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@#Objective （ ） To explore the feasibility of using generalized estimating equation GEE to analyze the influencing - （ ） factors of high frequency hearing loss HFHL among noise exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing enterprise. Methods - The noise exposed workers in an air conditioner manufacturing industry who had been tested for pure tone hearing threshold twice or more from 2015 to 2019 were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. Data ， ， ， ， ， （ ） such as age length of service gender smoking alcohol consumption body mass index BMI and HFHL were collected. The Results influencing factors of HFHL were analyzed using the GEE. The detection rates of HFHL from 2015 to 2019 were ， ， ， ， ， 22.2% 23.8% 24.2% 24.1% and 20.9% respectively. Among them the detection rate of HFHL in 2019 was lower than that （ P ） ， ， in 2017 and 2018 all <0.001 . The GEE analysis results showed that the risks of HFHL in 2015 2016 2017 and 2018 were （ P ）， higher than that in 2019 all <0.01 regardless of interaction effects and after adjusting for confounding factors such as ， ［OR（ CI）］ （ - duration of noise exposure smoking and BMI. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals 95% were 1.19 1.07 ）， （ - ）， （ - ） （ - ）， 1.33 1.26 1.13 1.39 1.30 1.18 1.43 and 1.27 1.15 1.39 respectively. The risk of HFHL was higher in males than in （P ）， OR（ CI） （ - ） ， （P ）， OR females <0.01 and 95% was 3.78 3.00 4.77 . The older the age the higher the risk of HFHL <0.01 and （ CI） （ - ） Conclusion - 95% was 1.07 1.05 1.09 . The influencing factors of HFHL among noise exposed workers in the air conditioner industry are age and gender. GEE can be used to analyze the factors influencing the longitudinal data of HFHL in workers with noise exposure.
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Stability of mandibular dentures in highly resorbed ridges is a great challenge and one of the deciding factors in the failure or success of the complete denture. The neutral zone technique is an alternative approach for the construction of complete dentures with such kind of challenges. The objective of this research was to study the accuracy of reproducibility of Neutral Zone by two commonly available dental materials, tissue conditioner and zinc oxide eugenol paste.METHODSViscogel tissue conditioner and zinc oxide eugenol paste are easy flowing recording materials and can be recorded by using support. Hence to study the accuracy of the reproducibility of the neutral zone, specially designed acrylic rims with occlusal stops were used which supported the recording materials adequately in the posterior region of the inter ridge space. Swallowing method was used to record the neutral zone, five times by each material. Bucco-lingual dimension of the neutral zone was recorded at predetermined reference points for all individuals with the help of a micrometer. 40 patients were selected with Class 1 jaw relations.RESULTSIn this in vivo study done in selected 40 patients, selection done according to selection criteria to compare the accuracy of reproducibility of Neutral Zone by tissue conditioner [Dentsply, Visco-gel, Temporary Soft Denture Liner]and zinc oxide eugenol impression paste [DPI Impression Paste R]. Neutral zone were recorded in all the cases with both materials and data recorded to create the results. By summarizing the results as width (in mm.) of the neutral zone at point 1, 2, 3, and 4 for tissue conditioner [Dentsply, Visco-gel, and Temporary Soft Denture Liner] were 10.36, 10.06, 10.51 and 10.21 respectively. For zinc oxide eugenol impression paste [DPI Impression Paste R] at point 1, 2, 3, and 4 width was 10.95, 10.44, 11.16 and 10.67 respectively. Calculated Coefficient of Variance value with Viscogel tissue conditioner is 0.70 % and with zinc oxide eugenol paste 1.04 %.CONCLUSIONWith these results and statistical analysis, with 5% of level of significance (as alpha = 0.05) i.e. 95% confident, we found enough evidence to conclude that usage of Viscogel tissue conditioner is more effective and accurate than zinc oxide eugenol impression paste in neutral zone technique.
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Background: Air conditioners are used extensively these days of the modern lifestyle. Inhalation of cold dry air while using Air conditioners causes bronchoconstriction due to which alteration may occur in pulmonary function. This study was aimed to compare the Pulmonary Function tests of Car AC users and non AC users. Methods: The Study included 52 employees not exposed to car air conditioner as a control (group I) and 52 employees exposed to car air conditioner with minimum exposure of 1 hour per day for 6 months as a subject (group II). Pulmonary function tests were performed using computerised spirometer. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired t test.Results: Age, Height and weight are not statistically significant between study group and control group. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Ratio of Forced vital capacity and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, Inspiratory reserve volume, Expiratory reserve volume, Maximum voluntary ventilation are decreased in car air conditioner users compared to non-users, but was not significant. Forced expiratory flow (FEF), Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) values shows statistically significant decreased in car air conditioner users.Conclusions: The present study shows hyper-responsive airways on exposure to cold air which leads to bronchoconstriction. The significant decrease in PEFR, FEF suggest that upper airways as well as smaller airways are affected on exposure to car AC. So, Exposure to car Air Conditioner leads to risk of developing respiratory dysfunction.
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The objective of this study was to characterize the displacement patterns of Nellore cattle in areas of crop livestock and crop livestock forest integration systems with density of 196 and 448 eucalyptus ha-1. Paddock maps were drawn from satellite images of the experimental area. In each evaluated system there was one trained observer, that on the paddock map recorded the place the animals stayed every 10 minutes. The exploration of the area by the animals was observed for 12 hours, starting at 6 a.m. and ending at 6 p.m. The displacement of the animals in the ILP system during the evaluation was bigger than the ILPFs systems, resulting in greater exploration of the area, this fact was due the presence of trees that, for the animals resembled fences, limiting the exploration of the paddock in ILPFs. In the ILPF with higher density of trees, this behavior was more evident. In the period from 10:10 a.m. to 14:00 p.m. the displacement of the animals was decrease by the high temperatures in all systems, although it was more effective in the ILP system. It is concluded that the displacement of cattle is influenced by the presence and density of arboreal component integrated crop livestock system.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Behavior, Animal , Pasture , Forests , Eucalyptus , Animal Husbandry/methodsABSTRACT
Among the agricultural production factors, the water deficit is one of the main reasons that limits soy production in Brazil. In order to mitigate losses due to water stress in the plants, hydrogels appear as soil water conditioners. They are polymers capable of absorbing large amounts of water and are being used as a viable alternative to improve the storage of water in areas of scarcity. Hydrogen concentrations between 14 and 18 kg ha-1 resulted in higher plant height, number of pods, one hundred grain mass and grain yield.
Dentre os fatores de produção agrícola, o déficit hídrico é um dos principais motivos que mais limita a produção de soja no Brasil. A fim de amenizar os prejuízos por estresse hídrico nas plantas, os hidrogéis surgem como condicionadores de água no solo, já são polímeros capazes de absorver grande quantidade de água e estão sendo utilizados como alternativa viável para melhorar o armazenamento de água em áreas de escassez. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficiência da utilização do hidrogel na retenção e disponibilização de água para o desenvolvimento e produção da cultura da soja quando submetido a estresse hídrico. As concentrações de hidrogéis entre 14 e 18 kg ha-1 resultaram em maior altura de plantas, número de vagens, massa de cem grãos e produtividades de grãos.
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Glycine max , Grassland , Dehydration , Droughts , Crop ProductionABSTRACT
Mexico has long littorals that receive great amounts of marine algae that are wasted despite being potentially useful as growth promoters without the inconveniences of agrochemicals. Some macroalgae have been used with excellent results as soil conditioners and fertilisers in agriculture. In this study nine macroalgae from the coasts of Veracruz (Gulf of Mexico) and one from Guerrero (Mexican Pacific), Mexico, were tested. They were added to the soil in the form of fragments and of silage in liquid around Pisum sativum plants. A two-way random design with four replicas was followed. Two controls, hormones and water, were also used. Growth was recorded every third day. Results showed that four algae promoted growth (p<0.05) Ulva fasciata (ensiling treatment) and Ulva lactuca (ensiling treatment) and Gracilaria caudata (fragment treatment) and Palisada perforata (fragment treatment), compared with the hormones and water controls. The activity of Ulva fasciata and Palisada perforata is recorded for the first time. Since the control plants treated with hormones grew much less than those treated with the four algae, we conclude that the release of all algae compounds was responsible for the growth, and not the hormone mimetics.
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Background: Two potential problems commonly identified with a denture base incorporating a resilient liner are afailure of the bond between the acrylic resin and resilient liner material and a loss of resiliency of the resilient liner material over time. Methods: The current study was performed to assess the bond strength and hardness of acrylic resilient liner in both auto-polymerized and heat-polymerized forms and silicone resilient liner in auto-polymerized form to a processed denture base resin over a period of water storage for 1 day, 1 week and 1 month. The denture liners investigated were acrylic resin-based heat-polymerized (Super-soft), acrylic resin-based autopolymerized (Coe-Soft) and silicone based autopolymerized (GC-reline) resilient liner. The resilient liners were processed according to manufacturer’s instructions. Tensile bond strength was measured in ASI Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 20 mm/min, and hardness was measured using a Shore-A durometer. Results: Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used to analyze the data (α=0.05). The results indicated that there were significant differences both in the hardness and bond strength values of resilient liner materials. Conclusion: Autopolymerized silicone resilient liner has increased bond strength and hardness values than autopolymerized acrylic liner but the bond strength and hardness values of autopolymerized silicone liner was less than heat cure acrylic resilient liner.
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Objective:To explore the configuration of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment in comprehensive hospital so as to meet the normal operation of various large medical equipment of hospital.Methods: Facing to the characteristics, that the requirements of large medical equipment on air conditioner and ventilating system were higher than that of common equipment and the configuration requirements of different large medical equipment on air conditioner and ventilating system were different, the allocation according to the demands was adopted.Results:Depended on the equipment parameter and requirement of actual operation of linear acceleration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and the machine room of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the items of new medical technique building of hospital to design the configuration plan of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment so as to ensure their normal operation. Conclusion: In the planning programming and construction management of air conditioner and ventilating system of large medical equipment, the different characteristics of them should be considered so as to establish better basis for installation, debugging and operation of equipment in later period. At the same time, these can provide better medical environment for patients and medical staff.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effects of treatment denture on difficult edentulous cases before complete denture restoration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six patients who experienced unsuccessful restoration of conventional complete dentures were included in this study. Treatment dentures were fabricated to solve issues such as abnormal occlusion, tissue surface problems, and neuromuscular dysfunction of the stomatognathic system caused by systemic diseases. The final complete dentures were fabricated by duplicating the treatment dentures. Jaw relation index, stability, and retention were evaluated at different stages. Oral health-related quality of life was measured using the Chinese version of Oral Health Impact Profile for edentulous subjects (OHIP-EDENT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 36 patients, 33 successfully completed the final restoration with positive effects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Treatment denture is an effective pre-restorative option that can be used to correct abnormal occlusion, improve tissue surface problems, and aid in neuromuscular rehabilitation training. Treatment dentures contribute to the successful restoration of the final complete dentures and is worthy of clinical applications.</p>
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Objective To investigate the pollution status of Gohieria fusca in the air conditioner-filters of different places in Wuhu City. Methods The dust samples were collected from the filters of air-conditioners in dining rooms,shopping malls,ho-tels and households between June and September,2013,and G. fusca was detected in the dust samples. Results There were 430 dust samples collected and 98 were G. fusca positive with the breeding rate of 22.79%. The difference of breeding rates of G. fusca were statistically significant among the different places(χ2=18.294,P<0.05). Among 510.5 g dust samples in total, 783 G. fusca mites were detected with an average breeding density of 1.53 mite/g. Conclusion G. fusca breeds in the dust of air-conditioner filters in Wuhu City gravely.
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A radiação solar, composta por radiação ultravioleta (UV), visível (Vis) e infravermelho, é responsável por acelerar os processos de alteração de cor e do conteúdo proteico da fibra capilar. Visando contornar este problema, este trabalho propõe a incorporação do flavonoide quercetina, de reconhecida atividade antioxidante, em uma nanoemulsão catiônica de aplicação capilar. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas formulações contendo quercetina a 0,5% (p/p) pelo método de baixa energia sub-PIT. A formulação de menor índice de polidispersão (IPD) foi selecionada e submetida à Avaliação de Estabilidade Normal. Neste ensaio, a nanoemulsão foi armazenada em diferentes condições de temperatura por 90 dias, sendo analisados: características organolépticas, valor de pH, atividade antioxidante, conteúdo de quercetina, diâmetro médio de gotícula e potencial zeta. A fotoestabilidade da nanoemulsão envolveu a determinação do perfil de absorção e da sua atividade antioxidante após períodos de exposição à radiação UV/Vis. Posteriormente, a nanoemulsão foi caracterizada quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: eficiência de encapsulamento, perfil reológico, morfologia das gotículas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão Criogênica e Microscopia de Força Atômica (AFM). A possível interação entre a quercetina e os demais tensoativos presentes na nanoemulsão foi avaliada por Microscopia Confocal de Fluorescência e Análise térmica. A segurança da nanoemulsão foi determinada pelo método in vitro HET-CAM e por biocompatibilidade cutânea, em voluntários. A eficácia da nanoemulsão catiônica na fotoproteção das características da fibra capilar descolorida tratada com tintura cores loiro (12.0) ou ruivo (6.66) foi determinada avaliando-se os parâmetros cor, tração à ruptura, penteabilidade, fricção, perda proteica, morfologia das cutículas e nível de melanina radical por Espectroscopia de Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (EPR), sendo calculado o Fator de Proteção Radicalar (FPR). As mechas de cabelo tingidas foram expostas à radiação UV/Vis artificial (500 W/m2) por até 180 h, sendo os parâmetros analisados antes e após o período de exposição. A nanoemulsão selecionada pelo reduzido IPD apresentava diâmetro médio de gotícula e potencial zeta iguais a 24,97±0,30 nm e 19,6±2,19 mV, respectivamente. Na Avaliação de Estabilidade Normal, a nanoemulsão armazenada a 45,0±2,0° C apresentou alterações significativas de todos os parâmetros avaliados, exceto potencial zeta, sendo que a elevação do diâmetro médio de gotícula acarretou em perda da transparência. A oxidação da quercetina e a instabilidade do tipo Ostwald ripening (ω3) foram as responsáveis pelas modificações observadas. No armazenamento a 5,0±2,0° C, a nanoemulsão manteve todos os parâmetros inalterados, mas a 25±2,0° C houve elevação discreta do diâmetro médio de gotícula, sem perda da funcionalidade. A nanoemulsão apresentou elevada fotoestabilidade, sem alteração da atividade antioxidante após exposição ao UV/Vis. A caracterização da nanoemulsão mostrou que a eficiência de encapsulamento foi de 99,8%, no mínimo, a formulação apresentou típico comportamento newtoniano e as gotículas apresentavam formato esférico. As imagens obtidas por Microscopia Confocal de Fluorescência e o ensaio de Análise térmica mostraram que a quercetina se encontra dentro das gotícula atuando, também, como co-tensoativo, por interagir com os tensoativos, além de exercer sua função antioxidante. A nanoemulsão foi classificada como levemente irritante (método HET-CAM), sendo esse baixo potencial de irritação corroborado pelo teste de biocompatibilidade cutânea. Na avaliação de eficácia, observou-se que a nanoemulsão protegeu a cor total (dE*) do cabelo tingido de loiro em 54%, e elevou a alteração da cor do cabelo tingido de ruivo em 47% (t = 180 h) em comparação à mecha controle. Além disso, a nanoemulsão melhorou a penteabilidade e reduziu os coeficientes de fricção. A radiação UV/Vis provocou elevada perda proteica e redução da espessura das cutículas em aproximadamente 50%. Concluiu-se, pelos resultados obtidos, que as moléculas que compoem a tintura capilar, principalmente os pigmentos mais escuros, atuaram como filtros solares, pois elas protegeram as estruturas proteicas da fibra. A nanoemulsão apresentou FPR igual a 3,31 e 4,14, para as mechas tingidas de loiro e ruivo, respectivamente. O FPR indica a capacidade de uma formulação em reduzir o nível de radicais livres formados por indução da radiação UV/Vis, um dos fatores que induzem alterações na fibra capilar tingida. Assim, considerando que a radiação UV/Vis atua tanto por mecanismos diretos quanto indiretos, e que alterações significativas de cor foram observadas mesmo quando o nível de radicais livres foi reduzido pela ação da quercetina, deve ser incorporada à formulação fotoprotetora capilar filtros solares associados a antioxidantes nanoestruturados. Tais filtros devem ficar aderidos à cutícula, de modo a protegê-la da degradação proteica e reduzir a entrada de radiação para o interior da fibra capilar, local onde os antioxidantes nanoestruturados devem atuar como uma segunda linha de defesa
The solar radiation, comprising ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and infrared, is responsible for accelerating color and protein content changes in the hair fiber. In order to avoid this problem, this work proposes the incorporation of the flavonoid quercetin, a recognized antioxidant molecule, in a cationic nanoemulsion for hair application. For this, formulations containing quercetin 0.5% (w/w) were developed by the low-energy sub-PIT method. The formulation with a lower polydispersity index (PDI), which had HLB value (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) equal to 12.5 was selected and subjected to the Normal Stability Test. In this assay, the nanoemulsion was stored under different temperature conditions for 90 days, and the following parameters were analyzed: organoleptic properties, pH, antioxidant activity, quercetin content, average droplet diameter and zeta potential. The photostability of the nanoemulsion involved the determination of the absorption profile and its antioxidant activity after periods of exposure to UV/Vis radiation. Subsequently, the nanoemulsion was characterized according to the following parameters: encapsulation efficiency, rheological profile, morphology of the droplets by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The possible interaction between quercetin and other surfactants present in the nanoemulsion was evaluated by Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy and thermal analysis. The safety of the nanoemulsion was assessed by the in vitro HET-CAM method and by cutaneous biocompatibility in volunteers. The photoprotection effectiveness of the bioactive cationic nanoemulsion was evaluated in blond (color 12.0) and auburn (color 6.66) dyed hair fibers by assessing the parameters: color, tensile break, combing, friction, protein loss, morphology of cuticles and level of melanin radical by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR). The Radical Hair Protection Factor (RHF) was calculated. Dyed hair tresses were exposed to UV/Vis artificial radiation (500 W/m2) for 180 h. The parameters were analyzed before and after the exposure period. The nanoemulsion selected due to its reduced PDI had an average droplet diameter and zeta potential equal to 24.97±0.30 nm and 19.6±2.19 mV, respectively. In the Normal Stability Test, the nanoemulsion stored at 45.0 ± 2.0º C showed significant changes in all parameters except zeta potential, and the increase in the average droplet diameter resulted in the loss of transparency. Oxidation of quercetin and Ostwald ripening instability (ω3) were responsible for the changes. At 5.0 ± 2.0º C, the nanoemulsion kept all parameters unchanged, but at 25.0±2.0º C there was a slight increase in the average droplet diameter without loss of functionality. The nanoemulsion showed high photostability since antioxidant activity was not altered after UV/Vis exposure. The characterization of the nanoemulsion showed that the encapsulation efficiency was 99.8% at least, the formulation showed typical Newtonian behavior and droplets were spherical. The images obtained by Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy and thermal analysis showed that quercetin was within the droplet acting, also, as a cosurfactant, due to the interaction with the surfactants. The nanoemulsion was classified as slightly irritating (HET-CAM method), and this low irritation potential was supported by the cutaneous biocompatibility assay. The photoprotective effectiveness evaluation showed that the nanoemulsion protected the total color (dE*) of blond dyed hair in 54%, but raised the color change of auburn dyed hair in 47% (t = 180 h). In addition, the nanoemulsion improved combability and reduced coefficients of friction. UV/Vis radiation caused high protein loss and reduced cuticle thickness by approximately 50%. It was concluded that the molecules that compose hair dye, especially the darker pigments, acted as sun filters because they protected the protein structures of the hair fiber. The nanoemulsion showed RHF equal to 3.31 and 4.14 for blond and auburn dyed hair, respectively. The RHF indicates the ability of a formulation to reduce the level of free radicals formed by UV/Vis induction, one of the factors that induce changes in the dyed hair fibers. Thus, considering that the UV/Vis radiation acts by direct and indirect mechanisms and that significant changes in color were observed even when the level of free radicals has been reduced by the quercetin, chemical filters should be incorporated into hair formulations associated with nanostructured antioxidants in order to fully protect hair fiber. Such filters must be attached to the cuticle, protecting it from protein degradation and reducing the radiation input into the hair fiber, where the nanostructured antioxidants must act as a second line of defense
Subject(s)
Hair Color , Hair/growth & development , Oxidation , Photooxidation , Treatment Outcome , Flavonoids , Microscopy, Atomic Force/statistics & numerical data , Microscopy, Confocal/instrumentation , Quercetin/therapeutic use , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The prevalence of fungal spores in the hospital air is essential to understand the hospital‑acquired fungal infections. Air conditioners (ACs) used in hospitals may either reduce spores in air or be colonised by fungi and aid in its dissemination. The present study was conducted to assess the fungal spore burden in AC and non‑AC areas. We found a high fungal spore count in air irrespective of whether the area was AC or non‑AC. The most predominant species isolated were Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus. Such high concentrations of pathogenic fungi in air may predispose individuals to develop disease.
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Background: Candidiasis in the oral cavity is an opportunistic infections, the most common species involved is Candida albicans. Clotrimazole (CTZ) is the first line broad-spectrum antifungal drug that has been widely used for the prophylaxis and treatment of oral and vaginal candidiasis. It is seen that the effect of drug is better locally as compared to oral intake. The aim of the present study is to find out the quantum release of clotrimazole from the incorporated materials in the artificial salivary medium at the pH of 6.2 and to access the physical properties of the clotrimazole incorporated reliner and tissue conditioner. Methods: The antifungal clotrimazole is incorporated in two types of denture base material used for this study at 2%, 5% and 10% concentration by weight. The release of clotrimazole out of polymer matrix was studied at various pH. The main property of tensile strength of the specimen before and after the chemical release of the clotrimazole was tested. Result: Concentration was maximum on 8th day and uniformly decreased thereafter. The maximum amount of release upto 8th day was 2.52, 4.23, 9.84 mg for 2%, 5% and 10% respectively. Conclusion: Topical release of antifungal agents is more effective than systemic intake, which has adverse effect like renal toxicity and CNS toxicity.
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El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar la microfiltración del ionómero de vidrio mejorado (Ketac Molar Easymix ®) con o sin el uso de acondicionador. Para lograr éste, se seleccionaron 40 terceros molares extraídos, limpios e hidratados. Se formaron dos grupos de 20 muestras de forma aleatoria, a los cuales se les realizó profilaxis y cavidades de clase V sobre la cara vestibular. Al grupo A se le colocó un acondicionador de ácido poliacrílico como indica el fabricante, antes del ionómero, y al grupo B se le colocó el ionómero directamente. Las muestras se sometieron a un proceso de termociclado y fueron sumergidas en azul de metileno al 1%, durante 30 minutos. Cada molar fue seccionado con disco de carburo, con cortes longitudinales en el centro de la preparación. Cada sección fue examinada minuciosamente al microscopio. Se calificaron las muestras y se obtuvo que el promedio de microfiltración para el grupo A fue de 2.06% y para el grupo B fue de 1.84%, sin representar diferencias significativas. Por lo que se concluye, con que no existen diferencias significativas en colocar acondicionador en este tipo de cavidades y con este material en particular.
The aim of the present study was to assess microleakage experienced by improved glass ionomer (Ketac Molar Easymix ®) with and without use of conditioner. In order to conduct this study, 40 third molars were used. Molars had previously been extracted, cleansed and hydrated. Two 20 randomly selected sample groups were established. Samples were subjected to prophylaxis and class V cavities were created on the vestibular (labial) surface of the teeth. Before ionomer application, and according to manufacturer's instructions, group A received a polyacrylic acid conditioner, whereas group B received direct ionomer application. All samples were subjected to a thermo-cycling process and then were immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution for 30 minutes. All molars were sectioned with carbide burr executing longitudinal cuts at the preparation's center. Each section was carefully examined under the microscope. Samples were rated and the following was observed: microleakage, for group A was 2.06% and for group B 1.84% which did not represent statistically significant differences. It can therefore be concluded that application of conditioner in this type of cavities and with this particular material does not cause statistically significant differences.
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O Brasil é um dos maiores mercados mundiais consumidores de cosméticos infantis. A utilização de produtos de higiene pessoal, como xampus, condicionadores e sabonetes infantis, e de produtos de beleza já se incorporou ao dia a dia de muitas crianças. Deste modo, é imprescindível que esses produtos estejam em consonância com os limites microbianos estabelecidos pela Farmacopeia Brasileira (2010) e pela Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada/ANVISA No 481/99 para serem comercializados. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a qualidade microbiológica de amostras de 10 xampus e 10 cremes condicionadores de cabelos destinados à higiene infantil. Dentre as amostras analisadas, verificou-se que, em 50% dos xampus e 30% dos cremes condicionadores capilares, houve proliferação de micro- organismos, tais como bactérias aeróbias e fungos, acima dos limites máximos permitidos. Embora não se tenha encontrado micro-organismos patogênicos, essas percentagens indicam a necessidade do cumprimento das Boas Práticas de Fabricação por parte das indústrias farmacêuticas e cosméticas, para que os consumidores possam adquirir produtos confiáveis, com qualidade adequada para manutenção da saúde e do bem-estar.(AU)
Brazil is one of the largest commercial markets for children?s cosmetics. Personal-care products such as shampoos, conditioners and soaps for infants use, as well as beauty products are used daily by many children. Therefore, it is essential that these products are within microbial limits established by the most recent Brazilian Pharmacopoeia and the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency Collegiate Board of Directors Resolution No 481/99. This study evaluated the microbiological quality of samples of 10 shampoos and 10 conditioners intended for infant hygiene. Of the samples analyzed, 50% of shampoos and 30% of conditioners showed microbial growth, such as aerobic bacteria and molds/yeasts, over the limits allowed. Although pathogenic micro- organisms were not found, these proportions indicate the need for pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies and businesses to comply with Good Manufacturing Practices, so that consumers are able to purchase reliable products with appropriate quality to maintain their health and well-being.(AU)
Subject(s)
Cosmetic Microbiology , Hair Preparations/analysis , Quality Control , Personal Hygiene ProductsABSTRACT
Single complete denture opposing natural dentition is a common occurrence in clinical practice. Malposed, tipped or supraerupted teeth in the opposing arch is a perplexing problem in achieving a harmonious balanced occlusion in single complete denture patients . It is developed for stability of denture bases in relation to supporting structures during functional and parafunctional movements. Lack of occlusal balance may lead to denture instability, mucosal soreness, tissue changes and accelerated ridge resorptionThe single complete denture with a technique of occlusal refinement by functionally generated amalgam stops condensed in prepared resin teeth after initial balancing of the denture with semiadjustable articulator. This technique provides intimacy of contact in all excursions by carving the amalgam in plastic stage. Amalgam stops improve the efficiency of the resin teeth. Dentures fabricated using this technique require fewer and simpler post-insertion adjustment.
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The concept of Neutral zone is an important biomechanical consideration in fabrication of complete dentures. There are different methods of recording the Neutral zone. This article compares the levels of patient satisfaction with complete denture fabricated using two neutral zone impression materials.
ABSTRACT
A estabilidade de ambiência na avicultura moderna tem favorecido a proliferação de insetos praga. Nesse cenário, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), comumente denominado cascudinho, surge como principal inseto cosmopolita infestando camas de aviários. Neste sentido o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os fatores cal hidratada, temperatura e umidade na cama de aviários sobre a mortalidade de A. diaperinus em condições de laboratório. Foram realizados bioensaios laboratoriais simulando o ambiente de criação em recipientes com a adição de cama de aviário, ração e adultos e larvas de A. diaperinus. A variável resposta foi a mortalidade aos sete e 10 dias após a instalação dos experimentos. A adição de cal hidratada na cama de aviário na dosagem de 400g m-² promoveu mortalidade parcial de adultos (35,62%±2,74) e larvas (45,62%±1,75) de A. diaperinus. O fator umidade na cama de aviário, independente do percentual, não provocou mortalidade significativa de adultos de A. diaperinus. A temperatura da cama de aviário em 45°C proveu mortalidade total de adultos e larvas de A. diaperinus nas condições propostas.
The stability of in the modern poultry industry has been favored the proliferation of insect pests. In this scenario, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), commonly known as lesser mealworm, emerges as major cosmopolitan insect infesting poultry litter. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the factors hydrated lime, temperature and humidity in the poultry litter on the A. diaperinus mortality under laboratory conditions. Laboratory bioassays were performed, simulating the poultry environment with litter in each experimental unit, with the addition of adults and larvae of A. diaperinus. The response variable was mortality at seven and 10 days after installation of the experiments. The addition of hydrated lime in the poultry litter at a dosage of 400g m-² promoted partial mortality of the adult population (35.62%±2,74) and larvae (45.62%±1,75) of A. diaperinus. The moisture in the litter, regardless of percentage, did not cause significant mortality of adults of A. diaperinus. The temperature in the litter at 45°C caused total mortality of adults and larvae of A. diaperinus at the conditions studied.
ABSTRACT
A dynamic impression is a functional impression that records the functional movement of the patient's own muscle and muscle attachment. This process reduces the number of random factors. This article describes a method for making a special tray using a dynamic impression concept that was made from provisional dentures used for implant healing. The individual tray is used to make a wash-impression to record the features of the mucosa in detail. The main advantage of this technique is that it provides a functional relationship of the implant components to the supporting tissues without overextension because provisional denture had been used for 2 months and the border length of individual tray was nearly the same as that of provisional denture. The delivery of the prosthesis constructed using this impression technique is time-saving because there is no need for border molding and there are fewer post-insertion appliance adjustments.
Subject(s)
Denture, Overlay , Dentures , Fungi , Mucous Membrane , Muscles , Prostheses and ImplantsABSTRACT
Context : The presence of Candida albicans on the fitting surface of the denture is a major causative factor in denture stomatits. A treatment method is by combining tissue conditioner and antifungal agents. Aims : The main objective of this study is to test the efficacy of magnesium oxide combined with two tissue conditioners (Viscogel and GC Soft), in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans. Settings and Design : Microbiological study was done in the Department of Microbiology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore. Materials and Methods : A total of 154 plates were prepared using Muller Hilton with Glucose and Methylene Blue dye medium and inoculated with 24-hr old standard Candida culture. Plates were divided into control and combination. Test discs with different concentrations of MgO were equidistantly placed in MgO Control, while sterile discs embedded with respective tissue conditioner were equidistantly placed in Viscogel and GC Soft controls. For combination groups, the tissue conditioners were mixed and the discs with MgO (1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) were embedded in the mix. After 24 h of incubation, inhibition diameters were noted. Statistical Analysis Used : The data was analysed using Mann Whitney U Test, ANOVA, Tukey HSD test. Results : The inhibition effect of magnesium oxide 1% combined with tissue conditioners (VGC and GCC) is not significant in both the groups. The inhibition effect of MgO 5% and 7% combined with tissue conditioners (VGC and GCC) is very highly significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusions : Magnesium oxide in combination with tissue conditioners are effective against Candida albicans; GC soft with magnesium oxide showed a better result than Viscogel with magnesium oxide; Increasing the concentration of magnesium oxide increases the zone of inhibition of Candida albicans.