Comparação da introdução das consistências na introdução da alimentação complementar entre recém-nascidos prematuros e a termo - Coorte de 0 a 12 meses / Comparison of the introduction of consistencies in complementary feeding introduction between preterm and full-term newborns - Cohort from 0 to 12 months

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar a introdução das consistências no período da alimentação complementar de recém-nascidos prematuros e recém-nascidos a termo até os 12 meses de vida, bem como avaliar a presença de disfunção motora oral e a sua relação com dificuldade na introdução das consistências alimentares nestes grupos. Método Trata-se de um estudo do tipo observacional, analítico, coorte, com coleta de dados ambispectiva, realizado na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Mafra - SC. A amostra do estudo foi constituída de 87 recém-nascidos, sendo 41 a termo e 46 prematuros. Na coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas com as mães/responsáveis. A avaliação antropométrica foi realizada por nutricionista por meio de mensuração do peso corporal, comprimento e perímetro cefálico, seguida de avaliação das habilidades motoras orais e funcionais por meio do PAD-PED adaptado, avaliação da mamada, avaliação do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, avaliação da presença de depressão materna e risco psíquico da criança, até os 12 meses de vida de idade corrigida. Resultados A disfunção motora oral foi observada em 15 recém-nascidos, em ambos os grupos, na consistência líquida na primeira avaliação, persistiu em dois casos nos recém-nascidos a termo e em três casos nos recém-nascidos pré-termo, na última avaliação para a consistência sólida. Conclusão Não foi observada diferença na introdução das consistências alimentares entre os grupos. O aleitamento materno foi mais frequente nos a termo na primeira avaliação e semelhante nas demais avaliações. Com relação aos preditivos para disfunção motora oral, a mamadeira aumentou a chance em cerca de 7 vezes e procedimentos orais invasivos cerca de 6 vezes.

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare the introduction of consistencies during the period of complementary feeding of preterm and full-term newborns up to 12 months of life, as well as to evaluate the presence of oral motor dysfunction and its relation to difficulty in introducing food consistencies in these groups. Methods This is an observational, analytical, cohort study, with ambispective data collection, carried out at the Municipal Department of Health of Mafra, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The study sample consisted of 87 newborns, 41 full-term and 46 preterm. While data was collected, interviews were held with the mothers/guardians. The anthropometric assessment was carried out by a nutritionist by measuring body weight, length, and head circumference, followed by assessment of oral and functional motor skills by the adapted Clinical Evaluation Protocol of Pediatric Dysphagia (PAD-PED), assessment of breastfeeding and neuropsychomotor development, and assessment of the presence of maternal depression and psychological risk of children with up to 12 months of corrected age. Results We verified oral motor dysfunction in 15 newborns, in both groups, in the liquid consistency in the first assessment, persisting in two cases in the full-term newborns and in three cases in the preterm infants, in the last assessment for the solid consistency. Conclusion We observed no difference in the introduction of food consistencies between groups. Breastfeeding was more frequent in newborns in the first assessment and similar in other assessments. Regarding the predictors for oral motor dysfunction, bottle feeding increased the odds by about seven times and invasive oral procedures by about six times.

Orientações da introdução alimentar em puericultura realizadas em uma unidade básica de saúde de Mossoró RN: relato de experiência / Guidelines for food introduction in child culture carried out in a basic health unit in Mossoró-RN: experience report / Directrices para la introducción de alimentos en la cultura infantil realizada en una unidad básica de salud de Mossoró-RN: relato de experiencia

Introdução:Recomendada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde após os seis meses, a alimentação complementar merece atenção especial no que tange a escolha dos alimentos, pois é quando os hábitos alimentares começam a ser formados. Uma introdução alimentar inadequada podelevar o surgimento de alergias, doenças e levar ao déficit nutricional, por isso o acompanhamento desse processo é de extrema importância para assegurar o crescimento e desenvolvimento. Ações compartilhadas com as equipes multiprofissionais de saúdedevemser realizadasna APS,por meio da puericultura, consulta infantil feita de forma periódica com intuito de promover saúde.Objetivo:relatar a experiência do profissional nutricionista nas consultas de puericultura realizadasem uma Unidade Básica de Saúde localizada na cidade de Mossoró ­Rio Grande do Norte.Metodologia:estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência. Para a coleta de dados, fez-se o uso da observação e do diário de campo através de registros realizados no acompanhamento das consultas de puericultura.Resultados:Foi observado que algumas das crianças atendidas abandonaram o aleitamento materno antes de 1 ano e 6 meses de idade e que a introdução de outros alimentos foi variável e aconteceu de acordo com a quantidade de vezes que a criança mamava, inserindo incialmente frutas e verduras. Foi relatado ainda a dificuldade quanto a quantidade e forma de preparação dos alimentos.Conclusões:receioe desinformaçãodos cuidadoresnessa etapa da vida da criança, ressaltando a importância de uma orientação bem elaborada e individualizada realizada pelos profissionais de saúde, com destaque para a nutrição (AU).

Introduction: Recommended by theWorld Health Organization after six months, complementary feeding deserves special attention in terms of food choice, as this is when eating habits begin to be formed. A follow-up food introduction can lead to allergies, illnesses and lead to nutritional deficit, so monitoring this process is extremely important to ensure growth and development. Shared actions with multidisciplinary health teams should be carried out in the PHC, through childcare, child consultation carried out on a regular basis with the aim of promoting health. Objective: to report the experience of the professional nutritionist in childcare consultations carried out in a Basic Health Unit located in the city of Mossoró -Rio Grande do Norte. Methodology: descriptive study of the experience report type. For data collection, observation and a field diary were used through records made in the follow-up of childcare consultations. Results: It was observed that some of the children assisted abandoned breastfeeding before 1 year and 6 months of age and that the introduction of other foods was variable and happened according to the number of times the child was breastfed, initially introducing fruits and vegetables . It was also reported the difficulty regarding the amount and way of preparing food. Conclusions: receiving and misinformation from caregivers at this stage of the child's life, emphasizing the importance of well-elaborated and individualized guidance provided by health professionals, with emphasis on nutrition (AU).

Introducción: Recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud a partir de los seis meses, la alimentación complementaria merece especial atención en cuanto a la elección de los alimentos, ya que es cuando se empiezan a formar los hábitos alimentarios. Una introducción de alimentos de seguimiento puede provocar alergias, enfermedades y provocar un déficit nutricional, por lo que monitorear este proceso es extremadamente importante para garantizar el crecimiento y el desarrollo. En la APS se deben realizar acciones compartidas con los equipos multidisciplinarios de salud, a través de la atención al niño, la consulta infantil realizada de manera regular con el objetivo de promover la salud. Objetivo: relatar la experiencia del profesional nutricionista en las consultas de puericultura realizadas en una Unidad Básica de Salud ubicada en la ciudad de Mossoró -Rio Grande do Norte. Metodología: estudio descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la observación y diario de campo a través de registros realizados en el seguimiento de las consultas de puericultura. Resultados: Se observó que algunos de los niños asistidos abandonaron la lactancia materna antes de1 año y 6 meses de edad y que la introducción de otros alimentos fue variable y ocurrió de acuerdo con el número de veces que el niño fue amamantado, introduciendo inicialmente frutas y verduras. También se relató la dificultad en cuanto a la cantidad y forma de preparación de los alimentos. Conclusiones: recepción y desinformación de los cuidadores en esta etapa de la vida del niño, destacando la importancia de la orientación bien elaborada e individualizada brindada por los profesionales de la salud, conénfasis en la nutrición (AU).

Safety Evaluation of FONIO (Digitaria exilis)/Ricebean (Vigna Umbellata) Based Complementary Food

This study evaluated the oligosaccharides, phytochemicals, dietary fiber, microbial count, pH and acidity of fonio (Digitaria exilis)/ricebean (Vigna umbellata) based complementary foods in order to ascertain the safety of the formulations. A 3 by 4 by 4 factorial design was used. A 70:30 (treated fonio): (72 h sprouted and dehulled ricebean) blend containing 30 % peeled dried carrot and 30 % crayfish (FNBN) was formulated. A similar blend with additional 20 % milk (FNBP), a third blend containing unsprouted and undehulled ricebean (FNBU) and a fourth containing only treated fonio and sprouted ricebean (FNBM) were also formulated. The level of stachyose and raffinose in the diets ranged from 0.21±0.00 -0.40±0.02 % and 0.05±0.00 -0.10±0.01 % respectively. The levels of stachyose and raffinose in the sprouted samples (FNBP, FNBN and FNBM) were comparable (p>0.05) and low suggesting absence of flatulence. The residual phytochemicals in the formulations ranged from 0.160±0.00-0.28±0.00 % (alkaloid), 0.17±0.02-0.35±0.01 % (flavonoid) and 0.39±0.02-0.530±0.01 % (saponin). These low values indicate absence of allergy. The dietary fiber contents of the blends were lower (p<0.05) than the recommended 5 % for complementary food indicating that the digestive system of the infants can handle it. The low bacterial load and zero fungal growth observed in the products depict high level of hygiene and sanitary quality while the near neutral pH and low acidity suggest caution during handling and feeding of the infant. These conditions favour growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Results of the study show a high measure of safety of the formulations.

Adherence to different methods for introducing complementary food to 7-month-old babies: a randomized clinical trial / Adesão a diferentes métodos de introdução da alimentação complementar aos 7 meses de vida: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract Objective: To assess the adherence to three methods of food introduction for 7-month-old babies. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial conducted with mother-infant pairs, submitted to the intervention with five and a half months of age and three different methods for food introduction according to randomization: Parent-Led Weaning (PLW), Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS), or mixed (specially developed for this study). Adherence to the method was assessed at the seventh month of age, via telephone call to the caregiver by a researcher blinded to the method. The analyses were performed using the Chi-Square test and data are presented in absolute numbers and percentages. Results: A total of 139 mother-infant pairs were evaluated; 46 of them were allocated to the PLW method; 47, to the BLISS; and 46, to the mixed. At seven months of age, 60 (43.2%) mothers reported that the infants were following the proposed feeding method. When analyzing each approach, the mixed method showed a higher likelihood of adherence (71.7%, n=33), followed by the PLW method (39.1%, n=18) and by the BLISS (19.2%, n=9) (p<0.001). Among the sample that did not follow the proposed method, those that had been randomized to the PLW and BLISS methods mostly migrated to the mixed method (92.9%; n=26 and 92.1%; n=35, respectively) (p<0.001). Conclusions: Complementary feeding in a mixed approach obtained greater adherence in 7-month-old babies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão a três métodos de introdução alimentar aos 7 meses de vida. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado com pares mães-lactentes submetidos à intervenção aos 5 meses e meio de vida sobre três diferentes métodos de introdução alimentar, conforme randomização: tradicional, Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (introdução de sólidos guiada pelo bebê, em português) ou misto (criado especialmente para este estudo). A adesão ao método foi avaliada aos 7 meses em ligação telefônica feita para o cuidador por pesquisador cego em relação ao método. As análises foram realizadas por teste do qui-quadrado e os dados apresentados em número absoluto e percentual. Resultados: Foram avaliados 139 pares mães-lactentes, 46 alocados no método tradicional, 47 no Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS e 46 no misto. Aos 7 meses, 60 (43,2%) mães relataram que seus lactentes seguiam o método alimentar proposto. Analisando-se cada abordagem, o método misto apresentou maior probabilidade de adesão (71,7%, n=33), seguido do tradicional (39,1%, n=18) e de introdução de sólidos guiada pelo bebê (19,2%, n=9) (p<0,001). Da amostra que não seguiu o método proposto, aqueles que haviam sido randomizados para os métodos tradicional e de introdução de sólidos guiada pelo bebê migraram majoritariamente para o misto (92,9%; n=26 e 92,1%; n=35, respectivamente) (p<0,001). Conclusões: A alimentação complementar em abordagem mista obteve maior adesão aos 7 meses de idade.

Microbiological and Nutritional Quality of Complementary Foods for Children (6 to 24 months) Produced in the City of Man (Côte d'Ivoire)

This study aims to determine the microbiological and nutritional quality of complementary foods for children produced in the city of Man (instant flour and porridge). To do this, a structured survey of nannies and vendors, coupled with microbiological and physicochemical analyzes was carried out. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted among nannies and porridge sellers in order to collect information on the use of complementary foods and to assess the state of cleanliness of the sales environment. A study of physicochemical (carbohydrates, lipids, humidity, ash, minerals) and microbiological (total aerobic mesophilic flora, yeasts and molds, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp. and Salmonella sp.) characteristics using standard methods and referenced was then conducted to assess the nutritional value and health status of the porridges (Millet, Kokobaka, Anagobaka) and flours from the Focolari center consumed in Man. The survey data showed that the majority of the of nannies (61.1%) give a complementary food before the age of introduction (6 months), with regard to the saleswomen (100%) unaware of the proportion of the components and their nutritional intake as well as 54.8% of them have an unhealthy work place and environment. The microbiological analysis carried out on the 50 samples revealed a potential contamination of spoilage and pathogenic germs. The contamination rate of Anagobaka porridge is very worrying unlike other porridges and flours, especially with the presence of salmonella, the high rate of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively (3.91×103 ± 0.09 and 5.34×104 ± 0.10 CFU/mL).) Regarding the nutritional analysis, there is a content of carbohydrates (70.17-85.08%), lipids (6.93-10.40%) and iron (30.64-64.34%) higher than those recommended by the FAO/WHO standard in the 6 types of samples analyzed. However, the zinc content is below this standard in all the samples tested. However, zinc deficiency is one of the main causes of stunted growth in children. All these results have shed light on the existence of a potential health risk and possible nutritional deficiencies in infants and young children who consume locally produced complementary foods.

Conhecimento dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde sobre introdução alimentar infantil / Knowledge of primary health care professionals regardingthe introduction of food in infant's diets / Conocimiento de los profesionales de la atencíon primaria de salud sobre introduccíon alimentar infantil

Introdução:A infância é um período de intenso crescimento e desenvolvimento, sendo necessário acompanhamento adequado. A partir do 6º mês de vida, inicia-se a introdução alimentar que, quando realizada corretamente, permite adequado aporte energético e denutrientes. Profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde responsáveis pelas consultas de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento devem estar preparados para orientar sobre alimentação.Objetivo:Avaliar o conhecimento sobre introdução alimentar dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde responsáveis pelas consultas de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento. Metodologia: Estudo transversal desenvolvido com profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde responsáveis pelas consultas de Crescimento e Desenvolvimento do município de Currais Novos, Rio Grande do Norte.Foi utilizado questionário semi estruturado sobre perfil sociodemográfico e profissional, conhecimento e segurança dos profissionais, conhecimento e dúvidas sobre introdução alimentar. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados:Participaram do estudo 23 profissionais:14 enfermeiros, 6 dentistas e 3 médicos. Nenhum profissional realizou curso sobre introdução alimentar e 60,9%não teve acesso ao Guia Alimentar. A maior parte se sente seguro para repassar as informações sobre introdução alimentar,mas possui dúvidas e procura estudara temática. Quanto à classificação dos conhecimentos, 52,2% (n=12) classificou-secomo "Bom";a classificação"Muito bom" foi composta predominantemente por enfermeiros (87,2%). Foram elencadas 15 dúvidas, dentre elas:quantidade (n=12) e tipos de alimentos a serem ofertados (n=6), início da oferta (n=3), uso de chás (n=2) e quantidade de água para ofertar(n=2). Conclusão:Apesar da maior parte dos profissionais possuírem "Bom" ou "Muito bom" conhecimento sobre introdução alimentar, ainda há a necessidade de aprofundamento na temática devido necessidade e relevância (AU).

Introduction:Childhood is a period of intense growth and development, requiring adequate monitoring. From the 6th month of life onwards, the moment of introduction of food begins, which, when performed correctly, allows an adequate supply of energy and nutrients. Primary Health Careprofessionals responsible for Growth and Developmentevaluations shouldbe prepared to guide onnutrition. Objective:Assessing the knowledge about introduction of food of Primary Health Careprofessionals responsible for Growth and Developmentevaluations. Methodology:Cross-sectional study, developed with Primary Health Careprofessionals responsible for Growth and Development consultations in the city of Currais Novos, Rio Grande do Norte. Semi-structured questionnaire was used about sociodemographic and professional profiles, knowledge and safety of professionals,knowledge and doubtsabout introduction of food. Data were analyzed using absolute and relative frequencies. Results:23 professionals participated in the study: 14 nurses, 6 dentists and 3 physicians. No professional took a course in the field of introduction of food, and 60.9% did not have access to the Food Guide. Most feel safeto pass on information about introduction of food, but have doubts and seek to study the subject. As for the classification of their knowledge, 52.2% (n=12) classified themselves as "Good"; the classification "Very good", in turn, was predominantly composed of nurses (87.2%). Fifteen questions were listed, including: quantity (n=12) and types of food to be offered (n=6), supply onset (n=3), use of teas (n=2) and amount of water to offer (n=2). Conclusion:Although most professionals have "Good" or "Very good" knowledge about introduction of food, there is still a need to further study the theme due to bothits need and relevance (AU).

Introducción: La infancia es un período de intenso crecimiento y desarrollo, que requiere un seguimiento adecuado. A partir del 6º mes de vida se iniciala introducción alimentariaque, cuando realizadacorrectamente, permite un adecuado aporte energético y de nutrientes. Los profesionales de Atención Primaria de Saludresponsables de las consultas de Crecimiento y Desarrollodebenestar preparados para realizar orientar sobre alimentación. Objetivo:Evaluar el conocimiento sobreintroducción alimentariadelos profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Saludresponsables de las consultas del Crecimiento y Desarrollo. Metodología:Estudio transversal desarrollado con profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Saludresponsables porlas consultas de Crecimiento y Desarrollodel municipio de Currais Novos, Rio Grande do Norte.Se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado sobre perfil sociodemográfico profesional, conocimientos y seguridad de los profesionales, conocimientos y dudas sobre introducción alimentaria.Los datos se analizaron utilizando frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados:Participaron del estudio 23 profesionales: 14 enfermeros, 6 odontólogos y 3 médicos. Ningún profesional realizó un curso de introducción alimentariay el 60,9% no tuvo acceso a la Guía Alimentaria. La mayoría se siente segura para transmitir información sobre introducción alimentaria, pero tiene dudas ybusca estudiar el tema. En cuanto a la clasificación del conocimiento, el 52,2% (n=12) fue clasificado como "Bueno"; la clasificación "Muy bueno" estuvo compuesta predominantemente por enfermeros (87,2%). Se enumeraron 15 preguntas, entre ellas: cantidad (n-12) y tipos de alimentos a ofrecer (n=6), inicio de oferta(n-3), uso de tés (n=2) y cantidad de agua a ofrecer (n=2). Conclusión:Aunque la mayoría de los profesionales tiene "Bueno" o "Muy bueno" conocimiento sobreintroducción alimentaria, aúnexiste la necesidad de profundizarseen el tema debido a la necesidad y relevancia (AU).

Os dentistas estão preparados para a promoção da amamentação e alimentação complementar saudável? / Are dentists prepared to promote breastfeeding and healthy complementary food?

Resumo O aleitamento materno (AM) e a introdução adequada da alimentação complementar (AC) são estratégias que comprovadamente melhoram a saúde bucal e previnem doenças. Por isso, atividades de promoção dessas práticas devem ser realizadas por todos os profissionais de saúde. Buscou-se, através da metodologia quantitativa, analisar o resultado de um inquérito realizado com dentistas cadastrados no Conselho Regional de Odontologia de São Paulo sobre sua formação acadêmica e profissional nestes temas. Os conteúdos mais recebidos na graduação foram sobre os benefícios do AM para a prevenção da saúde geral (74,6%). Entre os profissionais que receberam capacitação em serviço, foram 27,8% (AM) e 21,5% (AC), sendo que mais de 80% conseguiram aplicar o conhecimento no dia a dia. Quando solicitados a dar orientação sobre AM, apenas 15% responderam se sentir preparados. Sobre se consideram ser atribuição do dentista o apoio ao AM e AC, 92,3% responderam que sim e 85% reconhecem precisar de atualização. Conclui-se que há uma lacuna a ser preenchida com a formação acadêmica e capacitações/atualizações para que o dentista possa efetivamente atuar na promoção e apoio ao AM e AC.

Abstract Breastfeeding (BF) and the adequate introduction of complementary feeding (CF) are strategies that have been shown to improve oral health and prevent diseases. Therefore, activities to promote these practices must be carried out by all health professionals. This article addresses the opinion of the dentist about his or her education, knowledge and role in supporting and encouraging BF and CF. It was sought, through quantitative methodology, to analyze the result of a survey carried out with dentists registered with the Regional Dentistry Council of São Paulo about their academic and professional training in these themes. The major academic contents received at college were about the benefits of breastfeeding for the prevention of general health (74.6%). Among the professionals, 27.8% of them received in-service training on BF and 21.5% on CF, with more than 80% being able to apply their knowledge on a daily basis. When asked about providing guidance on BF, only 15% responded feeling prepared to do so. Regarding whether they consider it to be the dentist's responsibility to support BF and BF, 92.3% answered yes and 85% said they needed updating. It is concluded that there is a gap to be filled with academic training and training / updates so that the dentist can effectively act in the promotion and support of BF and CF.

Elaboração e avaliação da adequação nutricional de papas principais de misturas múltiplas preparadas com alimentos regionais / Elaboration and assessment of the nutritional suitability of multiple-mixture main porridge prepared with regional foods

Introdução: A introdução alimentar deve ser iniciada a partir do sexto mês de vida, como complemento ao leite materno, priorizando a escolha de alimentos regionais. Na abordagem tradicional, recomenda-se que os alimentos sejam ofertados em variedades e em consistência de purês e papas, as quais devem ser aumentadas gradualmente. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar papas principais de misturas múltiplas (PPMM) com alimentos regionais direcionadas a crianças na introdução alimentar e comparar sua adequação com as recomendações saudáveis de ingestão de grupos alimentares e nutrientes. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza experimental, quantitativa e descritiva, na qual foram elaboradas três diferentes formulações - à base de frango, à base de peixe, e à base de carne - com foco no público infantil na faixa etária de 6-8 meses de vida, que foram acondicionadas em recipientes, semelhantes aos produtos comerciais. Calculou-se o valor nutricional utilizando o Guia Alimentar para Crianças Menores de Dois Anos, e alternativamente, usando a Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TACO), com base nas recomendações de ingestão de nutrientes da National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos após análise pelo Guia, em kcal/porção, foram 129,94 (Carne), 148,85 (Frango) e 134,00 (Peixe); já os valores de densidade energética encontrados pela TACO, em kcal/g, foram 1,72 (carne); 4,01 (frango) e 2,06 (peixe). Cada recipiente (110 g) comportou menos de uma porção de PPMM, com exceção da preparação contendo frango. Conclusão: As preparações elaboradas encontraram-se nutricionalmente adequadas por ambos os métodos avaliados e contiveram todos os grupos alimentares recomendados.

Introduction: Food should be introduced starting from the 6th month of life as a complement to breast milk, prioritizing the choice of regional foods. In the traditional approach, it is recommended that foods be offered in varieties and consistency of purees and porridge, which should be gradually increased. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop multiple-mixture main porridges (MMMP) with regional foods being targeted at children for food introduction and to compare their suitability with healthy recommendations for the intake of food groups and nutrients. Methods: This is an experimental, quantitative and descriptive study in which three different formulations were developed: chicken-based, fish-based, and meat-based, with a focus on children aged 6-8 months of life. The MMMPs were packed in jars similar to commercial products. Nutritional value was calculated using the Food Guide for Children Under Two Years (Guia Alimentar para Crianças Menores de Dois Anos), and alternatively using the Brazilian Table of Food Composition (Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos - TACO), based on the nutrient intake recommendations of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Results: The results obtained after analysis by the guide in kcal/portion were: 129.94 (beef), 148.85 (chicken), and 134.00 (fish). The energy density values found by TACO in kcal/g were: 1.72 (beef), 4.01 (chicken), and 2.06 (fish). Each jar (110 g) contained less than one portion of MMMP, with the exception of the preparation containing chicken. Conclusion: The preparations were found to be nutritionally adequate by both evaluated methods and contained all the recommended food groups.

Amamentação, alimentação complementar e segurança alimentar e nutricional em uma região de fronteira / La lactancia materna, la alimentación complementaria y la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en una región fronteriza / Breastfeeding, suplementary feeding and food and nutrition security in a border

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer como a amamentação e alimentação complementar se relacionam à segurança alimentar e nutricional de crianças residentes em uma região de fronteira. Método: pesquisa qualitativa com 12 mães e 12 profissionais de saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Os dados foram coletados entre abril e outubro de 2019, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à Análise Temática de Conteúdo. Resultados: foram identificadas três categorias: Aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar: direito da criança ao alimento seguro e adequado; Aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar: da orientação ao consumo; Amamentação, alimentação complementar e o contexto da Tríplice Fronteira. Conclusão: o leite materno e a alimentação complementar saudável contemplam a segurança alimentar e nutricional. Cultura, condição financeira, trabalho materno, somados à oferta de alimentos inadequados, comprometem esse processo. Acredita-se que esse estudo possa fomentar ações e políticas públicas voltadas ao direito à alimentação infantil na região.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer como la lactancia materna y alimentación complementaria se relacionan a seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de niños que residen en una región fronteriza. Método: investigación cualitativa con 12 madres y 12 profesionales de la salud de Foz do Iguaçu, en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Los datos se recopilaron entre abril y octubre de 2019, mediante una entrevista semiestructurada y presentados para el Análisis Temática de Contenido. Resultados: se identificaron tres categorías: Lactancia materna y alimentación complementaria: el derecho del niño a una alimentación segura y apropiada; Lactancia materna y alimentación complementaria: de la orientación al consumo; Lactancia materna, alimentación complementaria y el contexto de la Triple Frontera. Consideraciones finales: la leche materna y la alimentación complementaria saludable abarcan la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional. La cultura, la condición financiera, el trabajo materno, sumados al suministro de alimentos inadecuados, comprometen este proceso. Se cree que este estudio pueda fomentar acciones y políticas públicas orientadas al derecho a la alimentación infantil en la región.

ABSTRACT Objective: to know how breastfeeding and complementary feeding relate to the food and nutritional security of children living in a border region. Method: qualitative research with 12 mothers and 12 health professionals from Foz do Iguaçu, in the context of Primary Health Care. The data were collected between April and October 2019, through a semi-structured interview and submitted to Thematic Content Analysis. Results: Three categories were identified: Breastfeeding and complementary feeding: the child's right to safe and adequate food; Breastfeeding and complementary feeding: from orientation to consumption; Breastfeeding, complementary feeding and the Triple Border context. Conclusion: maternal milk and healthy complementary feeding contemplate food and nutritional security. Culture, financial condition, maternal work, added to the supply of inadequate food, compromise this process. It is believed that this study can foster actions and public policies aimed at the right to infant food in the region.

Introdução de frutas e verduras na alimentação complementar de lactentes em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais / Introduction of fruits and vegetables in the complementary feeding of infants in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais

Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a introdução de frutas e verduras na alimentação complementar de lactentes. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, realizado em 2015, envolvendo crianças com idade entre 0 a 24 meses de idade, que frequentam a Estratégia da Saúde da Família de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Avaliaram-se as características sociodemográficas e o consumo alimentar de frutas e verduras entre as crianças. Foi aplicado o questionário de frequência de consumo alimentar onde se perguntava em que idade se deu início a ingestão de frutas e verduras, além de aplicar também o recordatório alimentar para avaliar a presença ou ausência do consumo desses alimentos no dia anterior. Participaram deste estudo 545 crianças, sendo 53,9% do sexo masculino. Quanto à introdução de frutas e verduras, observou-se que 52,0% e 24,0% consumiram antes dos seis meses de idade, respectivamente. Neste estudo foi alta a prevalência da introdução precoce de frutas e verduras entre as crianças(AU)

This work aimed to evaluate the introduction of fruits and vegetables in the complementary feeding of infants. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2015, involving children aged 0 to 24 months, who attend the Family Health Strategy of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Sociodemographic characteristics and food consumption of fruits and vegetables among children were evaluated. The food consumption frequency questionnaire was applied, asking at what age fruit and vegetable intake started, in addition to applying the food record to assess the presence or absence of consumption of these foods on the previous day. 545 children participated in this study, being 53.9% male. As for the introduction of fruits and vegetables, it was observed that 52.0% and 24.0% consumed before the age of six months, respectively. In this study, the prevalence of early introduction of fruits and vegetables was high among children(AU)

Charcterization of feeding of children under 24 months in units cared by the family health strategy / Caracterização da alimentação de crianças menores de 24 meses em unidades da estratégia saúde da família

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the median age of introduction and regular food intake by young children in units of the Family Health Strategy. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 283 young children chosen by uniform stratified cluster sampling. Socio-demographic data on the mother and the child's food intake were collected (age of food introduction and weekly frequency). Foods were grouped into in natura/minimally processed (G1); culinary ingredients (G2); processed (G3) and ultra-processed (G4). The survival analysis was applied to define the median age of food introduction and the chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of food intake, according to the age range (0-5.9; 6-11.9; and 12-23.9 months old). Results: The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding were three and 19 months, respectively. The age of median food introduction of G1 was six months, except for eggs, milk and coffee (12 months). For oil and salt (G2), the median was 6 months, and for sugar (G2), seven months. The median age of introduction of most food of G4 was 12 months; for infant formulas, it was seven months; cookies and baby food, eight months. Most food had not yet been introduced for children under six months old. For children from six to 11.9 months old, the regular consumption of G4 (≥5 days/week) was higher for cookies (23.8%), bread (21.2%), infant formulas (21.2%) and baby food (35%); and for children from 12 to 23.9 months old, it was higher for cookies (31.2%), bread (57.5%) and baby food (48.7%). Conclusions: Food introduced and consumed on a regular basis was mainly in natura, at all ages. Processed and ultra-processed food presented a higher frequency of consumption after 12 months old.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a idade mediana de introdução e consumo regular de alimentos por crianças menores de 24 meses em unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 283 crianças selecionadas por amostragem por conglomerado estratificada uniforme. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos da mãe e do consumo alimentar da criança (idade de introdução e frequência semanal). Os alimentos foram agrupados em: in natura/minimamente processados (G1); ingredientes culinários (G2); processados (G3) e ultraprocessados (G4). Utilizou-se análise de sobrevida para definição da idade mediana de introdução dos alimentos e teste do qui-quadrado para comparação da frequência de consumo segundo a faixa etária (0 a 5,9; 6 a 11,9; e 12 a 23,9 meses). Resultados: A duração mediana do aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de três meses e do aleitamento materno, de 19 meses. A mediana de introdução dos alimentos do G1 foi de seis meses, exceto para ovo, leite e café (12 meses). Para óleo e sal (G2), a mediana foi de 6 meses e para o açúcar (G2), de sete meses. A mediana da maioria dos alimentos do G4 foi de 12 meses, para fórmulas foi de sete meses, biscoitos e alimentos infantis, oito meses. A maioria dos alimentos ainda não tinha sido introduzida para crianças menores de seis meses. Para crianças de seis a 11,9 meses, o consumo regular (≥5 dias/semana) de G4 foi superior para biscoitos (23,8%), pão (21,2%), fórmulas (21,2%) e alimentos infantis (35,0%); e para crianças de 12 a 23,9 meses foi para biscoitos (31,2%), pão (57,5%) e alimentos infantis (48,7%). Conclusões: Os alimentos introduzidos e consumidos regularmente foram principalmente alimentos in natura, em todas as idades. Alimentos processados e ultraprocessados apresentaram maior frequência de consumo após os 12 meses.

The Concept Of Stanya Apanayana (weaning)

The gradual replacement of breast milk and supplement of nutrients that is complimentary food is weaning. In Ayurveda it was explained under Stanya Apanayana concept. The World Health Organization defines complementary food as any food whether manufactured or locally prepared, suitable as a complement to breast milk or to infant formula, when either of them become insufficient to satisfy then nutritional requirements of the infant. Such food is also commonly called complimentary food. Breast feeding alone is sufficient for first six months of life, thereafter complementary foods are essential in order to maintain an adequate growth and development of the infant. The process of weaning and time period of weaning, role of weaning in growth and development of infant is explained in detail by Ayurvedic scholars as a concept of Stanya Apanayana. As per Ayurveda, stanya Apanayana is the process through which infant gradually changes from dependency of breast milk or formula to independence of it and starting solid foods. Supplementary feed of fruits is first described by Kashyapa at 6th month of life. No other author has described Phalaprasa. First cereal feed described in 6th month of age by Sushrutha and Vagbhbata. Cereal feed is prescribed at 10th month by Kashyapa -Dantha jatha i.e., after teeth eruption. Vagbhata accepted this opinion of Annaprasana after eruption of teeth but during 6th month of age. The cereals form the important part of diet in India. They form an important source of energy, carbohydrates, proteins, iron and also supply certain amount of fat. Hence the preparation with Shashtika Shali (a variety of rice which is harvested in 60 days) and other Dravyas such as Godhuma (wheat), Yava (barley) are best as complimentary food (along breast milk) explained in Kashyapa Samhitha.

Developing and validating an educational brochure to promote breastfeeding and the infant's complementary food / Construção e validação de folheto educativo para promoção do aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar do lactente

Abstract Objectives: to describe the stages of developing and validating two educational brochures to promote breastfeeding and the infant's complementary food. Methods: an observational descriptive study was performed with eight health professionals and 60 caregiver of children under two years old divided into two groups of 30 (one for each brochure) in a Pediatric Outpatient Clinic at a Maternal and Child Reference Hospital. The research was developed in four stages: bibliographical survey, development of the brochures, validation by specialists and target audience and adequacy of the materials. The validation method used was the Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (Content Validity Index) calculation. Results: two nutritional orientation brochures for infants were developed. Experts validated the breastfeeding brochure on its relevance and the brochure on complementary food regarding its relevance and goal. The other items were validated after suggested modifications. In relation to the target audience, the concordance index found in brochures 1 and 2 was higher than 75%. The Índice de Validade de Conteúdo Global (Global Content Validity Index) of the materials was greater than 0.78. Conclusions: regarding its appearance and content after the adjustments, the brochures were considered valid by the experts and the representatives of the target audience.

Resumo Objetivos: descrever as etapas de construção e validação de dois folhetos educativos para promoção do aleitamento materno e alimentação complementar do lactente. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo com oito profissionais de saúde e 60 cuidadores de crianças menores de dois anos divididos em dois grupos de 30 (um para cada folheto) em um Ambulatório de Pediatria de um Hospital de Referência Materno-Infantil. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas: levantamento bibliográfico, construção dos folhetos, validação pelos especialistas e público-alvo e adequação dos materiais. O método de validação utilizado foi o cálculo do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: foram elaborados dois folhetos de orientação nutricional para lactentes. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo obtido pelos especialistas validou o folheto sobre aleitamento materno quanto à relevância e o folheto sobre alimentação complementar quanto à relevância e objetivo. Os outros itens receberam validação, após modificações sugeridas. Em relação ao público-alvo, o índice de concordância encontrado do folheto 1 e 2 foi superior a 75%. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo Global dos materiais foi superior a 0,78. Conclusões: os folhetos foram considerados validados quanto à aparência e conteúdo pelos especialistas e representantes do público-alvo, após a adequação dos materiais.

Effects of micronutrient powder and complementary food blend on growth and micronutrient status of Filipino rural children: a randomised controlled trial

@#Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of micronutrient powders (MNP) containing 15 versus nine nutrients, with or without complementary food blend (BigMo), on the nutritional status of rural young children in the Philippines. Methods: The study was conducted for 6 months among 126 rural children aged 6-17 months in four villages selected by cluster randomisation. Children were randomised into four groups: VitaMix with 15 micronutrients plus Bigas Mongo (BigMo) (n=31); VitaMix without BigMo (n=31); Micronutrient Growth Mix (MGM) with nine micronutrients plus BigMo (n=29); and MGM without BigMo (n=31). Blood samples were collected at baseline and endline to determine haemoglobin, ferritin, retinol, and zinc concentrations. Intervention compliance, weight, length, and dietary intakes were collected every month. One-way ANOVA was used to compare changes in the mean estimates across groups. McNemar and Pearson’s x2 tests were used to compare changes in the proportion estimates within groups and across groups, respectively. Results: Both VitaMix and MGM with or without BigMo improved haemoglobin concentrations and reduced anaemia (Hb<11g/dL). However, only VitaMix and MGM combined with BigMo had effects in reducing moderate anaemia (Hb<10g/dL), compared to groups without BigMo. Only MGM+BigMo group demonstrated significant reduction in the prevalence of moderate non-iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) (Hb<10g/dL and ferritin>12ug/L). A significant increase in the length-for-age z-scores was noted in the MGM with and without BigMo groups. Conclusion: Daily supplementation of MGM with nine micronutrients combined with complementary food blend may have a greater potential than MNP with 15 micronutrients in improving the nutritional status of young children.

Profile of complementary food consumption during the first year of life based on Indonesia Individual Food Consumption Survey 2014

Introduction: In Indonesia, though the recommendation to start complementary foods (CF) is at six months, mothers do not comply with this recommendation. Methods: Data from Indonesia Individual Food Consumption Survey (IFCS) 2014 of 1,514 infants aged 0-11 months was used for this study. The profiles of CF consumption during the first year of life, including frequency of consumption, types of CF, timely introduction and nutritional contents of CF were determined. Mothers were interviewed at home to determine infant intake using 24-hour dietary recall. The IFCS classified CF as home-made or manufactured. Nutrient contents were calculated using several sources. Nutrient intakes from CF for 6-11 months were compared with WHO (2001) and Dewey (2001) recommendations. Results: There were 19.2% early and 3.2% late introduction of CF. Homemade complementary foods were widely consumed. Frequency of consumption of CF among 82.7% of infants aged 6-8 month was 2-3 times per day. Intake of fat, iron, zinc and calcium from CF were inadequate in 75.5%, 86.6%, 72.9% and 60.3% respectively among infants aged 6-8 months. Inadequate intake of fat, protein, iron, zinc and calcium were also found among infants aged 9-11 months. Inadequate intake of vitamin D was also found in 89.5% and 88.7% of infants in each age group. Excessive sodium intake was found in 37.2% and 49.3% of infants in each age groups. Conclusion: While untimely complementary feeding introduction was found, greater concern was for inadequate intake of several key nutrients and excess intake of sodium among Indoensian infants. Complementary feeding education is recommended.

Study on the nutrition status of 6 to 24 months old infants in poverty areas / 中国食品卫生杂志

Objective Discuss the studies of infant nutrition problems of 6 to 24 months old infants in poverty areas and make reasonable suggestions.Methods Collect research reports about child malnutrition at home and abroad,and analyze the monitoring data of nutrition improvement program for children in poor areas carried out by Natiend Institate for Nutrition and Health for of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Discuss the nutritional status and related risks of infants aged 6-24 months in poor areas.Results The nutritional problems of rural children in poor areas were prominent.The growth retardation rate of infants aged 6-24 months was 7.6％.Anemia,overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prominent.Conclusion The nutrition status of 6-24 month old infants in poor areas in China should be paid attention.

Knowledge and Use of Complementary Food Fortification with Multiple Micronutrient Powders in Selected Communities in the Philippines

Introduction: Micronutrient malnutrition among young Filipino children is attributed to inadequate food intake and improper feeding practices. To improve nutrient intake, home fortification using multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) targeting 6 -23 monthold children became an intervention program referred to as Point of Use Complementary Food Fortification with Multiple Micronutrient Powders in Zamboanga City and the Municipality of Aurora in Region IX, Philippines. This study aimed to determine the extent of knowledge and use of complementary food with MNPs in the context of the said intervention program and implementation areas. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 120 randomly selected primary caregivers with 6 -23-month-old children in the covered program areas. A questionnaire designed to elicit knowledge and use of MNPs was developed and pre-tested before data collection. Results: Results showed that all respondents were aware of MNPs, with local health workers as the information source. Percentage of respondents with knowledge of the purpose of MNPs varied widely. Among those who did, the most well-known function was improving children’s health status. The most common practice of fortifying food with MNP involved adding it to boiled rice and vegetable dishes. Home fortification is popularly practised after cooking the food. Of the 20% respondents who claimed to observe changes in their children due to MNP, the top two positive results were children’s increased appetite and increased growth. Conclusion: Awareness of the MNP does not necessarily translate into knowledge of what the MNP is made up of or its purpose. Although home food fortification using MNP was practised by most households, this study revealed deviations from recommendations on how to properly fortify their foods using the MNPs. Based on the findings in this study, there is a need to complement awareness of the primary caregivers with knowledge on MNPs through counselling and initiating support groups among caregivers to serve as credible and first hand examples of the proper use of MNPs.

Frequência do consumo de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados em lactentes / Frequency of consumption of in natura or minimally processed foods in infants

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados na dieta de crianças de 0 a 24 meses, que estejam em alimentação complementar. Tratando-se de um estudo transversal realizado durante o período de maio a julho de 2016, com os responsáveis por lactentes de 0 a 24 meses, frequentadores de 5 UAPS das regiões central e oeste do município de Juiz de Fora- MG. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos e dados referente ao consumo alimentar, através de um questionário semiestruturado de frequência alimentar que contemplava questões sobre o consumo de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados usualmente ingeridos pelo público alvo. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS 19.0 para proceder as análises estatísticas. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. A amostra foi constituída por 112 indivíduos, cuja mediana de idade era de 13 (1-24) meses, desses, 50% eram do sexo feminino. As famílias apresentaram renda mediana de 2 (1-5) salários mínimos. Foi constatado que 42% e 20% dos lactentes não consomem carnes e verduras diariamente. As crianças que não consomem verduras diariamente, apresentaram mediana de idade maior do que aquelas que consomem diariamente. Também foi encontrado uma variação do consumo de acordo com a renda familiar, e as crianças que consomem frutas, legumes e verduras diariamente, apresentam mediana de renda maior do que aquelas que não consomem tais alimentos diariamente. Os resultados encontrados reforçam a necessidade de ações efetivas para estimular o consumo de alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados, entre os lactentes.

The objective was to evaluate the consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods in the diet of children from 0 to 24 months, who are in complementary feeding. This was a cross-sectional study carried out between May and July 2016, with those responsible for infants between 0 and 24 months, attending 5 UAPS in the central and western regions of the municipality of Juiz de Fora- MG. Socioeconomic data and food consumption data were collected through a semi-structured food frequency questionnaire that included questions about the consumption of fresh or processed foods usually consumed by the target population. The SPSS 19.0 program was used to carry out the statistical analyzes. The level of significance was 5%. The sample consisted of 112 individuals, whose median age was 13 (1-24) months, of which, 50% were female. The families had a median income of 2 (1-5) minimum wages. It was found that 42% and 20% of infants do not consume meats and vegetables daily. Children who do not consume vegetables on a daily basis have a median age greater than those who consume daily. A variation of consumption according to family income was also found, and children who consume fruits and vegetables daily have a median income higher than those who do not consume such foods on a daily basis. The results found reinforce the need for effective actions to stimulate the consumption of in natura or minimally processed foods among infants.

Amamentação e desmame precoce em lactantes de Curitiba / Breastfeeding and early weaning in lactating from the city of Curitiba

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os fatores que levam ao desmame precoce em uma unidade de saúde localizada no município de Curitiba. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório com análise quantitativa das variáveis. A coleta de dados ocorreu em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde na cidade de Curitiba, estado do Paraná. Foram abordadas por conveniência mães que foram convidadas a responder um questionário estruturado constituído por 15 perguntas. Foram considerados critérios de inclusão: ter tido bebê nos últimos doze meses e ser vinculada à Unidade Básica de Saúde selecionada. Considerou se ainda a participação de mães menores de 18 anos. Sobre os motivos que levaram ao desmame precoce mais de um motivo foi assinalado. Entre eles 18,33% se devem ao pouco leite, 18,33% retorno ao trabalho respectivamente, 10% referiu que o leite secou e 6,67% devido ao cansaço. Observou-seque a maioria das mães realizou o desmame precoce motivadas pelo retorno ao trabalho (18,33%) e por considerar que tinham pouco leite (18,33%). A análise de associação entre as variáveis estudadas e o tempo de amamentação praticado pelas mães (desfecho) indicou que mães com Ensino Médio Incompleto tem 2,4588 vezes mais chances de parar de amamentar antes dos seis meses do que as mães com Ensino Médio Completo (OR = 2,4588, IC de 1,1545 a 52366). Um aspecto positivo foi que a grande maioria considera o ato de amamentar como fator de vínculo com a criança e que deve ser mantido. Relativo aos alimentos complementares, o leite de vaca em pó foi o mais usado de forma precoce.

This study aimed to identify the factors that lead to early weaning in a Basic Health Unit in the city ofCuritiba, Brazil. This was an exploratory descriptive study with qualitative and quantitative analysis of the variables. Data collection occurred in a Basic Health Unit located in Curitiba, state of Paraná. The studyrandomly approached 120 mothers who were invited to answer a structured questionnaire consisting of 15 questions. The inclusion criteria considered were: having had a baby in the last twelve months andbe linked to the Basic Health Unit selected. The participation of mothers under 18 years old was also considered. Regarding the reasons that led to early weaning, more than one reason was marked. Amongthem, 18.33% are due to insufficient milk, 18.33% because of return to work, 10% said that the milkdried, and 6.67% due to fatigue. It was observed that most mothers held early weaning motivated bythe return to work (18.33%) and because they considered they had little milk (18.33%). The association analysis between the studied variables and breastfeeding duration practiced by mothers (outcome)indicated that mothers with incomplete high school level are 2.4588 times more likely to stop breastfeeding before six months than mothers with Complete High School level (OR = 2.4588, CI from 1.1545to 5.2366). A positive factor was that most mothers consider the act of breastfeeding as a factor of bonding with the child and should be maintained. Regarding complementary food, powdered cow's milk was the most used at an earlier stage.

Aceptabilidad y uso en el hogar de un alimento complementario listo para consumir en el área rural de Guatemala / Acceptability and use at home of ready to use complementary food in families of rural Guatemala

Con el objetivo de apoyar el plan del Gobierno de Guatemala para reducir las tasas de desnutrición crónica, el Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP) desarrolló un Alimento Complementario Listo para Consumir (ACLC), el cual está hecho con una base de pasta de maní, leche y micronutrientes para aportar un rango entre el 50 y el 60% de las recomendaciones diarias en micronutrientes, según el INCAP para niños de 6-24 meses de edad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la aceptabilidad y uso del ACLC en niños de 6 a 24 meses de edad (estratificados en grupos de 6-12, 13-18 y >18 meses de edad) y sus madres, en una comunidad rural maya q'eqchi' con alta vulnerabilidad a la desnutrición crónica infantil, ubicada al norte de Guatemala. 46 fueron evaluadas por medio de pruebas sensoriales y grupos focales. 43 niños fueron evaluados a través del consumo del alimento, durante un período de ocho semanas. La aceptabilidad global del alimento por parte de la madre ("le gusta") fue de un 89.8%. La aceptabilidad en 43 niños, evaluada en la séptima semana de intervención (S7), mostró una mediana de consumo de 31.9 + 1.7 g por día (93.8% del producto disponible, cuyo peso promedio fue de 34.0 g por paquete), lo cual fue comparable en los tres grupos etarios estudiados. En conclusión, el ACLC tuvo una aceptabilidad y uso adecuados en la población estudiada, lo que respalda continuar el desarrollo y uso de esta formulación, como una alternativa en la implementación de programas preventivos de la desnutrición crónica infantil en Guatemala

To support national government plan to reduce infant chronic malnutrition rates in Guatemala, (Spanish acronym of: Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama) INCAP developed a formula called Complementary Food Ready for Consumption (Spanish acronym: ACLC). It is made of peanut paste, milk and micronutrients. This formula covers around 50 to 60% of daily micronutrients recommendations (INCAP 2012) for 6-24 months' infants. The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability and use of ACLC (Maní+) in mothers and infants between 6-24 months (stratified in groups of 6-12, 13-18 y >18 months of age), in a Q'eqchi´ Mayan rural community located in the north of Guatemala, which has a high chronic child malnutrition rate. Forty six mothers were evaluated through sensory tests and focus groups. Furthermore, forty three infants were evaluated through the formula consumption during a period of eight weeks. Food Global acceptability from mothers (they like it) was 89.8 %. Acceptability in forty-three infants was assessed after seven weeks of intervention. It showed a food consumption of 31.9 +1.7 g per day (93.8% of available product, which average weight was 34.0 g per sachet), which was compared among three age range. Therefore this study showed that ACLC had a good acceptability and appropriate use in the study population. This study bears to continue the use and development of this formula, as an option for preventive programs implementation of infant chronic malnutrition in Guatemala.