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Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily, is widely expressed in multiple species such as human, mouse, rat, horse and sheep. Moreover, GDF11 is implicated in diverse biological functions and plays an important role in regulating anterior/posterior patterning, skeletal muscle regeneration, bone formation, vascular remodeling and neurogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that GDF11 in blood reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy, skeletal muscle dysfunction and age-related cognitive decline, suggesting the potential value of GDF11 on anti-ageing. However, some other studies questioned the effects of GDF11 on anti-ageing. Herein, we highlighted structural characteristics of GDF11, advances in effects of GDF11 on anti-ageing, and the controversies of GDF11, to provide new insights for future studies on anti-ageing.
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of cellulift ? administered intradermally by mesotherapy on collagen synthesis in D-galactose induced aging model of rats. Methods:The study was conducted between April and October in 2014 in the Department of Anatomy, Qindao University. 30 male rats were randomly allocated to three groups: aging treatment group, aging control group and normal group; each group had ten rats. Aging treatment group and the control group were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose prepared in saline 125 mg·kg -1·d -1 for 42 day. Normal group was injected with saline for 42 d with same method and dose. From the 18th day after shaving their hair, the dermis of two sides hip skin marked zone of aging treatment group were injected cellulift at a dose of 1 ml per week for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the aging control group was administrated the same volume of saline with same method. In vivo skin collagen alterations were investigated by reflectance confocal microscopy 3 days after every treatment. Skin specimens were obtained in 42 days. In order to measure the dermal collagen density and dermal thickness, HE and Masson trichrome staining were performed, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining for TGFβ1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was performed. Also, the level of TGFβ1, Smad3, types Ⅰ and Ⅲ pro-collagen mRNA expression was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results:As revealed by RCM, collagen density of aging treatment group increased gradually after treatments, while in aging control group it decreased with time. Measurement of dermal thickness, hydroxyproline content and TGFβ-1 mRNA and protein expression in treatment group increased significantly as compared with that in aging control group, but were significantly lower than that in normal group (F values were 25.45, 98.90, 37.94 and 21.35, respectively; P<0.05). Measurement of dermal collagen density, the mRNA expression of type I pre-collagen and Smad3 elevated over that of aging control group with significant difference (F values were 44.46, 29.54 and 10.01, respectively; P<0.05), and there was no difference between normal and aging treatment group ( P>0.05). The difference of PCNA expression between aging control and treatment groups was not significant ( P>0.05), and both were lower than normal group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Cellulift ? shows anti-aging effects by activating collagen synthesis and eventually causing dermal thickening. This effect is probably mediated by TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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ABSTRACT The stability and the anti-ageing, skin hydrating and anti-erythema effects of a commercialized Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768, Crocodylidae, oil lotion was determined. The lotion was stored at controlled conditions over six months during which several stability tests were performed. For the clinical efficacy studies lotion was applied on volar forearm skin (female volunteers) and compared to a liquid paraffin-containing reference product. Skin hydrating and anti-ageing effects were determined with a Corneometer®, Cutometer® and Visioscan®, following single (3 h) and multiple applications (12 weeks). The Vapometer® and Mexameter® were utilized to determine this lotion's anti-erythema effects on sodium lauryl sulfate irritated skin. The lotion demonstrated good stability over 6 months. The reference product increased skin hydration and decreased skin wrinkles to a larger extent than the C. niloticus lotion after a single application, whereas the C. niloticus lotion decreased skin scaliness better than the reference product. During the long-term study, the reference product overall increased skin hydration more than the C. niloticus lotion, whereas C. niloticus lotion increased skin elasticity to a larger extent than the reference product. C. niloticus lotion increased skin wrinkles and decreased skin scaliness over 12 weeks. Compared to non-treated, irritated skin, C. niloticus lotion demonstrated some potential anti-inflammatory characteristics.
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São abordadas e discutidas as tecnologias de melhoramento e sua meta de vender a possibilidade (real ou virtual) de manter e proporcionar aparência de juventude, longevidade e até imortalidade aos seres humanos como modelo de construção da noção de si mesmo. Emprega-se a ideia de "promoção de saúde ampliada" tanto no sentido de intensificação dos discursos sustentando comportamentos saudáveis como alegoria fotográfica no sentido de ampliar a sua imagem e permitir uma visão mais aproximada de detalhes políticos, ideológicos e mercantis das suas proposições. A partir de uma tipologia das ciências contra o envelhecimento feita por John Vincent em: cosméticas, médicas, biológicas e imortalistas, são enfocados os dois últimos itens e suas implicações. Ao final, propõe-se um enfoque analítico da questão, destacando estratégias biopolíticas para lidar com a finitude humana através de enfoques preemptivos sob a égide da hiperprevenção e a busca de um tipo de felicidade como autossatisfação pessoal que necessita de tecnologias de melhoramento para ser alcançada.
In this article, we discuss enhancement technologies and their goal to sell the possibility (actual or virtual) of keeping and providing appearances of youth, longevity and even immortality for human beings as a construction model of the notion of self. We employ the idea of 'amplified health promotion' in the sense of intensification of discourses supporting healthy behaviours and also as a photographic allegory, in the sense of amplifying its image in order to allow a closer view of the political, ideological and mercantile details of its proposals. Based on a typology of the anti-ageing sciences, proposed by John Vincent as cosmetic, medical, biological and immortalist, we deal with the latter two and their implications. Finally, we propose an analytical focus on the subject, emphasizing biopolitical strategies to deal with human finitude through preemptive approaches with the support of hyper-prevention, and the search of a kind of happiness as personal self-fulfillment that needs enhancement technologies to be reached.
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Humans , Male , Female , Technological Development , Longevity , Medicine , Biomedical Enhancement , Biomedical Technology , Healthy Lifestyle , Health Promotion , Harm Reduction , Personal SatisfactionABSTRACT
AIM: To study the anti ageing effect of elk antlers ethanolic fluidextract. METHODS: The subacute ageing model mice induced by D galactose was established and was given elk antlers ethanolic fluidextract for 30 days. SOD and MDA activity of the blood in the mice was determined at the end of experiment. The anti stress action and the immunomodulation were measured by determining the surviving time under hypoxic condition and swimming time and by determining the immune organ index, respectively. RESULTS: Elk antlers ethanolic fluidextract could raise SOD activity and reduce MDA content of the blood in subacute ageing model mice. It could prolong the surviving time under hypoxic conditon and swimming time in mice. It could also increase spleen index and reduce thymus index in mice. CONCLUSION: Elk antlers ethanolic fluidextract has anti oxidation action. It can strengthen the ability to bear hypoxic condition and tiredness in mice.It has certain action to regulate immune function.