ABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se reportan las especies de anfípodos bentónicos de los subórdenes Amphilochidea y Senticaudata de la Plataforma Continental Centro Norte del Perú (03°24'S - 79°30'W a 09°00'S - 81°30'W) colectadas durante la estación de otoño. A partir de 136 puntos de muestreo, distribuidas en entre 22 y 372 m, se determinaron 28 taxa de anfípodos, pertenecientes a 15 familias; 14 especies consideradas como nuevos registros para el mar peruano. La familia Ampeliscidae fue la más diversa, con 11 especies. Se incluye información taxonómica descriptiva y distribución geográfica referenciada.
In this work, amphipod species of the suborder Amphilochidea and Senticaudata from the North-Central Continental Platform of Peru (03°24'S - 79°30'W to 09°00'S - 81°30'W) are reported. 136 stations were sampled, range between 22 to 372 m in depth, all collections were during the autumn. We determined 28 species, belonging to 15 families. Ampeliscidae family was the most diverse with eleven (11) species. Of the total of species, 14 species are new records to Peruvian sea. Indeed, this research includes descriptive taxonomic information and referenced geographical distribution.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El anfípodo terrestre, Talitroides topitotum, es un talítrido distribuido mundialmente en regiones subtropicales y templadas, con un amplio rango de distribución altitudinal, temperatura y humedad. Se colectaron y procesaron especímenes desde el año 2012 al 2016, mediante remoción-filtración de sustratos húmedos. Se identificaron taxonómicamente por características fenotípicas diagnósticas, se determinó su estado de desarrollo y se separaron por sexo. Se extrajo ADN de anfípodos completos, seguido de una PCR de los genes citocromo oxidasa subunidad 1 y del ARN ribosomal de la subunidad 16S. Se obtuvo un árbol filogenético por máxima verosimilitud con un modelo GTR-GAMMA. El análisis de la distribución potencial de T. topitotum se estimó utilizando 19 variables bioclimáticas. En este estudio, se amplía la distribución previamente reportada y en altitudes entre los 1900 a 595 m s.n.m. Se analizaron 39 localidades, en las cuales: 1) Hay presencia de T. topitotum, 2) no hubo presencia de anfípodos terrestres, 3) no hubo presencia de Talitroides sp., pero sí de un anfípodo nativo. La abundancia proporcional de T. topitotum se inclina hacia las hembras adultas, una proporción alta de juveniles y no se detectaron individuos machos. El análisis bioinformático determinó el posicionamiento taxonómico de la especie T. topitotum dentro del agrupamiento de anfípodos terrestres, además, la especie exógena diverge de Cerrorchestia hyloraina demostrando una separación filogenética entre especies, las cuales pueden estar compartiendo hábitats. T. topitotum, según el modelo de máxima entropía, posee una alta capacidad de dispersión y estaría siendo favorecida, en cuanto a su asentamiento y propagación, por elementos climáticos como temperatura, precipitación y humedad, y factores como la altitud. Nuestros hallazgos son relevantes para la toma de decisiones de manejo y monitoreo del desplazamiento de especies nativas de anfípodos terrestres en la región.
ABSTRACT The land-hopper, Talitroides topitotum, is a talitrid amphipod distributed worldwide in subtropical and template regions, with a wide range of altitudinal distribution, temperature and humidity. Specimens were collected and processed since 2012 until 2016, by collection-filtration of wet substrates. Specimens were taxonomically identified using diagnostic phenotypic characteristics, and the developmental stage and sex were recorded. DNA was extracted from whole amphipods, followed by PCR of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and ribosomal RNA subunit 16S genes. Partial genetic sequences were obtained and a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was calculated based on a GTR-GAMMA model. The analysis of potential distribution of T. topitotum was estimated using 19 bioclimatic variables. This study extends the previously reported distribution and elevations between 1900 and 595 m a.s.l. Thirty-nine localities were analyzed, where the following categories were registered: 1) T. topitotum is present, 2) terrestrial amphipods are not present, 3) T. topitotum is not present, but the native amphipod is present. The relative abundance of T. topitotum corresponds to adult females, a high proportion ofjuveniles and no males were collected. The bioinformatic analysis established the taxonomic position of T. topitotum within a group of terrestrial amphipods; moreover, the invasive species diverges of Cerrorchestia hyloraina, demonstrating the phylogenetic separation between these species that could be sharing habitats. Based on the model of maximum entropy, T. topitotum shows a high dispersion capacity and its establishment and propagation are been improved by climatic elements such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and elevation. Our findings are relevant for management policies and monitoring the distribution of native species of terrestrial amphipods in the region.
ABSTRACT
Talitroides topitotum (Amphipoda) was introduced in Brazil by silviculture activities. Currently the species is distributed in the states of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. This paper describes the species' occurrence in the state of Espírito Santo. The objective of this study was to determine the interference of the edge effect on community structure of macroinvertebrates associated with leaf litter, where a T. topitotum female specimen was observed in coffee cultivations in March 2008.
Talitroides topitotum (Amphipoda) foi introduzido no Brasil pelas atividades de silvicultura. Atualmente a espécie está distribuída nos Estados do Paraná, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência desta espécie no Estado do Espírito Santo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a interferência do efeito de borda na estruturada comunidade de macroinvertebrados associados ao folhiço, onde um espécime fêmea de T. topitotum foi observado em cultivo de café em março de 2008.
Subject(s)
Amphipoda , ForestryABSTRACT
Lipids in the amphipod Talorchestia margaritae (Amphipoda: Talitridae) and its relationship with the ecology of the species. T. margaritae, an endemic species inhabiting Venezuelan coasts, plays an important ecological role in plant and animal decomposition. To understand this issue in some animal groups, especially small ones, lipid composition analysis has been an interesting tool to describe their trophic relationships and food preferences. In order to assess this and visualize the components of their diet, we determined the lipid composition differences between males and females and among age classes in this species. Two sandy beaches were selected: Mangle Quemao and Las Mercedes de Paparo, from which sand samples of known volume were collected at the supralittoral area in 2007. Organisms were separated by age and sex classes, and their size, weight, density, biomass, total lipids (TL), lipid classes and fatty acid markers present in their tissues were determined. The sizes were similar for all age classes between the two locations, while the weights were higher for Mangle Quemao. The TL and lipid classes showed similar proportions between sexes, age classes and locations (TL: 3-5%; Phospholipids: 20-30%; Glycolipids: <1%; sterols: 4%). On the other hand, Triglycerides (TAG) were higher in Mangle Quemao, which may be related to the difference between the weights of two locations. The most abundant fatty acid biomarkers in the two studied sites were 16:0 and 18:1(n-9); this last one is characteristic of a carnivorous diet. The other nine markers were identified with changes in their distribution in organisms at Mangle Quemao and between males and females of both populations. Based on observed fatty acids markers we can assume T. margaritae as a generalist carnivore. Those populations were influenced by available food; inducing differences in weight, TAG proportion and markers diversity. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 841-855. Epub 2010 September 01.
T. margaritae cumple un papel importante en la descomposición de restos vegetales y animales en las costas venezolanas. El objetivo fue determinar las diferencias en la composición lipídica entre sexos y talla de la especie. Para esto, especímenes de T. margaritae fueron recolectados en la zona supralitoral de dos playas arenosas: Mangle Quemao y las Mercedes de Paparo. Posteriormente se separaron por talla y sexo determinándoles su peso, densidad, biomasa y perfil lipídico. Todas las categorías presentaron tallas similares entre localidades. Los pesos fueron superiores en los organismos de Mangle Quemao. Los lípidos totales presentaron proporciones similares entre sexos, talla y localidad (3-5%), al igual que los fosfololípidos (20-30%), glicolípidos (<1%) y esteroles (4%), exceptuando los triglicéridos (TAG), siendo estos superiores en Mangle Quemao. Esto último pudiendo estar relacionado con la diferencia de pesos entre localidades. Los ácidos grasos más abundantes en ambas localidades fueron 16:0 y 18:1(n-9). Se identificaron otros 9 marcadores con variaciones en su distribución. Con base en los biomarcadores se puede catalogar a T. margaritae como una especie carnívora- generalista, siendo sus poblaciones influenciadas por la disponibilidad de alimento que a su vez, podría inducir diferencias de peso, TAG y biomarcadores.