In vitro degradation behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Due to the complex physiological environment of the human body,a wide variety of simulated physiological fluids have been chosen for the current degradation experiments.Therefore,it is of great interest to analyze the degradation behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys in different simulated body fluid environments. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the degradation process and property changes of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy in different simulated body fluids,and to clarify the influence of Ca content and simulated body fluid type on the alloy. METHODS:Mg-Zn-Ca alloys with calcium content of 0.2%,0.5%and 1%were prepared by melting extrusion molding process and were named Mg-Zn-0.2Ca,Mg-Zn-0.5Ca and Mg-Zn-1Ca alloys in turn,with Mg-Zn alloy as the control.The prepared alloys were placed into three simulated body liquids(physiological saline,PBS and Hank's solution),and the morphology,compositional changes,mass loss,pH value and mechanical properties were characterized and analyzed during the degradation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the extension of degradation time,a large number of nanoscale lamellae and columnar structures were generated on the surface of the degraded alloy,and the main components were MgO and Mg(OH)2.The degradation rate of the four kinds of alloys in physiological saline was the fastest,and that in Hank's solution was the slowest.The degradation rate in physiological saline was as follows:Mg-Zn<Mg-Zn-0.2Ca<Mg-Zn-0.5Ca<Mg-Zn-1Ca.The degradation rate in PBS and Hank's solution was as follows:Mg-Zn<Mg-Zn-0.2Ca ≈ Mg-Zn-0.5Ca<Mg-Zn-1Ca.(2)With the extension of degradation time,all four kinds of alloys had a certain mass loss.The degradation in physiological saline was the fastest;the degradation in Hank's solution and PBS was slow,and in the same simulated body fluid,with the increase of calcium content in the alloy,the corrosion rate of the alloy was obviously accelerated.(3)The pH rise was mainly concentrated in 1 day and slowed down after that,and the pH change was the largest in PBS.In the same simulated body fluid,with the increase of calcium content in the alloy,the pH value in the degradation environment increased significantly.(4)In the initial state,the elastic modulus of all Mg-Zn-Ca alloys was higher than that of Mg-Zn alloys.After being placed in simulated body fluids,the elastic modulus of the four alloys decreased with the extension of degradation time,and the decrease was most obvious in physiological saline.(5)In conclusion,a small amount of Ca addition improved the mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy.A small amount of Ca does not accelerate the degradation rate of the alloy,but excessive Ca accelerates the degradation rate of the alloy.During the degradation,the effect of physiological saline simulated body fluid on the mechanical strength of the alloy was the most significant.

Biofluid biomarkers of conversion to α-synucleinopathy in isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder / 中华检验医学杂志

Isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is considered to be a prodromal stage of α-synucleinopathies, providing an important period for investigating biomarkers of conversion risk and potentially disease-modifying intervention. Many previous studies investigating biomarkers in patients with iRBD have focused on different domains including clinical, body fluid and imaging. Due to their direct response to the pathological changes of brain and advantaged accessibility, body fluid markers have become promising potential biomarkers. These studies have involved different molecules related to different pathogenic mechanisms with poor consistency of results. In this paper, a review of previous work on body fluid markers in patients with iRBD is presented.

Establishment and Application of a Duplex Real Time Fluorogenic Quantitative PCR Assay System for miR-451a and miR-21-5p / 生物化学与生物物理进展

ObjectiveBody fluid stains left at crime scenes are frequently trace amounts, while the identification of body fluids through real time fluorogenic quantitative technique often necessitates the repeated detection within the limited sample, as multiple miRNA markers are the basis for the identification. Based on the goal of both the throughput and efficiency improvement of miRNA analysis in trace samples, a duplex real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay system was designed to accurately quantify two miRNAs simultaneously, and the system should be further verified by actual sample for the body fluid identification. MethodsThe duplex real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR system of miR-451a to miR-21-5p was established with specially designed primers and probes, and the concentrations of the primers and probes were both optimized. The specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility of the system were validated, while its capability for body fluid identification was assessed using the miR-451a to miR-21-5p ratio. ResultsThe optimized assay system exhibited excellent specificity and repeatability, with coefficients of variation consistently below 8% for both intra- and inter-batch variability. The amplification efficiency of miR-451a and miR-21-5p reached 71.77% and 74.81%, respectively, with high and relatively consistent results. By utilizing this duplex real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay system, a total of 58 body fluid samples were analyzed, exhibiting a discrimination rate of 100% between blood and non-blood samples, as well as between peripheral blood and menstrual blood samples. Moreover, the results, obtained from single real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay system and duplex real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay system, showed no statistically significant difference with randomly selected blood samples (n=20). Compared to previous single real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay system, the sensitivity of duplex real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay system exhibited remarkable improvement. A minimum input of only 0.1 ng total RNA was sufficient for accurate detection of peripheral blood and menstrual blood samples, while saliva, semen, and vaginal secretion required only 1 ng total RNA for precise identification purposes. Additionally, the duplex real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay system successfully differentiated between different types of body fluids in simulated samples under natural outdoor conditions. ConclusionThe duplex real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay system effectively reduced both the time and material costs by half compared to the single system, especially suitable for the examination of body fluid stains left at crime scenes, solving the contradiction between the trace amount and the multiple sample volumes demand of repeated real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR. The duplex real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay successfully distinguished blood and other body fluid, as well as peripheral blood and menstrual blood samples, which maintains an equivalent capability for body fluid identification with half sample, time and reagent consumption. This system provides an efficient tool for identifying suspicious body fluids, as well as a foundation for more multiplexed real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR assay system research.

A multicenter retrospective cohort study on the attributable risk of patients with Acinetobacter baumannii sterile body fluid infection / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To investigate the attributable risk(AR)of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB)infection in criti-cally ill patients.Methods A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult patients in inten-sive care unit(ICU).Patients with AB isolated from sterile body fluid and confirmed with AB infection in each cen-ter were selected as the infected group.According to the matching criteria that patients should be from the same pe-riod,in the same ICU,as well as with similar APACHE Ⅱ score(±5 points)and primary diagnosis,patients who did not infect with AB were selected as the non-infected group in a 1:2 ratio.The AR was calculated.Results The in-hospital mortality of patients with AB infection in sterile body fluid was 33.3％,and that of non-infected group was 23.1％,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P=0.069).The AR was 10.2％(95％CI:-2.3％-22.8％).There is no statistically significant difference in mortality between non-infected pa-tients and infected patients from whose blood,cerebrospinal fluid and other specimen sources AB were isolated(P＞0.05).After infected with AB,critically ill patients with the major diagnosis of pulmonary infection had the high-est AR.There was no statistically significant difference in mortality between patients in the infected and non-infec-ted groups(P＞0.05),or between other diagnostic classifications.Conclusion The prognosis of AB infection in critically ill patients is highly overestimated,but active healthcare-associated infection control for AB in the ICU should still be carried out.

Construction and evaluation of in-house methylation-sensitive SNaPshot system and three classification prediction models for identifying the tissue origin of body fluid / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The identification of tissue origin of body fluid can provide clues and evidence for criminal case investigations. To establish an efficient method for identifying body fluid in forensic cases, eight novel body fluid-specific DNA methylation markers were selected in this study, and a multiplex singlebase extension reaction (SNaPshot) system for these markers was constructed for the identification of five common body fluids (venous blood, saliva, menstrual blood, vaginal fluid, and semen). The results indicated that the in-house system showed good species specificity, sensitivity, and ability to identify mixed biological samples. At the same time, an artificial body fluid prediction model and two machine learning prediction models based on the support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) algorithms were constructed using previous research data, and these models were validated using the detection data obtained in this study (n=95). The accuracy of the prediction model based on experience was 95.79%; the prediction accuracy of the SVM prediction model was 100.00% for four kinds of body fluids except saliva (96.84%); and the prediction accuracy of the RF prediction model was 100.00% for all five kinds of body fluids. In conclusion, the in-house SNaPshot system and RF prediction model could achieve accurate tissue origin identification of body fluids.

Construction of an Analysis Model of mRNA Markers in Menstrual Blood Based on Naïve Bayes and Multivariate Logistic Regression Methods / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish the menstrual blood identification model based on Naïve Bayes and multivariate logistic regression methods by using specific mRNA markers in menstrual blood detection technology combined with statistical methods, and to quantitatively distinguish menstrual blood from other body fluids.@*METHODS@#Body fluids including 86 menstrual blood, 48 peripheral blood, 48 vaginal secretions, 24 semen and 24 saliva samples were collected. RNA of the samples was extracted and cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription. Five menstrual blood-specific markers including members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family MMP3, MMP7, MMP11, progestogens associated endometrial protein (PAEP) and stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) were amplified and analyzed by electrophoresis. The results were analyzed by Naïve Bayes and multivariate logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#The accuracy of the classification model constructed was 88.37% by Naïve Bayes and 91.86% by multivariate logistic regression. In non-menstrual blood samples, the distinguishing accuracy of peripheral blood, saliva and semen was generally higher than 90%, while the distinguishing accuracy of vaginal secretions was lower, which were 16.67% and 33.33%, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The mRNA detection technology combined with statistical methods can be used to establish a classification and discrimination model for menstrual blood, which can distignuish the menstrual blood and other body fluids, and quantitative description of analysis results, which has a certain application value in body fluid stain identification.

Identification of Human Body Fluid Stains and Non-Biological Stains by Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish a rapid and nondestructive identification method for human body fluid stains and non-biological stains using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.@*METHODS@#The collected three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data of human saliva, 3% blood, coffee and Fanta® stains were processed with dimensionality reduction. After wavelet transform, spectral denoising and feature extraction, the classification formula was established. The Fisher discriminant was used for spectrum matching and recognition to establish the analysis method to distinguish stain types.@*RESULTS@#According to the results of data training and comparison, all the recognition accuracies of Fanta®, coffee, saliva and blood were more than 91.39%. Among them, saliva reached 100% recognition accuracy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is a potential method for rapid and nondestructive identification of biological and non-biological stains.

Application and Prospect of RNA Profiling Analysis in Forensic Body Fluid Identification / 法医学杂志

In forensic physical evidence identification, the accurate identification of the individual origin and their body fluid composition of the biological samples obtained from the crime scene play a critical role in determining the nature of a crime. In recent years, RNA profiling has become one of the fastest developing methods for body fluids identification. Due to the characteristics of tissue or body fluid specific expression, various types of RNA markers have been proven to be promising candidate markers for body fluids identification in previous studies. This review summarizes the research progress of RNA markers in body fluids identification, including the RNA markers that have been effectively verified in current research and their advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile, this review prospects the application of RNA markers in forensic medicine.

Application Value and Research Progress of Human Microbiome in Sexual Assault Cases / 法医学杂志

In recent years, sexual assault cases have been on the rise, seriously infringing the legitimate rights and interests of women and children, causing widespread concern in society. DNA evidence has become the key evidence to prove the facts in sexual assault cases, but lack of DNA evidence or only DNA evidence in some sexual assault cases leads to unclear facts and insufficient evidence. With the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology and the development of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence, new progress has been made in the study of human microbiome. Researchers have begun to use human microbiome for difficult sexual assault cases indentification. This paper reviews the characteristics of human microbiome, and its application value in the inferences of the body fluid stain origin, the sexual assault method, the crime time, etc. In addition, the challenges faced by the application of the human microbiome in practical case handling, the solutions and future development potential are analyzed and prospected.

Professor JIANG Liang-duo's Experience and Thought on Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In this paper, the author systematically summarized and explained the idea of Prof. JIANG Liang-duo for preventing and treating the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19). According to Prof. JIANG, in the early stage of the disease, dampness and heat injury to the lung is the main cause and pathogenesis, and the high-risk group can be protected by supplementing Qi and nourishing Yin, clearing away heat and penetration. The patients with mild disease can be treated with Chinese medicine. But the accurately treatment can be given only knowing the ratio of the dampness, heat, deficiency and excess. For the patients with severe disease, both strengthening and removing pathogenic factors are important. But the drug for Qi should be prescribed instead of drugs for blood. The prognosis of critical illed patients is very poor, and the method of Invigorating Qi and taking Jin is useful to strengthen the foundation, promot lung, remove dampness, clear heat and cool Ying. Clinical medication should be adjusted according to people, time and place in the different situations.

Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND@#Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a major risk factor for the transmission of blood-borne infections to healthcare workers. There are several primary studies in Ethiopia yet they might not be at the national level to quantify the extent of occupational blood and body fluid exposures (splash of blood or other body fluids into the eyes, nose, or mouth) or blood contact with non-intact skin among the healthcare workers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of occupational blood and body fluid exposure of healthcare workers in Ethiopia.@*METHODS@#PubMed, Science Direct, Hinari, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched; withal, the references of appended articles were also checked for further possible sources. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.@*RESULTS@#Of the 641 articles identified through the database search, 36 studies were included in the final analysis. The estimated pooled lifetime and 12-month prevalence on occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers were found to be at 54.95% (95% confidence interval (CI), 48.25-61.65) and 44.24% (95% CI, 36.98-51.51), respectively. The study identified a variation in healthcare workers who were exposed to blood and body fluids across Ethiopian regions.@*CONCLUSION@#The finding of the present study revealed that there was a high level of annual and lifetime exposures to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.

Evaluation of high-fluorescence body fluid (HF-BF) parameter as a screening tool of malignancy in body fluids

Introduction: Automated body fluid (BF) analysis is gradually replacing the traditional methods of cell counting in all BFs. This study was done to analyze the high-fluorescence (HF)-BF parameter generated on Sysmex XN-1000 and study its correlation with the presence of malignant cells in the body fluids. A correlation between manual and automated differential counts was also done. Materials and Methods: A total of 1985 samples including 797 ascitic fluids (AF), 532 pleural fluids (PF), and 656 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) were run on Sysmex XN-1000 in BF mode and cytopathology was available for 924 BFs including 389 AF, 379 PF, and 156 CSF. Both manual and automated methods were used for cell differential and cell morphology. Results: Of the 924 samples with corresponding cytopathology, malignancy was found in 59 samples. The HF-BF%/100 WBCs (24.8 ± 72.5) and HF-BF#/?L (329.86 ± 932.35) for malignant BF samples were found to be significantly higher than the nonmalignant samples (4.41 ± 8.1) and (19.57 ± 61.91), respectively. Receiver–operator-characteristic curve cutoffs for all BF for percentage and absolute HF-BF were 2.85%/100 WBCs and >12/?L. A good correlation was found between the manual and automated WBC differential counts in all fluids except CSF with total count <5/?L. Conclusions: BFs can be reliably analyzed on automated analyzers. HF-BF parameter is helpful in identifying malignant samples but cannot be totally relied upon. If HF-BF%/# are above the lab-generated cutoffs, microscopy should be done. A complete validation study on HF-BF parameter in BF mode is desired to set the standards for the analysis of serious effusions.

Canine cavitary effusion: a retrospective study of 304 cases in Brazil / Efusões cavitárias caninas: estudo retrospectivo de 304 casos no Brasil

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of different categories of specific and general classification in canine cavitary effusions (CE), as well as their association with the underlying etiologies. The laboratorial and clinical data from 304 cases of canine CE were retrospectively assessed. In 32.9% (100 cases), at least one of the specific classification categories was established, with a subtotal predominance of neoplasia (42%), bacterial serositis (24%) and hemorrhage (16%). Neoplasia was confirmed by effusion cytology in 57.5% of the cases with histopathological confirmation. From the cases in which the specific classification was not obtained, 35.8% were classified as modified transudate, 30.4% as pure transudate, 21.1% % as exudate and 12.7% was not included in any general category. The most common causes of effusion among these cases were hypoproteinemia and/or hipoalbuminemia (HPHA) (25.8%), hepatopathy (22.5%), cardiac insufficiency (15.5%) and cytologically undetected cases of neoplasia (12.4%). In conclusion, HPHA, hepatopathy and neoplasia represents important etiologies for canine CE development. Classification of effusions, solely based on [TP] and TNCC, might be an inaccurate diagnostic tool of effusions. New laboratorial classification methods for canine CE should be researched.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência de diferentes categorias de classificação específica e geral em efusões cavitárias (EC) caninas, bem como sua associação com as etiologias subjacentes. Os dados laboratoriais e clínicos de 304 casos de EC canina foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Em 32,9% (100 casos), pelo menos uma das categorias específicas de classificação foi estabelecida, com predomínio subtotal de neoplasia (42%), serosite bacteriana (24%) e hemorragia (16%). A neoplasia foi confirmada pela citologia da efusão em 57,5% dos casos com confirmação histopatológica. Dos casos em que a classificação específica não foi obtida (204 casos), 35,8% foram classificados como transudato modificado, 30,4% como transudato puro, 21,1% como exsudato e 12,7% não foram incluídos em nenhuma categoria geral. As causas mais comuns de efusão nestes casos foram hipoproteinemia e/ou hipoalbuminemia (HPHA) (25,8%), hepatopatia (22,5%), insuficiência cardíaca (15,5%) e casos de neoplasia citologicamente não detectados (12,4%). Em conclusão, HPHA, hepatopatia e neoplasia representam importantes etiologias para o desenvolvimento da EC canina. A classificação geral de efusões, baseada exclusivamente em proteína e celularidade, pode ser uma ferramenta diagnóstica imprecisa. Novos métodos de classificação laboratorial para ECs caninas devem ser pesquisados.(AU)

Surface characterization of calcium phosphate coating formed on chitosan and alkali-treaDted titanium metal / 대한치과재료학회지

The calcium phosphate coating on various pretreated metals was prepared by soaking in modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF) solution. The coating structure and its surface morphologies were determined by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed significant differences in morphology and composition of the calcium phosphate coatings with and without chitosan and NaOH-pretreated commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) substrate. The calcium phosphates formed on chitosan coated-Ti pretreated with NaOH were ~ 350 nm-sized resulting in strong bonding of the apatite layer with the substrates and a uniform gradient of stress transfer from coating materials to the Ti-substrate. After NaOH pretreatment, the hydroxyl groups bind to Ca²⁺ to attract PO₄³⁻ anions, eventually resulting in a continuous layer of calcium phosphate on chitosan coated-Ti substrate during immersion in m-SBF solution. The chitosan coated-Ti showed hydrophobic surface while NaOH pretreatment resulted in maximum hydrophilicity to the Ti substrate. Due to improved wettability of Ti by NaOH pretreatment before chitosan coating, aggregation of calcium phosphate was prevented and size-controlled composite materials were obtained.

Effect of lead exposure on the accumulation of copper and iron in central nervous system of rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the dynamic changes of copper and iron contents in brain tissue, body fluids and barriers of rats exposed to lead at different periods in order to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of lead nerve injury.@*Methods@#Sixty-four healthy adult SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and lead exposure group, after one week of adaptive feeding, rats in the lead exposure group were treated with 250 mg/L lead acetate, and rats in control group were treated with ordinary drinking water, the experimental period was 12 weeks. After exposure for 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks, the samples including blood, choroid plexus, cerebrospinal fluid, cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, amygdala, substantia nigra and cerebellum were obtained. Lead, copper and iron content in all kinds of samples were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS). The measurement data were presented as Mean±SD, Comparison of metal contents in different tissues of rats at different time analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance, Two-variable correlation analysis using Spearman correlation test.The relationship between lead exposure experiod and copper and iron in samples was studied by using trend test.@*Results@#After 12 weeks of lead exposure compared with the control group, lead contents in cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, amygdala, substantia nigra and cerebellum of rats were 2.21, 2.44, 2.95, 3.53, 4.01, 1.85 and 2.86 folds of control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). At the same time, lead content in blood, cerebrospinal fluid,choroid plexus, brain microvessels and bones increased. The increase rate in the amygdala and cerebrospinal fluid ranked first among brain tissue or barrier,which were 4.01 and 3.0 folds respectively. Compared with the control group, Compared with the control group, copper content in cortex,hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus,amygdala, cerebellum,blood,cerebrospinal fluid,choroid plexus and cerebral microvasculature showed an increasing trend among rats following 3,6,9,12 weeks of lead exposure. Copper content change in the striatum was highest among all brain tissue. The increase rate of copper content in the striatum was at the top among brain tissues. After 12 weeks of lead exposure,copper content in brain microvessels was 4.98 folds higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). After lead exposure at different periods,the iron content in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum,cerebrospinal fluid,choroid plexus and brain microvessels of experimental rats all increased(P<0.05). And the iron increase rate in the hypothalamus or cerebrospinal fluid increase ranked first among brain tissues or body fluid the most obviously.@*Conclusion@#With the increase of exposure time, lead exposure can changes in the contents of copper and iron in different brain tissues,body fluids and barriers in rats,among which, the contents of copper and iron in the amygdala,cerebrospinal fluid and brain microvessels increase significantly. This may be related to nerve damage from lead exposure.

Inhibition of Osteoclast differentiation based on precipitation time of titanium surfaces immersed in modified simulated body fluid / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of osteoclast differentiation inhibition according to the period of precipitation when titanium disks were immersed in Modified simulated body fluid (mSBF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Titanium alloy (Ti grade III) disks with machined surfaces and anodized surfaces were immersed in distilled water and mSBF, respectively. The immersion periods were 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days, and the control group was immersed in distilled water for each period. RAW 264.7 cells capable of differentiating into osteoclasts were used to measure the number of adherent cells, the measurement of TRAP activity, and the expression pattern of NFATc1 by western blotting. RESULTS: The degree of inhibition of osteoclast differentiation was found to be statistically significant when the disks were immersed in mSBF for more than 14 days on both machined surfaces and anodized surfaces. There was no correlation between immersion time and cell attachment. When the disks were immersed for more than 14 days, TRAP activity was decreased and NFATc1 expression was inhibited. Futhermore, the decrease in TRAP activity and the inhibition of NFATc1 expression remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Immersion of titanium disks in mSBF for more than 14 days can prevent RAW 264.7 cells from differentiating into osteoclasts. Inhibition activity does not change even if the immersion period is for more than 14 days.

Normal Reference Plots for the Bioelectrical Impedance Vector in Healthy Korean Adults

BACKGROUND: Accurate volume measurement is important in the management of patients with congestive heart failure or renal insufficiency. A bioimpedance analyser can estimate total body water in litres and has been widely used in clinical practice due to its non-invasiveness and ease of results interpretation. To change impedance data to volumetric data, bioimpedance analysers use equations derived from data from healthy subjects, which may not apply to patients with other conditions. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) was developed to overcome the dependence on those equations by constructing vector plots using raw impedance data. BIVA requires normal reference plots for the proper interpretation of individual vectors. The aim of this study was to construct normal reference vector plots of bioelectrical impedance for Koreans. METHODS: Bioelectrical impedance measurements were collected from apparently healthy subjects screened according to a comprehensive physical examination and medical history performed by trained physicians. Reference vector contours were plotted on the RXc graph using the probability density function of the bivariate normal distribution. We further compared them with those of other ethnic groups. RESULTS: A total of 242 healthy subjects aged 22 to 83 were recruited (137 men and 105 women) between December 2015 and November 2016. The centers of the tolerance ellipses were 306.3 Ω/m and 34.9 Ω/m for men and 425.6 Ω/m and 39.7 Ω/m for women. The ellipses were wider for women than for men. The confidence ellipses for Koreans were located between those for Americans and Spaniards without overlap for both genders. CONCLUSION: This study presented gender-specific normal reference BIVA plots and corresponding tolerance and confidence ellipses on the RXc graph, which is important for the interpretation of BIA-reported volume status in patients with congestive heart failure or renal insufficiency. There were noticeable differences in reference ellipses with regard to gender and ethnic groups.

Performances evaluation of Sysmex XN-9000 hematology analyzer under body fluid mode for detecting peritoneal and pleural fluids / 医疗卫生装备

Object To verify and evaluate the performances of Sysmex XN-9000 hematology analyzer under body fluid mode when used for peritoneal and pleural fluids detection.Methods According to the guidance of ICSH, Sysmex XN-9000 hematology analyzer under body fluid mode had its performances verified on background counting, carryover, precision, linear range and etc of RBC-BF and TC-BF, and then was compared with microscopy on RBC-BF, TC-BF, PMN％, MN％, N％, L％, M％and E％.Results The RBC-BF and TC-BF had the background counting being 0.00, carryover being 0.00％and 0.07％ respectively, coefficients of variation (CV) of within-run precision being from 0.96％to 17.89％as well as from 2.19％to 10.33％respectively, CV of between-run precision being from 3.34％to 4.73％as well as from 8.33％to 10.75％resptctively, and the linear ranges being (0～5) ×1012/L and (0～20) ×109/L respectively. There was a high correlation between Sysmex XN-9000 hematology analyzer and microscopy when detecting RBC-BF, TC-BF, PMN％, MN％, N％, L％, M％and E％. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients (rs) were 0.977, 0.995, 0.863, 0.929, 0.926, 0.949, 0.965 and 0.816 (P<0.05), and there were statistical significances between the correlations. Bland-Altman bias analysis on the analyzer and microscopy showed that RBC-BF had the bias (4.6％) lower than that (5.6％) of TC-BF;MN％had the bias (-2.0％) lower than that (4.2％) of PMN％;L％, N％, M％and E％had the bias being-0.5％, 4.4％,-5.9％and-1.6％respectively, which were all met the requirements of the manufacturer.Conclusion Sysmex XN-9000 hematology analyzer under body fluid mode proves its performances for routine detection of peritoneal and pleural fluids.

Establishment and application of miRNA detection method for forensic body fluid identification / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To establish a SYBR Green real-time PCR detection method with tissue-specific miRNAs and explore a novel approach for forensic body fluid identification. Methods The frequently reported 6 standard miRNAs were synthesized to establish a SYBR Green method, and verify with body fluid. The relative expression data for the 6 miRNAs were obtained using SYBR Green real-time PCR method in peripheral blood, menstrual blood, saliva and semen. Results The assays showed that miRNA205 permitted the unequivocal identification among different fluids. miRNA451 and miRNA144 could be used to distinguish blood from non-blood. Menstrual blood or peripheral blood could be identified through miRNA214. miRNA888 and miRNA891 was highly expressed in semen. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that miRNA SYBR Green profiling may provide a feasible and effective approach to body fluid identification for forensic casework.

Technical feasibility study on the application of circRNA in body fluid identification / 中国法医学杂志

Objective Using circRNA detection technology to explore the feasibility of the application of circRNA molecules in the identification of body fluids. Methods Prepare three kinds of body fluid samples: semen, saliva and vaginal secretions. Total RNA was extracted from Qiagen RNeasy Micro kit and digested by RNase R to obtain circRNA. Reverse transcription PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis were performed to detect target products. Results CircRNA can be detected in all prepared samples. These results showed that the circRNA was widely present in common body fluids of forensic medicine, and had some application value. Conclusion The detection for circRNA can be compatible with the existing DNA detection technology, and its tissue specificity can be used as a new marker for identification of body fluid and has important research value.