ABSTRACT
Aesthetic value of the automotive car seat has been one of the selling points of each car besidesproviding functions such as being safe, supportive as well provides comfort to the occupants. Othercriteria considered besides the aesthetic element are cushion foam and self-adjustment factor.Ergonomics is not a new issue because most of the existing seat design today have already practiced it.Existing car seat manufacturers have considered anthropometry data. The average upon 95th percentile ofhuman measurement had been deliberated. However, issues such as time spent driving and seat designissue have arisen upon the search of comfort and rising of musculoskeletal disease such as back pain. As asolution, this study would propose an automotive car seat design of ergonomic evolution, which wouldcreate comfort by manipulating the seat cushion foams. The proposed seat cushion foam would be use toreplace the existing polymers with beanbag foam. This is inspire by the nature of beanbag, fitting up andproviding comfort to the occupants of various body sizes and shapes. Malaysian anthropometrymeasurements are required for design of car seat, which later compared with the existing seats ofcommercial vehicle. The literature review showed the pressure mapping technique of respondent seatingon the existing car seat. The most sensitive compartments where discomfort are experienced studied andplaced with sachets filed with beanbag beads. This experiment conducted many times over a fewrespondents by using the pressure mat to find out, if there are any changes in terms of comfort. Thisdesign of new car seat with a manipulation cushion foam replaced with beanbag foam could be a niche toeliminate discomfort to all range body sizes and shapes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of Bean Bag in lateral position placing during pulmonary operations,evaluate its effects by comparing with the routine placing of lateral position by sandbags and side shields, and to provide scientific evidences to solve the existing clinical problems in lateral position placing. Methods One hundred patients with pulmonary surgeries who needed lateral position placing were divided into Bean Bag group and routine method group randomly according to random digit table,50 patients in each group.Bean bag was used in lateral position placing in Bean Bag group,while sandbags and side shields were used in routine lateral position placing in routine method group. The required time for positioning and skin pressing condition, the activity of both upper limbs during postoperative follow-up were recorded.The satisfaction of operating surgeons on this position was acquired by self-designed questionnaire when operation was finished. Results The required time for positioning in Bean Bag group was(178.36±24.27)seconds,and that for positioning in routine method group was (282.06 ± 29.34) seconds, there was statistically significant difference between two groups (t=19.254,P<0.01).There were 14 patients who appeared skin injury and press red in Bean Bag group and 27 patients who appeared skin injury and press red in routine method group, and there was statistically significant difference between two groups(χ2=6.986,P=0.008).In Bean Bag group,the total score of seven items in satisfaction questionnaire of operating surgeons on patient's position was 38.34±1.36,while that in routine method group was 29.34±1.29,there was statistically significant difference between two groups(Z=33.924,all P<0.01). Conclusions Our study indicated that it was feasible and safe to use Bean Bag to place lateral position.The exposure of operating field was good and the stability of position was strong. Compared with routine position placing method, lateral position placing by using Bean Bag could save time, the operating procedures were more simple and convenient, and it could protect the physiological function of all aspects in patient's body more effectively, the satisfaction of surgeons for this method in lateral position placing was higher. It might deserve to popularize this method in the clinical practice in the future.
ABSTRACT
Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis is a rescently described histiocytic disorder. It is characterized by the presence of fever, pancytopenia, and subcutaneous nodules resulting from the infiltration of lympho-histiocytes in the dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The characteristic findings is presence of bean-bag histiocytes containing phagocytized red blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets. We experienced two cases of cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis with hard and erythematous subcutaneous nodules. These skin lesions exhibited infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue by large, benign histiocytes with cytophagic features. Hemophagocytic histiocytes were observed in the cervical lymph node in case 1, and bone marrow in case 2. One patient is alive, while the other one died with hemorrhagic complications.