furthermore, numerical modeling using artificial neural network (ANN) for validating the experimental results demonstrated an overall R2 value > 0.99. Our results showed that overall yield of fruit was decreased and it has also effects on different plant morphological characteristics.