Step-by-step instructions for detecting whirlpool sign in adnexal torsion / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: Adnexal torsion is a common gynecological emergency whose prompt diagnosis is essential because a delay may lead to ovarian dysfunction. Although the whirlpool sign is reliable for diagnosing ovarian cyst torsion, technical difficulties hinder its use by sonographers. Here we developed a systematic approach to visualizing this sign by focusing on the fact that torsion arises from the space between the uterus and the pelvic wall. One must determine the origin of the torsion via transverse imaging of the uterus and follow the twisted ligaments to the ovarian cyst.Patients and Methods: Two women aged 56 (Case 1) and 28 years (Case 2) visited our hospital with lower abdominal pain. Transvaginal ultrasonography showed a 7-cm right ovarian cyst in Case 1 and a 5-cm cyst in the Douglas pouch in Case 2; normal bilateral ovaries and the whirlpool sign were detected in both cases. Under laparoscopic guidance in Cases 1 and 2, an ovarian cyst and a paraovarian cyst were confirmed and removed.Results: Our step-by-step method allowed us to identify the whirlpool sign and confirm adnexal torsion, leading to prompt surgery in both cases.Conclusion: Using a systematic procedure helps less experienced practitioners detect the whirlpool sign.

Diagnostic value of MRI in adnexal torsion / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of MRI in adnexal torsion.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 32 patients with adnexal torsion confirmed by surgery and pathology.The MRI features were analyzed in combination with clinical data.Results Among the 32 cases of adnexal torsion,there were 12 cases of ovarian cyst,5 cases of cystic ovarian teratoma,4 cases of theca cell tumor,6 cases of ovarian cystadenoma,1 case of high-grade serous carcinoma,1 case of corpus luteum hematoma,1 case of simple ovarian torsion,1 case of ovarian goiter,1 case of fibrotheca cell tumor with serous cystadenoma;There were 13 cases on the left side and 19 cases on the right side;The torsion angle of adnexal was about 90 °-1 440 °.MRI showed that 13 of 32 patients were cystic masses and 19 were cystic solid masses;torsion pedicle can be seen near the mass,of which 13 cases showed"whirlpool sign",27 cases showed"T2WI dot low signal sign",10 cases showed"nodule sign",5 cases showed"triangle sign",and 9 cases had structural disorder around the mass.Enhancement showed no obvious enhancement in 12 cases,and mild enhancement in 20 cases.Thirty cases complicated with pelvic effusion;The uterus moved to the affected side in 9 cases,to the healthy side in 20 cases,and no obvious deviation in 3 cases.Conclusion The MRI imaging features of adnexal torsion are characteristic,which are cystic or cystic solid lesions.The torsion pedicle is characterized by"whirlpool sign"and"T2WI dot low signal sign",etc.The enhancement is mild or no enhancement.Combined with the clinical history,it is of great value for the preoperative diagnosis and treatment of adnexal torsion.

Clinical Characteristics and Obstetric Outcomes of Pregnant Women Who Underwent Surgery for Adnexal Torsion / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics and obstetric outcomes of pregnant women who underwent surgery for adnexal torsion at different gestational weeks. MethodsA retrospective study was done on 39 women who underwent surgery for adnexal torsion during pregnancy in the First Affiliated Hospital， Sun Yat-sen University between March 2013 and March 2023， with 18 cases in 1st trimester （<14 weeks）， 11 in 2nd trimester （14-27+6 weeks） and 10 in 3rd trimester （≥28 weeks）. The clinical characteristics， treatment and obstetric outcomes were compared among the three groups. ResultsThe 1st trimester group had higher proportion of assisted reproductive technology （ART） use than the 2nd and 3rd trimester groups （P=0.026）. There was no significant difference in the clinical manifestations， including abdominal pain， nausea， vomiting and fever among the three groups， while elevated white blood cells （WBC） counts was more commonly seen in the 2nd and 3rd trimester groups. Adnexal masses <5 cm in diameter occurred in 0， 18.2%， and 10.0% of cases in 1st， 2nd and 3rd trimester groups respectively （P=0.014）. No statistical significance was found in the location of twisted adnexa， number of circles or pathological nature. The 1st trimester group had a higher sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion compared with the 2nd and 3rd trimester groups （77.8%， 36.4%， 20.0%； P=0.008）. More laparoscopic surgery were performed in the 1st trimester group than the other two groups （55.6% ， 27.3%， 0.0%； P=0.008）. There was no significant difference in gestational week of delivery， delivery mode， newborn gender， neonatal birth weight and follow-up of newborns among the three groups. The 3rd trimester group showed a higher risk of preterm delivery （P=0.050）. ConclusionsDuring the 1st trimester of pregnancy， adnexal torsion is more common in patients using ART and ultrasound plays a crucial role in the diagnosis. During the 2nd and 3rd trimester， adnexal torsion should be suspected in patients with abdominal pain and elevated WBC but no aspetic inflammation. Laparoscopic surgery is safe for adnexal torsion during pregnancy and can achieve a favorable maternal and neonatal outcome.

Perioperative Outcomes in Pregnant Women Who Underwent Surgery for Adnexal Torsion / Resultados perioperatórios em mulheres grávidas submetidas a cirurgia para torção anexial

Abstract Objective To evaluate clinical characteristics, maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women who underwent surgery for adnexal torsion (AT). Methods All patients, who underwent surgical operation due to AT during pregnancy at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ege University between 2005 and 2020 were retrospectively investigated. Main clinical and perioperative outcomes were evaluated. Results A total of 21 patients who underwent surgery due to AT during pregnancy were included. Of all patients, 61.9% underwent laparoscopy and the remaining 38.1% underwent laparotomy. The most common surgical procedure was adnexal detorsion in both groups (48%). Mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis, duration of surgery and hospitalization were significantly lower in the laparoscopy group, when compared with the laparotomy group (p=0.006, p=0.001, and p=0.001, respectively.) One of the patients had an infection during the postoperative period. Spontaneous abortion was only observed in one case. Conclusion It can be concluded that the surgical intervention implemented for the exact diagnosis and treatment of AT (laparotomy or laparoscopy) did not have an unfavorable effect on pregnancy outcomes such as abortion, preterm delivery, and fetal anomaly. However, laparoscopy may be superior to laparotomy in terms of advantages.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as características clínicas, e os desfechos maternos e fetais em gestantes submetidas à cirurgia de torção anexial. Métodos Todas as pacientes operadas por torção anexial durante a gravidez no Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Ege entre 2005 e 2020 foram investigadas retrospectivamente. Os principais resultados clínicos e perioperatórios foram avaliados. Resultados Foraminclusas 21 pacientes operadas por torção anexial durante a gravidez. De todos as pacientes, 61,9% foramsubmetidas à laparoscopia e as 38,1% restantes foram submetidas à laparotomia. O procedimento cirúrgico mais comum foi apenas a destorção anexialemambos os grupos (48%).Aidade gestacionalmédia nomomento do diagnóstico, a duração da operação e da hospitalização foram significativamentemenores no grupo de laparoscopia em comparação com o grupo de laparotomia (p=0,006, p=0,001 e p=0,001, respectivamente.) Uma das pacientes teve uma infecção no pós-operatório. Apenas em um caso observamos aborto espontâneo. Conclusão Pode-se concluir que a intervenção cirúrgica implementada para o diagnóstico exato e tratamento da torção anexial (laparotomia ou laparoscopia) não teve efeito desfavorável nos desfechos da gravidez, como aborto, parto prematuro e anomalia fetal. No entanto, a laparoscopia pode ser superior à laparotomia em termos de vantagens.

Can various complete blood count parameters helpful in preoperative diagnosis of adnexal torsion?

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Adnexal torsion is an important gynecological emergency due to nonfrequent but possible adverse reproductive outcomes. There is no specific laboratory marker to support the preoperative diagnosis or that can be used clinically. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic values of platelet, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and red cell markers as an early indicator of ovarian torsion. METHODS: This retrospective study included 28 female patients who were treated surgically for adnexal torsion between August 2010 and July 2020, and 29 control group women. The demographic data and routine hematological values of patients were compared for adnexal torsion prediction. RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups in terms of the platelet count, platelet distribution width, red cell distribution width, and mean platelet volume values, and there were no differences in the demographic data. Statistical differences were found among white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and platelet/lymphocyte ratio, and 81.5% sensitivity and 82.1% specificity were identified for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio 2.45 (area under the curve AUC 0.892; 95%CI 0.808-0.975; p<0.001). Odds ratio for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was 2.62 (95%CI 0.861-7.940, p=0.029). CONCLUSION: According to the regression analysis, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be the most beneficial among all blood count parameters for the pre-diagnosis of AT.

Torsión de pedículo de quiste anexial durante el embarazo: experiencia clínica de manejo conservador / Adnexal torsion in pregnancy: clinical experience of conservative management

Las masas anexiales en el embarazo oscilan entre el 2% a 10%; su torsión es causa rara de abdomen agudo durante el mismo. La conducta frente al diagnóstico fue, tradicionalmente, anexectomía sin detorsión del lado comprometido; posteriormente, detorsión y conservación del anexo torcido. OBJETIVO: describir el valor de la punción y aspiración bajo guía ecográfica como tratamiento, inicialmente temporal, en cuadro de torsión de pedículo de quiste anexial durante el embarazo. MÉTODOS: estudio observacional prospectivo de 9 casos clínicos con diagnóstico de torsión de pedículo de quiste anexial y embarazo sometidos al tratamiento de punción aspiración del quiste torcido bajo guía ecográfica entre el año 2014 a 2019. RESULTADOS: en todos los casos fue posible salvar en anexo comprometido; en dos casos hubo persistencia del quiste que se extirpó durante la cesárea; en el resto, la resolución fue completa. Hubo una pérdida de embarazo atribuible al cuadro clínico. CONCLUSION: la punción-evacuación del quiste simple torcido parece ser una buena alternativa en la resolución del cuadro agudo.

The adnexal masses in pregnancy range from 2% to 10%; the adnexal torsion is a rare cause of acute abdomen during pregnancy. Surgical management traditionally involved adnexectomy without detorsion of the compromised structure; recently conservative surgery was proposed which consists in detorsion and conservation of the affected annex. OBJETIVE: to describe the value of ultrasound guided fine needle puncture and aspiration as the initially treatment in pedicle torsion of adnexal cyst during pregnancy. METHODS: prospective observational study of 9 patients that had the diagnosis of pedicle torsion of adnexal cyst during pregnancy who underwent ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration as a treatment of the adnexal cyst torsion between 2014 and 2019. RESULTS: in all cases it was possible to save the compromised structure; in two cases we observed recurrence of the cyst, that was subsequently removed during a caesarean section in both cases; in the rest of the patient's resolution was complete. Spontaneous abortion was seen in one of the patients, this event was not related to the invasive procedure. CONCLUSION: ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration of an adnexal who has suffered of pedicle torsion seems to be a good alternative for the management of this acute condition.

Comparison of adnexal torsion in different phases of women’s life: a retrospective cohort study

Background: Ovarian torsion is one of the most common causes of emergency surgery in gynecology. Though it is more common in reproductive age group, it can occur in extremes of age group. So, we had analysed the clinical presentation, surgical characteristics, and causes of adnexal torsion among adolescent population, reproductive-age women, and postmenopausal women.Methods: Patients with adnexal torsion who were treated in department of obstetrics and gynecology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre from October 2016 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Among the 53 cases of adnexal torsion during the study period, maximum (38, 71.6%) were in the reproductive age group. There were three patients with ovarian torsion during pregnancy. Acute pain abdomen was the significant presenting symptom in adolescent group compared to other two group (100% versus 80.6% versus 40%, p = 0.03). Adnexal pathology was in the ovary in 76% and isolated tubal pathology in 5%. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with or without total abdominal hysterectomy was more commonly performed in postmenopausal patients (100%), as opposed to conservative surgery- detorsion and cystectomy in premenopausal women (56%). In Adolescent patients 62% had polycystic ovaries as intraoperative finding. Histopathology were benign except for a patient in postmenopausal age group who had granulosa cell tumour.Conclusions: An early identification of adnexal torsion is necessary in order to achieve conservative treatment in order to maximize the future reproductive potential in younger patients.

Bilateral absence of fallopian tube segments: an uncommon condition

Congenital abnormalities of fallopian tube are rare among the abnormalities of female urogenital system. Bilateral absence of fallopian tube segments is an extremely uncommon condition. The authors report one such rare case diagnosed during diagnostic laparoscopy during evaluation of infertility. On one side, it was completely absent; while on the other side, it was partially absent simulating a formal tubal ligation. To the best of authors knowledge, this is an extremely unusual condition with very few reports available in literature.

Oophoropexy to the round ligament after recurrent adnexal torsion / Ooforopexia ao ligamento redondo em um caso de torção anexial recorrente

Abstract Recurrent adnexal torsion is a rare gynecological emergency. We report a case of recurrent ipsilateral adnexal torsion in a woman with polycystic ovaries, previously submitted to a laparoscopic plication of the utero-ovarian ligament. Due to the recurrence after the plication of the utero-ovarian ligament, the authors performed a laparoscopic oophoropexy to the round ligament, which is an underreported procedure. The patient was asymptomatic for 1 year, after which she had a new recurrence and needed a unilateral laparoscopic adnexectomy. Since then, she regained the quality of life without any gynecological symptoms. Oophoropexy to the round ligament may be considered when other techniques fail or, perhaps, as a first option in selected cases of adnexal torsion, as it may allow the prevention of recurrence without increasing morbidity while preserving the adnexa.

Resumo A torção anexial recorrente é uma emergência ginecológica rara. Os autores descrevem um caso de torsão anexial unilateral recorrente em uma paciente com síndrome de ovário policístico, previamente submetida a plicatura do ligamento utero-ovárico por laparoscopia. Nesta circunstância, os autores decidiram realizar uma ooforopexia laparoscópica ao ligamento redondo, uma técnica pouco descrita na literatura. A paciente manteve-se assintomática durante 1 ano, período após o qual teve nova recorrência, tendo-se decidido realizar uma anexectomia laparoscópica unilateral. Desde então, ela recuperou a qualidade de vida sem qualquer sintoma ginecológico. A ooforopexia ao ligamento redondo é uma técnica que deverá ser considerada quando outras falham e, em casos selecionados de torsão anexial recorrente, poderá ser considerada a primeira abordagem, para prevenir a recorrência e preservar o anexo.

Torsión de pedículo de quiste anexial durante el embarazo: experiencia clínica preliminar al manejo conservador / Adnexal torsion in pregnancy: preliminary clinical experience to conservative management

Objetivo: describir la utilidad de los signos clínicos, la ecografía y el Doppler color para el diagnóstico y manejo posterior en el embarazo. Método: estudio observacional, retrospectivo de cinco casos clínicos inicialmente diagnosticados como torsión de pedículo de quiste anexial y embarazo, sometidos a cirugía. Resultados: en el 80% de los casos hubo un diagnóstico preoperatorio correcto. En todos los casos de torsión de pedículo se identificó preoperatoriamente el signo directo de torsión. Hubo un caso de falso positivo de una paciente con la triada clásica y flujo vascular muy escaso en su pared, interpretado como signo indirecto de torsión de pedículo no corroborado en la cirugía. En un caso de torsión, se identificó señal Doppler Color normal en la pared del quiste. Conclusión: al diagnóstico ecográfico y clínico se correlacionó casi con todos los casos de torsión de pedículo de quiste anexial en el embarazo. El Doppler color no aportó mayor información al obtenido por la clínica y la ecografía. El manejo quirúrgico por laparotomía trajo consigo algunas complicaciones como la pérdida del anexo comprometido, aborto, mayor estancia hospitalaria.

Objetive: describe the usefulness of clinical signs, ultrasound and color Doppler for diagnosis and subsequent management in pregnancy. Method: retrospective observational study of 5 clinical cases initially diagnosed as torsion of pedicle of adnexal cyst and pregnancy, undergoing surgery management. Results: in 80% a correct preoperative diagnosis was made. In all cases, the direct sign of pedicle torsion was identified preoperatively, There was a false positive case of patient with the classic triad and very little vascular flow in its wall, interpreted as an indirect sign of pedicle torsion not corroborated in surgery. In 1 torsion case of pedicle of adnexal cyst, normal Color Doppler signal was identified in the cyst wall. Conclusion: ultrasound scan and clinical diagnosis correlated almost with all cases of adnexal cyst pedicle torsion in pregnancy. The Color Doppler did not provide more information than that obtained by the clinic and the ultrasound. The surgical management by laparotomy brought with it some complications such as the loss of the committed annex, abortion, longer hospital stay.

Study of Risk Factors and Early Diagnosis of Adnexal Torsion / 医学研究杂志

Objective To analysis the risk factors,clinical manifestations of adnexal torsion(AT) during pregnancy,providing evidence for the early diagnosis of AT in pregnancy.Methods Retrospective data were collected from 40 women who underwent surgery for AT during pregnancy between May 2006 and August 2016 at the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.In addition,94 women diagnosed with non-torsion adnexal during pregnancy were chosen to serve as control subjects.The risk factors and clinical characteristics of the two groups wcre compared.Results AT during pregnancy were likely to occurring within the 6th and 14th week of gestation.The rate of the adnexal masses with sizes between 5 and 8cm was significantly higher in torsion group(P ＜ 0.05).The rate of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) was shown to be obviously elevated in the torsion group (P ＜ 0.05).The white blood cell counts,neutrophil ratio,the rate of lacking of intra-adnexal blood flow on color Doppler imaging were significantly elevated in torsion group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The risk factors of AT during pregnancy may be occured within the 6th and 14th week of gestation,cyst sizes between 5 and 8cm and combined with OHSS.Adnexal tumors bearing higher risks for torsion and should be strongly considered for an aggressive strategy of management during pregnancy.Moreover,the combined detection of the white blood cell counts and neutrophil ratio as well as doppler imaging can contribute to the early diagnosis of AT during pregnancy.

Tubercular Pyosalpinx Mimicking Ovarian Torsion.

Ovarian torsion is a gynecological emergency that requires prompt recognition and treatment. It may present with nonspecific signs and symptoms, and should be considered in any female with acute abdominal pain. The diagnosis is based on an awareness of the relevant risk factors, the clinical presentation, and a high index of suspicion. Timely investigation and management can make the difference between ovarian loss and salvage — an outcome of great importance in the population of reproductive age females. Whereas Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease, and the morbidity associated with it has major health implications. When tuberculosis affects the genital organs of young females, it has the devastating effect of causing irreversible damage to their fallopian tubes, resulting in a possible tubercular pyosalpinx and infertility. However, the disease often remains silent . In this case study, suspecting the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis and of establishing the differential diagnosis with ovarian tumors in the presence of large pyosalpinges is highlighted.

Laparoscopic ovarian ligament plication in pregnancy / Plicatura laparoscópica del ligamento ovárico en el embarazo

This 32-year old patient presented at seven weeks gestation with severe left-sided lower abdominal pain. This was against the background of a previous history of left salpingectomy from a ruptured ectopic gestation seven years previously. Transvaginal sonographic evaluation revealed a viable seven week intrauterine embryo, a 2 cm left corpus luteum cyst and Doppler studies revealed reduced internal flow. This led the way for a conservative approach via laparoscopy of untwisting the pedicle to restore blood flow. In this case, the ovarian ligament was shorted using 1/0 vicryl and the pregnancy went to term.

Esta paciente de 32 años se presentó en la séptima semana de gestación con un severo dolor abdominal en el lado inferior izquierdo. Esto ocuría teniendo la paciente por antecedente una historia previa de salpingectomía izquierda a partir de la ruptura de un embarazo ectópico siete años antes. La evaluación sonográfica transvaginal reveló un embrión intrauterino viable de siete semanas, un quiste del 2 cm en el cuerpo lúteo izquierdo, y los estudios de Doppler revelaron un flujo interno reducido. Esto abrió el camino para un abordaje conservador vía laparoscopia encaminada a deshacer la torsión del pedículo y restablecer así el flujo sanguíneo. En este caso, el ligamento ovárico fue acortado usando vicryl 1/0, y el embarazo continuó a término.

Torsión anexial sin patología ovárica en gestante del primer trimestre / Adnexal torsion without ovarian pathology in a pregnant woman in the first trimester

La torsión anexial durante el embarazo es una entidad muy poco frecuente y casi siempre ocurre en el contexto de una masa anexial. Es importante establecer el diagnóstico mediante ecografía y en caso de duda se recomienda la utilización de laparoscopia diagnóstica para realizar el tratamiento lo más precozmente posible.

Adnexal torsion during pregnancy is a rare entity and usually occurs in the context of an increase in the mass of the annex. It is important to establish the diagnosis by ultrasound and in case of doubt we recommend the use of diagnostic laparoscopy for treatment as early as possible.

Utilidad de la ultrasonografía en el diagnóstico de la torsión anexial (TA): revisión / Usefulness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of adnexal torsion: review

Adnexal torsion is a gynecological emergency caused by the twisting of the ovary on its pedicle, causing lymphatic and venous stasis later in the evolution ischemia and necrosis when left untreated. There is no specific clinical sign or manifestation, nor any sensitive biochemical marker available for diagnosing adnexal torsion or ischemia. The best imaging tool in the diagnosis of torsion is the gynecologic ultrasound. The purpose of this review is to gather the ultrasound signs (coiling, whirlpool, ovary size, Doppler, etc.) found to make the diagnosis of this pathology easier.

La torsión anexial es una emergencia ginecológica causada por la torsión del ovario sobre el pedículo, lo que lleva a estasia linfática y venosa, más tarde en la evolución isquemia y necrosis, cuando no es tradada. No hay signos ni manifestaciones específicas, no hay marcadores bioquímicos para el diagnóstico de torsión anexial o isquemia. La mejor herramienta, en cuanto a exámenes de imágenes, es la ecografía ginecológica. El propósito de esta revisión es recolectar los hallazgos ecográficos (enbobinado, remolino, tamaño ovárico, Doppler, etc.) encontrados en la torsión para hacer más fácil el diagnóstico de esta patología.

Manejo conservador de la torsión anexial: ¿una alternativa o una obligación frente a un posible error de apreciación por parte del cirujano? / Conservative management of adnexal torsion

Antecedentes: La torsión anexial es una complicación frecuente en ginecología que motiva una cirugía de urgencia y muchas veces conlleva la anexectomía como tratamiento basado en la impresión visual cirujano. Objetivo: Evaluar la contabilidad de la impresión visual del cirujano para la toma de decisiones. Método: Se estudiaron las torsiones anexiales operadas entre enero de 2006 y julio de 2009. Se revisaron las placas de los casos sometidos a anexectomía y se determinó la presencia de compromiso vascular irreversible. Se correlacionó la impresión visual del cirujano con la del patólogo usando la biopsia como estándar dorado. Resultados: En el período de estudio se operaron 51 pacientes. La edad promedio fue 35,5 +/- 2 años (rango: 8-80 años). El 72,6 por ciento de los casos fue abordado por laparoscopia y en 60,7 por ciento de los casos se realizó anexectomía. En 38,7 por ciento de los casos sometidos a anexectomía se demostró en la biopsia un infarto hemorrágico masivo. A mayor intervalo de tiempo entre diagnóstico y cirugía, mayor fue la probabilidad de compromiso vascular (regresión logística, p<0,01). La concordancia entre la impresión del cirujano y del patólogo fue leve (kappa 0,2 +/- 0,16 p<0,02). La sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo de la impresión visual del cirujano para necrosis isquémica fueron 88,9 por ciento, 26,3 por ciento, 36,4 por ciento, 83,3 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: Este estudio demuestra que la apreciación visual del cirujano es un mal predictor de daño vascular irreversible. Ante la sospecha diagnóstica de torsión debe preconizarse el abordaje quirúrgico precoz e intentar preservar el ovario.

Background: Adnexal torsion constitutes one of the major surgical emergencies in gynecology commonly leading to adnexal removal based on visual assessment of vascular damage. Aims: The goal of present study is to establish the accuracy of the surgeon's visual impression in correctly doing the decision-making. Methods: All cases of adnexal torsion undergoing surgery between January 2006 and July 2009 were recruited. A pathological review was conducted in all cases undergoing adnexal removal to assess the presence of irreversible vascular damage. A correlation was done between pathologist and surgeon assessment using pathological report as gold standard. Results: During the period of study a total of 51 patients were operated. The average age was 35.5 +/- 2 years (range: 8-80 years). The 72.6 percent of cases was approached by laparoscopy and in 60.7 percent of cases adnexal removal was done. In 38.7 percent of those cases treated with adnexal removal a massive ischemic necrosis or complete infarction was demonstrated at biopsy. As longer the time interval was between diagnosis and surgery, major the incidence was of vascular damage (log regression, p<0.01). Slight agreement was observed between surgeon and pathologist (kappa 0.2 +/- 0.16, p<0.02). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for visual assessment of ischemic necrosis done by surgeon were 88.9 percent, 26.3 percent, 36.4 percent, 83.3 percent respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that visual assessment has a low positive predictive value for irreversible vascular damage. In those cases with presumptive diagnosis of adnexal torsion, an early surgical approach should be prompted to preserve the adnexa.

Manejo laparoscópico de quistes ováricos complicados o persistentes durante el embarazo / Laparoscopic management of complicated or persistent adnexal cysts during pregnancy

Antecedentes: El incremento en el hallazgo de quistes anexiales durante el embarazo sería el mayor uso de técnicas de reproducción asistida con hiperestimulación ovárica controlada. La complicación más frecuente sigue siendo la torsión anexial. Objetivo: Revisar el manejo de quistes anexiales complicados o persistentes, durante el embarazo, con resolución laparoscópica. Método: Revisión retrospectiva de 9 pacientes consecutivas, ingresadas al Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología Clínica Las Condes. Resultados: La edad gestacional de ingreso fue entre 5+5 y 27 semanas. Cinco casos fueron producto de fertilización asistida y cuatro espontáneos. Ocho (85,6 por ciento) embarazadas, ingresaron por dolor abdominal agudo. Otro caso ingresó a cirugía electiva por quiste ovárico persistente. Los quistes tenían entre 6 y 13 cm. En 5 se realizó sólo destorsión ovárica, en 1 ooforectomía y en 1 quistectomía. Se realizó punción, destorsión y fijación a ligamento útero ovárico, bilateral, en la otra paciente. Se registró un caso de fiebre en el postoperatorio. El alta hospitalaria fue a las 48 horas en 6 (67 por ciento), a las 72 en 2 y a las 96 en 1. El estudio biópsico diferido en 3 pacientes demostró: 1 quiste seroso paratubario, 1 quiste luteínico parcialmente hemorrágico y 1 infarto anexial. Todos los embarazos evolucionaron normalmente. Conclusión: Nuestra experiencia confirma que en el embarazo la laparoscopía es una buena opción al requerir una cirugía por quiste anexial complicado o persistente.

Background: Recent reviews show an increase in the finding of adnexal cysts during pregnancy. One reason could be the use of assisted reproductive techniques with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Objective: To review the experience in managing via laparoscopy complicated or persistent adnexal cysts during pregnancy. Method: Retrospective review of 9 consecutive patients, admitted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Las Condes. Results: The gestational age was between 5+5 and 27 weeks. Five were the product of assisted fertilization and four spontaneous. Eight (85.6 percent) pregnant women were admitted by emergency room because of acute abdominal pain and another one went through elective surgery for persistent ovarian cyst. Preoperative diagnosis of the 8 patients admitted by emergency: adnexal cyst complicated with torsion in 6 (1 adnexal infarction) and 2 cases of acute abdomen. The cysts were between 6 and 13 cm. Type of surgery: in 5, only distortion; ovarian oophorectomy in 1 and cystectomy in one. Puncture, detorsión and bilateral fixation of uterine ovarian ligament, in another patient. One case required conversion to laparotomy with adnexectomy. Postoperative fever was observed in one patient. Discharge was at 48 hrs in 6 (67 percent) cases, at 72 hrs. in 2 and 96 hrs. in 1. Deferred biopsy performed in 3 patients showed: paratu-barian serous cyst, partially hemorrhagic luteal cyst, adnexal infarction. All pregnancies went on normally. Premature births are not reported. Conclusion: Our experience suggests that laparoscopic approach is a valid option for complicated or persistent adnexal cysts in pregnant women.

Asynchronous bilateral adnexal torsion in a 16 year old female: A successful conservative treatment by laparoscopic surgery / 대한산부인과학회지

Adnexal torsion is a disease occurring mostly in young fertile women that causes severe pain with necrosis of the adnexa requiring an emergency surgery. Because the symptoms and physical findings are similar to emergency diseases of adjacent organs such as appendicitis, diagnosis of adnexal torsion could be confused. Delayed diagnosis leads to delayed operation and for that reason adnexectomy is done more often than conservative management. Since prompt diagnosis is the sole way for preservation of the ovary and the salpinx, early diagnosis of adnexal torsion is essential. We experienced a case of a 16 year old female with torsion of the right adnexa who had the left adnexa previously removed due to torsion of the left adnexa. The case is presented with review of the literature.

An unusal cause of RLQ abdominal pain in premenarcheal girl: A case of torsion of normal adnexal torsion / 대한산부인과학회지

Torsion of a normal adnexa is rare, but can occurs. For premenarcheal girls, gynecologic disorders are less commonly considered in differential diagnosis because they occur infrequently. Generally, girls with right lower quadrant pain are considered to have appendicitis untill proven otherwise. An immediate diagnosis is very important because early surgical intervention is the only way to save the ovary from necrosis. The author reviews the clinical presentation, ultrasonographic and MRI feature and treatment of torsion of normal uterine adnexa.

A case of Adnexal Torsion in Pregnancy / 영남의대학술지

Adnexal torsion is not a common surgical emergency in Obstetrics and Gynecology. and is not observed frequently during pregnancy with its incidence being one out of about 5,000 pregnancies: Pregnancy is a factor that encourages torsion. The traditional treatment for ischemic and twisted adnexa consists of oophorectomy or salpingo-oophorectomy. with early diagnosis, a conservative approach is recommended in cases of young women to assure future fertility. with a brief review ofliterature, we report a case of unilateral salphingo-oophorectomy during pregnancy due to adnexal torsion with the delivery of a normal baby.