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1.
Med. lab ; 25(4): 675-693, 2021. ilus, tabs
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369969

ABSTRACT

El lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) se describió hace aproximadamente 50 años, y desde ese momento se ha venido empleando cada vez con más frecuencia, llegando a ser uno de los métodos de elección para hacer el diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones respiratorias bajas, pues facilita la identificación de patógenos oportunistas y no oportunistas. Su uso se incrementó paralelamente con el número de pacientes inmunocomprometidos, sobre todo a causa del SIDA y los trasplantes, situaciones en las que con frecuencia los pacientes padecen infecciones pulmonares por gérmenes oportunistas. El LBA es un procedimiento seguro que permite obtener muestras que aportan información amplia de las características celulares y microbiológicas del tracto respiratorio inferior. Para garantizar su utilidad es fundamental que la recolección, transporte, almacenamiento y procesamiento de las muestras sean óptimos. El análisis de las muestras se hace por técnicas convencionales para identificación de microorganismos, como son las tinciones y el aislamiento en medios de cultivo, y por otros métodos tales como la inmunofluorescencia, pruebas inmunológicas para la detección de antígenos y anticuerpos, y pruebas de biología molecular. En la presente revisión, se hace una actualización sobre el procedimiento de obtención, almacenamiento y transporte de las muestras de LBA, así como de las técnicas de diagnóstico microbiológico más utilizadas para identificar los principales agentes infecciosos asociados con enfermedades del tracto respiratorio inferior


Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was described approximately 50 years ago and since then it has been used with increasing frequency, becoming one of the methods of choice for making the microbiological diagnosis of lower respiratory infections, as it facilitates the identification of opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens. Its use increased in parallel with the number of immunocompromised patients, especially due to AIDS and transplantation, situations in which patients frequently suffer from lung infections due to opportunistic germs. BAL is a safe procedure that allows obtaining samples that provide comprehensive information on the cellular and microbiological characteristics of the lower respiratory tract. Optimal collection, transport, storage and processing of samples is essential to guarantee its usefulness. Analysis of the samples is done both by conventional techniques for the identification of microorganisms, such as staining and isolation in culture media, as well as by other methods such as immunofluorescence, immunological tests for the detection of antigens and antibodies, and molecular biology assays. In this review, an update in presented on the procedure for obtaining, storing and transporting BAL samples, as well as on the most widely used microbiological diagnostic techniques to identify the main infectious agents associated with lower respiratory tract diseases


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Respiratory Tract Infections , Staining and Labeling , Bacterial Infections and Mycoses , Diagnosis , Mycobacterium
2.
An. bras. dermatol ; 95(5): 645-648, Sept.-Oct. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1130952

ABSTRACT

Abstract This report presents the case of a 13-year-old female patient with history of acute myeloid leukemia, who, after a bone marrow transplant, began to vomit and experienced rapidly progressive deterioration of consciousness, in addition to disseminated erythematous-violaceous macules, and some blisters with hemorrhagic content inside. Skin biopsy evidenced intravascular filamentous structures. A blood culture confirmed the presence of Fusarium oxysporum. Intravenous treatment with voriconazole was initiated. The patient evolved unfavorably with multiple necrotic skin lesions, ischemic brain lesions, and death.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Fusariosis/diagnosis , Fusariosis/drug therapy , Fusarium , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Voriconazole/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 35(2): 175-181, apr.-jun. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1103829

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As queimaduras são responsáveis por cerca de 180.000 mortes por ano no mundo e cerca de 1.000.000 de acidentes, mais de 100.000 internações hospitalares e 2.500 mortes por ano no Brasil. Dentre as causas de morbidade e mortalidade do paciente queimado, destacam-se as infecções. O conhecimento do perfil microbiológico e o adequado tratamento dos casos de infecção impactam na diminuição nas taxas de morbimortalidade. O objetivo é analisar o perfil microbiológico e de resistência aos antimicrobianos dos pacientes internados na Unidade de Queimaduras do Hospital Geral "José Pangella" de Vila Penteado, durante o período de 2011 a 2018. Métodos: O estudo é retrospectivo e levantou todos os exames microbiológicos dos pacientes internados por queimaduras na Unidade de Queimaduras do Hospital Geral "José Pangella" de Vila Penteado, localizado na cidade de São Paulo, durante o período de janeiro de 2011 até o final de dezembro de 2018. Resultados: Foram isolados 495 microrganismos, sendo 436 bactérias (88,080%) e 59 fungos (11,919%). Entre as amostras analisadas, a maior prevalência foi do Staphylococcus sp., seguido por Pseudomonas sp. e Klebsiella sp., destacando-se, ainda, Candida sp. e Acinetobacter sp. Conclusão: O manuseio dos pacientes vítimas de queimaduras continua sendo um grande desafio para os centros de tratamento de queimaduras. Identificar os patógenos responsáveis pelas infecções dos pacientes pode acarretar em uma otimização do tratamento, com a escolha de um antibiótico eficaz, e, dessa forma, acarretar na redução da morbimortalidade desses pacientes, além de diminuir tempo de internação e custos utilizados de maneira significativa.


Introduction: Burns are responsible for about 180,000 deaths per year worldwide and about 1,000,000 accidents, more than 100,000 hospital admissions and 2,500 deaths per year in Brazil. Among the causes of morbidity and mortality of burn patients, infections stand out. Knowledge of the microbiological profile and appropriate treatment of infection cases impact on the decrease in morbidity and mortality rates. The Objetive is to analyze the microbiological profile and antimicrobial resistance profile of patients admitted to the Burn Unit of the General Hospital "José Pangella" of Vila Penteado from 2011 to 2018. Methods: This is a retrospective study and surveyed all microbiological examinations of patients hospitalized for burns at the "José Pangella" Burns Unit of Vila Penteado General Hospital, located in the city of São Paulo, from January 2011 until the end of December 2018. Results: 495 microorganisms were isolated, being 436 bacteria (88,080%) and 59 fungi (11,919%). Among the samples analyzed, the highest prevalence was Staphylococcus sp., followed by Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Candida sp. and Acinetobacter sp. Conclusion: Handling burn patients remains a major challenge for burn treatment centers. Identifying the pathogens responsible for patients infections may result in optimal treatment, with an effective antibiotic choice and reducing the morbidity and mortality of these patients, as well as significantly reducing hospitalization time and costs.

4.
Rev. Bras. Med. Fam. Comunidade (Online) ; 15(42): 1939-1939, 20200210. ilus
Article in Portuguese | ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1097398

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Cidades litorâneas possuem atividades econômicas como a pesca e o turismo que promovem o contato com a água do mar e, consequentemente, a exposição a microrganismos raramente encontrados em outros contextos e muitas vezes de diagnóstico tardio, podendo resultar em morbidade ou morte significativa. Objetivo: Essa revisão da literatura objetiva mostrar a importância da suspeição da infecção marinha na Atenção Primária, sua etiologia, manifestações clínicas, tratamento, complicações e prevenção. Métodos: Foi realizada pesquisa em bases de dados eletrônicos (SciELO, Google Acadêmico, MEDLINE e PubMed). Resultados: Foram encontrados 135 artigos e vinte foram selecionados, referentes aos anos de 2003 a 2018. Observou-se escassez de estudos que avaliam a efetividade de esquemas de antibioticoterapia e sua duração necessária. Além disso, verificou-se a ausência de classificação no Código Internacional de Doenças (CID-10) e Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), fato que prejudica a notificação e estudos epidemiológicos sobre o assunto. Conclusão: É preciso incluir a infecção marinha no diagnóstico diferencial de casos de ferimentos crônicos de difícil diagnóstico, principalmente se houver histórico de exposição a ambiente marinho. Novos estudos se fazem necessários para avaliação da terapêutica adequada. Outrossim, é fundamental conscientizar a população quanto ao risco de infecção marinha e seus métodos de prevenção.


Introduction: Coastal cities have economic activities such as fishing and tourism that promote contact with sea water and consequent exposure to microorganisms rarely found in other contexts. Too often, late diagnosis can result in significant morbidity or death. Objective: This review of the literature aims to show the importance of the differential diagnosis of marine infection in primary care, its etiology, clinical manifestations, treatment, complications and prevention. Methods: Electronic databases (SciELO, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and PubMed) were searched. Results: 135 articles were found and twenty were selected, referring to the years 2003 to 2018. A shortage of studies evaluating the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy regimens and their necessary duration was observed. In addition, the absence of the International Code of Diseases (ICD-10) and Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) was observed, which is detrimental to the epidemiological notification and study on the subject. Conclusion: It is necessary to include marine infection in the differential diagnosis of cases of chronic injuries difficult to diagnose, especially if there is a history of exposure to the marine environment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the appropriate therapy. It is also essential to educate the population about the risk of marine infection and methods of prevention.


Introducción: Las ciudades costeras tienen actividades económicas como la pesca y el turismo que promueven el contacto com la agua del mar y consecuentemente la exposición a microorganismos raramente encontrados em otros contextos y muchas veces de diagnóstico tardío, pudiendo resultar em morbilidad o muerte significativa. Objetivo: Esta revisión de la literatura objetiva mostrar la importancia de la sospecha de la infección marina en la atención primaria, su etiología, manifestaciones clínicas, tratamiento, complicaciones y prevención. Método: Se realizo investigación en bases de datos electrónicos (SciELO, Google Académico, MEDLINE y PubMed). Resultados: Se encontraron 135 artículos y veinte fueron seleccionados, referentes a los años de 2003 a 2018. Se observo escasez de estudios que evalúan la efectividad de esquemas de antibioticoterapia y suduración necesaria. Además, se verifico la ausencia de clasificación en el Código Internacional de Enfermedades (CID-10) y Descriptores em Ciencias de La Salud (DeCS), hecho que perjudica la notificación y estudio epidemiológicos sobre el tema. Conclusión: Es necesario incluir la infección marina em el diagnóstico diferencial de casos de lesiones crónicas de difícil diagnóstico, principalmente si hayun historial de exposición al ambiente marino. Los nuevos estudios se hacen necesarios para evaluar la terapéutica adecuada. También es fundamental concientizar a la población encuanto al riesgo de infección marina y sus métodos de prevención.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Infections , Marine Environment , Infections , Mycoses , Occupational Health
5.
Journal of Clinical Hepatology ; (12): 2596-2599, 2019.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-777903

ABSTRACT

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe syndrome of liver diseases commonly seen in clinical practice and can lead to severe disorders and decompensation of liver synthesis, metabolism, detoxification, and biotransformation, as well as multiple organ failure and an extremely high short-term mortality rate. Infection can induce or aggravate the condition of ACLF and is an independent influencing factor for patient prognosis. This article describes the mechanism and characteristics of ACLF with infection, summarizes the common types and clinical features of infection, reviews the recommended anti-infective regimens, and emphasizes the importance of early prophylactic treatment. ACLF patients with infection tend to have critical conditions, and early diagnosis and empirical anti-infective treatment is the key to successful treatment.

6.
An. bras. dermatol ; 92(4): 568-569, July-Aug. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887016

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Tinea nigra is a superficial mycosis whose diagnosis is confirmed by isolating the infectious agent Hortae werneckii through mycological examinations. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy, initially used in melanocytic dermatosis, has been used with skin infectious diseases to identify the parasite at the cellular level. We report, for the first time in the scientific literature, the use of reflectance confocal microscopy in a case of tinea nigra and compare its findings to dermoscopy and mycological examination results.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tinea/diagnostic imaging , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Tinea/microbiology , Dermoscopy/methods , Fungi/isolation & purification
7.
Surg. cosmet. dermatol. (Impr.) ; 9(1): 29-33, jan.-mar. 2017. ilus.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-879930

ABSTRACT

Introdução: As micoses subcutâneas provocadas por fungos demáceos (MSCFD)são classificadas conforme sua apresentação no tecido: cromoblastomicose com presença de corpúsculos fumagoides, feoifomicose com hifas septadas demáceas e eumicetoma com grãos compostos por hifas septadas demáceas. Diversos tratamentos são propostos, entre eles a exérese cirúrgica. O tratamento cirúrgico é mais indicado nos casos em que há infecção localizada e passível de exérese, com bons resultados terapêuticos e baixa taxa de recidiva. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência de um serviço dermatológico no tratamento cirúrgico dos casos de MSCFD, discutindo as abordagens cirúrgicas e seus resultados. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com análise descritiva dos casos atendidos no período de abril de 2014 a dezembro de 2016 em clínica dermatológica da cidade de São Paulo. Foram incluídos todos os casos com diagnóstico de MSCFD que foram submetidos à terapêutica cirúrgica com exérese total da lesão. Resultados: Foram totalizados sete casos: dois de eumicetoma, um de cromoblastomicose e quatro de feoifomicose. De todos os casos apenas um não foi abordado em regime de centro cirúrgico ambulatorial. Todos evoluíram sem sequelas e sem recidivas no seguimento clínico. Conclusões: A remoção da lesão cutânea é um boa opção terapêutica nos casos de MSCFD em que o procedimento cirúrgico for viável.


Introduction: Subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi are classified according to their characteristics in the tissue: chromoblastomycosis (with the presence of fumagoid corpuscles), phaeohyphomycosis (with dematiaceous septate hyphae) and eumicetoma (with grains composed of septate hyphae). Several treatments are proposed, among them, surgical excision. Surgical treatment is more indicated in cases where there is localized infection and where excision is possible, yielding good therapeutic outcomes and low recurrence rates. Objective: To describe the experience of a dermatological service in the surgical treatment of subcutaneous mycosis cases caused by dematiaceous fungi, discussing the surgical approach and its results. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with the descriptive analysis of cases treated from April 2014 to December 2016, at a dermatological clinic in the Brazilian Southeast city of São Paulo. All cases diagnosed with subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi were included and surgically treated with total exeresis of the lesion. Results: A total of 7 cases were analyzed ­ 2 eumicetomas, 1 chromoblastomycosis and 4 phaeohyphomycoses. Only one on the cases was not treated at an ambulatory surgical center. All cases progressed without sequelae or recurrences during the clinical follow-up. Conclusions: When surgical treatment is possible, the exeresis of the lesion is a good therapeutic option in cases of subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi.

8.
HU rev ; 43(3): 285-294, jul-set 2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-947541

ABSTRACT

Among its innumerous applications in Bacteriology, the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique is evolving as a powerful tool for bacterial identification and antimicrobial resistance investigation. Publications have evaluated the MALDI-TOF MS performance in the identification of a series of bacterial pathogens, including the most common severe infectious agents, emergent pathogens involved with outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections, rare pathogens, and those whose isolation in culture media is difficult. As compared to conventional methods of bacterial identification, MALDI-TOF MS has proven to be a fast, accurate and cost-effective technique. Currently, MALDI-TOF MS has been used in antimicrobial resistance studies, since it has shown to be an efficient tool in detecting specific resistance mechanisms in bacteria, such as beta-lactamases production, for example. Here, we describe the advances in this growing field of mass spectrometry applied to Bacteriology, including Brazilian contributions.


Dentre as suas inúmeras aplicações em Bacteriologia, a técnica de "Espectrometria de Massa por Ionização e Dessorção de Matriz com Laser em Tempo de Voo [Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)]" tem evoluído como uma poderosa ferramenta para a identificação bacteriana e a investigação da resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos. Publicações tem avaliado o desempenho de MALDI-TOF na identificação de uma série de patógenos bacterianos, incluindo os agentes mais comuns de infecções graves, patógenos emergentes envolvidos com surtos de infecções associadas à saúde, patógenos raros, e aqueles de difícil isolamento em meios de cultura. Em comparação aos métodos convencionais de identificação bacteriana, MALDI-TOF MS provou ser uma técnica rápida, precisa e rentável. Atualmente, MALDI-TOF MS tem sido utilizado em estudos de resistência antimicrobiana, uma vez que tem mostrado ser uma ferramenta eficiente na detecção de mecanismos especificos de resistência em bactérias, como a produção beta-lactamases, por exemplo. Aqui, nós descrevemos os avanços neste crescente campo da espectrometria de massa aplicada à Bacteriologia, incluindo as contribuições brasileiras.


Subject(s)
Mass Spectrometry , Patient Isolation , Bacterial Infections and Mycoses , beta-Lactamases , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Costs and Cost Analysis , Delivery of Health Care , Lasers
9.
An. bras. dermatol ; 90(2): 255-257, Mar-Apr/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741072

ABSTRACT

A 70-year-old male presenting a 3-month history of genital painless erythematous nodules in the balanopreputial sulcus was referred to our service. Histopathological exam presented a chronic dermatitis with epithelioid granulomas and Grocott staining revealed numerous fungal structures with a suggestive morphology of Histoplasma sp. Cultures evidenced Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. Treatment with oral itraconazole led to complete remission of lesions.


Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Dermatomycoses/pathology , Histoplasmosis/pathology , Immunocompetence , Penile Diseases/pathology , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Biopsy , Dermatomycoses/drug therapy , Dermatomycoses/immunology , Histoplasma , Histoplasmosis/drug therapy , Histoplasmosis/immunology , Immunocompetence/immunology , Itraconazole/therapeutic use , Penile Diseases/drug therapy , Penile Diseases/immunology , Treatment Outcome
10.
Rev. saúde pública ; 49: 1-7, 27/02/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-742282

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To evaluate if temperature and humidity influenced the etiology of bloodstream infections in a hospital from 2005 to 2010. METHODS The study had a case-referent design. Individual cases of bloodstream infections caused by specific groups or pathogens were compared with several references. In the first analysis, average temperature and humidity values for the seven days preceding collection of blood cultures were compared with an overall “seven-days moving average” for the study period. The second analysis included only patients with bloodstream infections. Several logistic regression models were used to compare different pathogens and groups with respect to the immediate weather parameters, adjusting for demographics, time, and unit of admission. RESULTS Higher temperatures and humidity were related to the recovery of bacteria as a whole (versus fungi) and of gram-negative bacilli. In the multivariable models, temperature was positively associated with the recovery of gram-negative bacilli (OR = 1.14; 95%CI 1.10;1.19) or Acinetobacter baumannii (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.16;1.37), even after adjustment for demographic and admission data. An inverse association was identified for humidity. CONCLUSIONS The study documented the impact of temperature and humidity on the incidence and etiology of bloodstream infections. The results correspond with those from ecological studies, indicating a higher incidence of gram-negative bacilli during warm seasons. These findings should guide policies directed at preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infections. .


OBJETIVO Avaliar se temperatura e umidade influenciam a etiologia das infecções na corrente sanguínea em hospital, no período de 2005 a 2010. MÉTODOS O estudo teve delineamento caso-referência. Casos individuais de infecções de corrente sanguínea por patógenos ou grupos de interesse foram comparados com diferentes referências. Na primeira etapa, valores médios de temperatura e umidade, para os sete dias que precederam a coleta de culturas de sangue, foram comparados com a “média-móvel de ordem 7” para todos os dias do período do estudo. A segunda etapa incluiu somente os casos com culturas positivas. Foram realizadas análises por regressão logística para avaliar a influência dos parâmetros meteorológicos imediatos sobre a etiologia dessas infecções, ajustando os resultados para dados demográficos, tempo e unidade de internação. RESULTADOS Temperatura e umidade mais elevadas foram associadas às infecções de corrente sanguínea causadas por bactérias como um todo (versus fungos) e por bacilos Gram-negativos. Nos modelos multivariados, a temperatura foi positivamente associada com o isolamento nas culturas de bacilos Gram-negativos (OR = 1,14; IC95% 1,10;1,19) ou A. baumannii (OR = 1,26; IC95% 1,16;1,37), mesmo após ajuste para dados demográficos e de internação. Associação inversa foi identificada por umidade. CONCLUSÕES O estudo documentou o impacto de temperatura e umidade sobre incidência e etiologia de infecções da corrente sanguínea. Os resultados são coerentes com os relatados em estudos ecológicos, apontando para maior incidência de bacilos Gram-negativos durante as estações quentes. Esses achados devem orientar as estratégias direcionadas à prevenção e controle de infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteremia/microbiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Hot Temperature/adverse effects , Humidity/adverse effects , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Weather
11.
An. bras. dermatol ; 89(2): 334-336, Mar-Apr/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-706975

ABSTRACT

Tinea nigra is a rare superficial mycosis caused by Hortaea werneckii. This infection presents as asymptomatic brown to black maculae mostly in palmo-plantar regions. We performed scanning electron microscopy of a superficial shaving of a tinea nigra lesion. The examination of the outer surface of the sample showed the epidermis with corneocytes and hyphae and elimination of fungal filaments. The inner surface of the sample showed important aggregation of hyphae among keratinocytes, which formed small fungal colonies. The ultrastructural findings correlated with those of dermoscopic examination - the small fungal aggregations may be the dark spicules seen on dermoscopy - and also allowed to document the mode of dissemination of tinea nigra, showing how hyphae are eliminated on the surface of the lesion.


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Hand Dermatoses/pathology , Tinea/pathology , Ascomycota/isolation & purification , Colony Count, Microbial , Dermoscopy , Hand Dermatoses/microbiology , Keratinocytes/pathology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Tinea/microbiology
12.
Medisur ; 11(5): 542-545, oct. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-760211

ABSTRACT

Las especies Rhodotorula son hongos que forman parte de la microflora comensal de la piel, uñas y membranas mucosas. Están adoptando un papel destacado como patógeno humano en sujetos inmunodeprimidos y con sonda permanente, además se mencionan entre los agentes emergentes de infección. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 38 años de edad, que padece de leucemia mieloide aguda, ingresada en el Hospital Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima, de Cienfuegos, para tratamiento habitual y que comenzó a padecer fiebre y toma del estado general; en el estudio del cultivo de catéter se aisló célula levaduriforme del género Rhodotorula. Se trató con el antifúngico amfotericina B, que dispone de buena actividad frente a las especies de este género, lo que en esta paciente fue provechoso, pues evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Por lo poco frecuente del aislamiento en este medio y el hecho de que dicho organismo esté emergiendo como agente infeccioso, se decidió la publicación de este caso.


Rhodotorula species are fungi that are part of the commensal microflora of the skin, nails and mucous membranes. They are playing a significant role as human pathogen in immunocompromised and permanently catheterized patients. In addition, they are included among the emerging infectious agents. We report the case of a 38-year-old female patient suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia, admitted to the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima Hospital in Cienfuegos for usual treatment and who started presenting fever and general malaise. Yeast of the genus Rhodotorula was isolated in the analysis of the catheter culture. The antifungal amphotericin B was used as treatment since it is effective against species of this genus, helping the patient progress satisfactorily. This case is reported given the rarity of the isolation in our area and the fact that this organism is emerging as an infectious agent.

13.
An. bras. dermatol ; 88(2): 293-295, abr. 2013. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674175

ABSTRACT

The occurence of squamous cell carcinoma on long-lasting ulcers is classic. Malignant transformation may occur on burn scars and chronic ulcers of varying etiology, including infectious agents. Transformation of old lobomycosis lesion scars into squamous cell carcinoma has been rarely reported. Careful and long-term follow-up of such patients is important to avoid carcinomatous transformation.


A ocorrência de carcinoma espinocelular sobre lesões cutâneas de longa evolução é clássica em cicatrizes de queimadura e úlceras crônicas de etiologia variada, inclusive infecciosa. Na literatura, são raros os casos de pacientes com lobomicose de longa evolução que desenvolveram CEC. O seguimento cuidadoso desses pacientes é importante, pois, nas áreas de traumas, ulcerações e cicatrizes crônicas pode ocorrer degeneração carcinomatosa. .


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Lobomycosis/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology , Cicatrix/pathology , Lobomycosis/complications , Skin Neoplasms/etiology
14.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-658489

ABSTRACT

O aparecimento de uma grande variedade de micro-organismos patogênicos resistentes aos antimicrobianos tem resultado tanto no aumento do índice de doenças quanto no aumento do índice de mortalidade, ambos provocados por infecções facilmente tratadas no passado. Assim, tornou-se urgente a necessidade de desenvolver novos procedimentos de intervenção a fim de promover a inviabilização do crescimento microbiano. A Inativação Fotodinâmica de micro-organismos é uma alternativa promissora no combate de infecções localizadas de micro-organismos. Basicamente esse mecanismo envolve a combinação sinérgica de um fotossensibilizador, oxigênio molecular e luz visível de comprimento de onda adequado para produzir espécies reativas de oxigênio, que causam oxidação dos componentes da célula levando-a à morte. A principal vantagem dessa técnica é o fato de não haver desenvolvimento de resistência ao tratamento pelos micro-organismos, devido ao grande número de alvos possíveis por parte dos radicais de oxigênio. Este trabalho faz uma comparação entre inativação fotodinâmica de micro-organismos e a ação dos antimicrobianos.


The appearance of a large variety of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic microorganisms has led to increased rates of disease and mortality caused by infections that were easily treated in the past. Hence,338Fotoinativação versus antimicrobianosRev Ciênc Farm Básica Apl., 2012;33(3):331-340there is an urgent need to develop new procedures to prevent microbial growth. Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms is a promising alternative way to fight localized microbial infections. This technique, basically, involves the synergistic combination of a photosensitizer, molecular oxygen and visible light of an appropriate wavelength, to produce highly reactive oxygen species that lead to the oxidation of several cell components and to cell inactivation. The main advantage of the technique is that, given the existence of multiple targets, there is no development of resistance. This paper aims to compare the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms and the action of antibiotics.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Photochemotherapy/methods , Mycoses
15.
J. bras. pneumol ; 37(5): 689-693, set.-out. 2011. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604398

ABSTRACT

Algumas patologias pulmonares apresentam-se como verdadeiros desafios diagnósticos devido às suas diversas formas de apresentação. A actinomicose é uma dessas patologias, podendo atingir diversos órgãos e sistemas. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com a forma pseudotumoral pulmonar da doença, cujo seu diagnóstico geralmente só é realizado através de toracotomia ou toracoscopia.


Some lung diseases are true diagnostic challenges due to their various clinical presentations. Actinomycosis is one such disease, potentially affecting various organs and systems. We report the case of a patient with pulmonary actinomycosis as a pseudotumor, which is usually only diagnosed by thoracotomy or thoracoscopy.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Actinomycosis/diagnosis , Lung Diseases/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Rare Diseases/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Thoracoscopy
16.
An. bras. dermatol ; 85(2): 239-240, mar.-abr. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-547487

ABSTRACT

Caso de lobomicose em paciente procedente da região amazônica brasileira. Essa micose subcutânea, causada pela levedura Lacazia loboi, acomete, frequentemente, homens adultos e foi também diagnosticada em golfinhos. O tratamento depende da apresentação clínica: letrocoagulação, exérese cirúrgica e crioterapia são opções terapêuticas para as lesões localizadas, como a do paciente relatado, enquanto itraconazol e clofazimina, isolados ou em associação, podem ser empregados para lesões disseminadas. Até o presente, não há tratamento adequado para os casos com lesões disseminadas.


A case of lobomycosis in a patient from the Brazilian Amazon region is presented. Lobomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by the yeast Lacazia loboi. It often affects adult males and has been reported in dolphins. Therapeutical options for localized lesions, such as the ones shown by the patient in this report, are eletrocoagulation, surgical exeresis, and cryotherapy. Disseminated lesions may be treated with Itraconazole or combination therapy with Clofazimine. There is still no curative therapy for disseminated lesions of lobomycosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Ascomycota , Dermatomycoses/pathology , Brazil
17.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 61(3): 371-376, maio-jun. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-486373

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura que tem por objetivo refletir acerca das infecções causadas por micobactérias de crescimento rápido, um problema de saúde pública e que emerge no contexto dos hospitais brasileiros. Essas micobactérias são ambientais, mas patógenos, sendo possível infectar artigos médicos e causar infecções de ferida cirúrgica e doenças de pele. Variáveis importantes e de difícil avaliação econômica e financeira, como danos físicos e psicológicos decorrentes deste tipo de intercorrência, desafiam estudiosos e conferem relevância à temática.


This study is a literature review with the bjective to reflect concerning the infections caused for Mycobacteria of Rapid Growth, a problem of public health that emerges in the context of the Brazilian hospitals. These mycobacteria are ambient, but patogenic, being possible to infect medical suplplies and cause infections in surgical wound and skin illnesses. Importants variables of difficult economic and financial evaluation, as decurrent physical and psychological damages of this type of infection, defy the researchers and confer relevance to the thematic one.


Este estudio es una revisión de la literatura que tiene cómo objetivo reflexionar sobre las infecciones causadas para las Micobacteria de Crecimiento Rápido, un problema de la salud pública que emerge en el contexto de los hospitales brasileños. Estos mycobacteria son ambiente, pero patógenos, siendo posibles a los artículos médicos infectar y a las infecciones de la causa de las enfermedades quirúrgicas de la herida y de la piel. Importantes variables de la evaluación económica y financiera difícil, como daños físicos y psicologicos decurrentes de este tipo de infección, es un desafío para los investigadores y confiere importancia la temática.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross Infection , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous , Brazil , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/epidemiology , Public Health
18.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 199-207, 2006.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-79364

ABSTRACT

This study was to analyze the infectious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) according to the recent changes of HSCT. Medical records of 379 adult patients who underwent HSCT consecutively at Catholic HSCT Center from January 2001 to December 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. Allogeneic HSCT accounted for 75.7% (287/379) and autologous HSCT for 24.3% (92/379). During pre-engraftment period, bacterial infection was predominant, and E. coli was still the most common organism. After engraftment, viral infection was predominant. The incidence of invasive fungal infection showed bimodal distribution with peak correlated with neutropenia and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The overall mortality and infection-related mortality rates according to 3 periods were as follows; during pre-engraftment, 3.16% (12/379) and 1.8% (7/379); during midrecovery period, 7.9% (29/367) and 4.1% (15/367); during late-recovery period, 26.9% (91/338), and 15.9% (54/338). Risk factors for infection-related mortality were as follows; during pre-engraftment period, fungal infection and septic shock; during the mid-recovery period, hemorrhagic cystitis and delayed engraftment; during the late-recovery period, fungal infection, chronic GVHD, and relapse. In conclusion, infection was still one of the main complications after HSCT and highly contributes to mortality. The early diagnosis and the effective vaccination strategy are needed for control of infections.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Humans , Female , Adult , Adolescent , Time Factors , Risk Factors , Retrospective Studies , Mycoses/etiology , Korea/epidemiology , Infections/epidemiology , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects , Graft vs Host Disease/etiology
19.
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases ; : 448-452, 2001.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-196389

ABSTRACT

Coccidioidomycosis is a common infectious disease in southwestern North America, which is caused by the soil fungus, Coccidioides immitis. Due to the mobility of the modern population, increasing numbers of cases are being diagnosed outside the endemic areas. Moreover, diagnosis in non-endenmic areas may be delayed or confused due to its rarity. Here we report a case of pulmonary coccidioidomycisis in an immigrant. The patient presented with unexplained pulmonary symptoms. A history of recent travel to or immigration from an endemic area may suggest coccidioidomycosis. In addition an early tissue biopsy is helpful in establishing this diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Infections and Mycoses , Biopsy , Coccidioides , Coccidioidomycosis , Communicable Diseases , Diagnosis , Emigrants and Immigrants , Emigration and Immigration , Fungi , Mycoses , North America , Soil
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