Fijación externa en pacientes pediátricos con fracturas supracondíleas del húmero

Introducción: Las fracturas supracondíleas del húmero en el niño son por lo general de tratamiento quirúrgico, mediante reducción cerrada o abierta asociada a la colocación de alambres. Por su parte, la fijación externa es una opción aceptada en ciertas circunstancias. Objetivo: Actualizar sobre el uso de la fijación externa en pacientes con fractura supracondílea del húmero en el niño. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda y análisis de la información en un periodo de 61 días (primero de junio al 31 de julio de 2023) y se emplearon las siguientes palabras: pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures AND external fixation, external fixation AND elbow, complex fractures AND pediatric supracondylar. A partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 177 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote. De ellos, se utilizaron 34 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 32 de los últimos cinco años. Resultados: Se hizo referencia a las indicaciones y contraindicaciones, además de las ventajas de la fijación externa. Se mencionaron las principales diferencias entre la fijación con alambres de Kirschner y la fijación externa. Se expuso la técnica en cinco pasos. Se plasmaron los cuidados posoperatorios, complicaciones y comentarios sobre los resultados. Conclusiones: La fijación externa constituye una modalidad de tratamiento efectiva para pacientes pediátricos con patrones de fractura complejos. Es una técnica factible de realizar y reproducir. Los resultados son iguales o superiores al ser comparados con las otras modalidades quirúrgicas.

Introduction: Supracondylar humerus fractures in children are generally treated surgically, through closed or open reduction associated with placement of the wires. For its part, external fixation is an accepted option in certain circumstances. Objective: To update on the use of external fixation in patients with supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. Methods: The search and analysis of the information was carried out in a period of 61 days (June 1st to July 31st, 2023) and the following words were used: pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures AND external fixation, external fixation AND elbow, complex fractures AND pediatric supracondylar. Based on the information obtained, a bibliographic review of a total of 177 articles published in the PubMed, Hinari, SciELO and Medline databases was carried out using the EndNote search engine and reference administrator. Of these, 34 selected citations were used to carry out the review, 32 of the last five years. Results: References are made to the indications and contraindications, in addition to the advantages of external fixation. The main differences between Kirschner wire fixation and external fixation are mentioned. The technique is exposed in five steps. Postoperative care, complications and comments on the results are reflected. Conclusions: External fixation is an effective treatment modality for pediatric patients with complex fracture patterns. It is a feasible technique to perform and reproduce. The results are equal or superior when compared with other surgical modalities.

Contraindicated use of modern contraceptives among mothers from a Pelotas Birth Cohort

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of contraindicated use of combined hormonal contraceptives, progesterone-only contraceptives, and intrauterine devices in mothers participating in the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort according to the WHO medical eligibility criteria. METHODS The biological mothers of children belonging to the 2015 Pelotas birth cohort who attended the 48-month follow-up were studied. The 48-month follow-up data were collected from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. Contraindicated use of modern contraceptives was considered to occur when these women presented at least one of the contraindications for the use of modern contraceptives and were using these methods. The prevalence of contraindicated use was calculated according to each independent variable and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The analyzed sample consisted of 3,053 women who used any modern contraceptive method. The prevalence of contraindicated use of modern contraceptives totaled 25.9% (95%CI: 24.4-27.5). Combined hormonal contraceptives showed the highest prevalence of contraindicated use (52.1%; 95%CI: 49.3-54.8). The prevalence of contraindicated use of modern contraceptives methods was greater in women with family income between one and three minimum wages, a 25-30 kg/m2 body mass index, indication by a gynecologist for the used method, and purchasing the contraceptive method at a pharmacy. The higher the women's education, the lower the prevalence of inappropriate use of modern contraceptives. CONCLUSION In total, one in four women used modern contraceptives despite showing at least one contraindication. Policies regarding women's reproductive health should be strengthened.

Primera colocación del dispositivo AMPLATZER™, Amulet™ para cierre de orejuela en Costa Rica utilizando Heart Navigator / First placement of the AMPLATZER™ Amulet™ device for appendage closure in Costa Rica using Heart Navigator

RESUMEN El cierre de la orejuela izquierda mediante un dispositivo facilita la prevención de un accidente cerebrovascular en pacientes con antecedente de fibrilación auricular no valvular y contraindicación para el uso de medicamentos anticoagulantes. Este artículo presenta dos casos de pacientes con historia de fibrilación auricular en el Hospital Calderón Guardia, ambos con el antecedente de sangrado digestivo y contraindicación para la anticoagulación, en los que se logró el cierre de la orejuela izquierda mediante la colocación exitosa del dispositivo AmuletTM, utilizando TAC y Heart Navigator, técnicas de imagen que se están convirtiendo en el estándar de oro de muchos centros internacionales de referencia en cardiología intervencionista.

ABSTRACT Closure of the left atrial appendage with a device facilitates the prevention of stroke in patients with a history of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and a contraindication to the use of anticoagulant medications. This article presents two cases of patients with a history of atrial fibrillation at the Calderón Guardia Hospital, both with a history of digestive bleeding and contraindication to anticoagulation, in whom closure of the left atrial appendage was achieved through successful placement of the AmuletTM device, using CT and Heart Navigator, imaging techniques that are becoming the gold standard in many international reference centers in interventional cardiology.

Preliminary exploration on operation process for autologous ozonized blood transfusion / 中国输血杂志

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.

Analysis on the detection of occupational contraindications in pre-employment occupational health examination of a vehicle manufacturing enterprise / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the detection level and distribution characteristics of occupational contraindications in pre-employment occupational health examination, and to provide a reference for relevant management departments to strengthen the control of personnel exposed to occupational hazards. Methods The data of pre-employment occupational health examination of 2 626 workers in a vehicle manufacturing enterprise from September 2018 to December 2020 were collected. The detection rate of occupational contraindications was calculated according to the judgement standard, and the distribution of occupational contraindications in different gender, length of service and age was analyzed. Results The detection rate of occupational contraindications was 13.71%, and there was no significant difference between the genders. The detection rate in the 40-45 years old group was the highest (31.75%), and the difference among the different age groups was statistically significant (χ2=30.16, P2=30.20, P<0.01). Conclusion Relevant departments should strengthen the occupational health supervision and management of vehicle manufacturing enterprises and urge enterprises to pay attention to the pre-job occupational health examination as well as the health of workers.

Tratamiento al alta en insuficiencia cardiaca ¿cumplimos con las guías? Subanálisis del registro ARGEN-IC / Heart Failure Treatment at Hospital Discharge. Do we Adhere to Guidelines? A Sub-analysis of the ARGEN-IC Registry

RESUMEN Introducción: La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) se puede clasificar de diferentes maneras. La más utilizada, según la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI), distingue a grupos con opciones terapéuticas que impactan en la morbimortalidad. Existe información sobre adherencia a las recomendaciones de tratamiento específico al alta de la internación por IC en otros países, pero carecemos de ésta en el nuestro. Objetivos: Evaluar la prescripción de drogas específicas para IC con FEVI reducida (ICFER) al alta de pacientes internados por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA), así como los parámetros clínicos relacionados con la indicación. Materiales y métodos: Pacientes incorporados al registro prospectivo ARGEN-IC, con diagnóstico de ICA. Se definió FEVI deteriorada a la ≤40%; se analizó la prescripción de drogas recomendadas para ICFER al alta, y su relación con parámetros clínicos. Datos incorporados a la base Survey Monkey y analizados con el programa STATA 14. Se utilizó el test de t o chi cuadrado según la variable utilizada. Resultados: 871 pacientes incluidos, edad 68,1 años y 72,4% varones. FEVI reducida en el 53,3%. La estadía hospitalaria fue 8 días (RIC 5-12) y la mortalidad 7,32%. El 12,6% egresó con tensión arterial sistólica >130 mmHg y el 64,4% con frecuencia cardíaca >70 latidos por minuto. El 22,5% egresó sin betabloqueantes, el 29,1% sin vasodilatadores y el 43,7% sin antialdosterónicos. Entre las probables contraindicaciones, observamos 12,6% de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), 12,5% de índice de filtrado glomerular menor de 30 ml/min, 8,9% de creatinina mayor de 25 mg/dL y 0,44% hiperkalemia. Conclusiones: Constatamos prescripción subóptima y pobre cumplimiento de las recomendaciones; por ello es de vital importancia implementar estrategias para cambiar la realidad en nuestra región.

ABSTRACT Background: Heart failure (HF) can be classified in different ways. The most used classification is based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and involves groups with therapeutic options that impact on morbidity and mortality. The information about adherence to the recommendation of specific treatment at hospital discharge for HF comes from other countries but not ours. Objectives: To evaluate the prescription of specific drugs for HF with reduced LVEF (HFrEF) at discharge in hospitalized patients for acute heart failure (AHF), as well as the clinical parameters related to the indication. Methods: Patients with diagnosis of AHF incorporated to the prospective ARGEN-IC registry were included. Reduced LVEF was defined as that ≤40%. Prescription rate of drugs recommended for HFrEF at discharge and its association with clinical parameters was analyzed. Data was incorporated to the Survey Monkey electronic database and analyzed using STATA® software package. The Student's t test or chi-square test were used, as applicable. Results: A total of 871 patients were included; mean age was 68.1 years and 72.4% were men. LEVF was reduced in 53.3%. Length of hospital stay was 8 days (IQR 5-12) and mortality rate was 7.32%. At discharge, systolic blood pressure was >130 mm Hg in 12.6% of the patients and 64.4% had heart rate >70 beats per minute; 22.5% were discharged without beta-blockers, 29.1% without vasodilators and 43.7% without aldosterone antagonists. Comorbidities included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 12.6%, glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min in 12.5 %, serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dL in 8,9% and hyperkalemia in 0.44%. Conclusions: We documented suboptimal prescription rate and poor adherence to the recommendations; thus, it is extremely important to implement strategies to change the reality in our region.

Efectos adversos de las sustancias modelantes en Cali, Colombia / Adverse effects of modeling substances in Cali, Colombia

Resumen | Introducción. El deseo de mejorar la apariencia física mediante métodos sencillos y económicos, ha generado la aplicación indiscriminada de sustancias modelantes y, con ello, el surgimiento de la alogenosis iatrogénica, enfermedad cada vez más prevalente en Latinoamérica. Objetivo. Describir las características epidemiológicas y los efectos adversos de las sustancias modelantes en un grupo de pacientes de Cali, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de los pacientes que acudieron a consulta por complicaciones producidas por sustancias modelantes durante un sexenio. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1.322 pacientes, 95,5 % de ellos mujeres. Las edades oscilaron entre los 19 y los 83 años, con una media de 39 años. El sitio anatómico de infiltración con sustancias modelantes con mayor frecuencia de efectos adversos, fueron los glúteos. La asimetría y el aumento del volumen en el sitio infiltrado fueron los signos más comunes, en tanto que el dolor, las alteraciones del ánimo y la depresión o la ansiedad fueron los síntomas más percibidos. El 33,6 % de los pacientes desconocía la sustancia aplicada y el 28,1 % refirió haberse aplicado biopolímeros. La mayoría de estos procedimientos estuvo a cargo de personal sin la debida formación. Conclusiones. Estos pacientes requieren la atención de equipos multidisciplinarios para establecer alternativas de tratamiento que mejoren su calidad de vida. Además, se necesitan la regulación de los establecimientos, y las medidas de vigilancia, inspección y control en la importación y el uso de estas sustancias.

Abstract | Introduction: The desire to improve one's physical appearance through simple and economical methods has resulted in the indiscriminate application of modeling substances. As a result, iatrogenic allogenosis has emerged as an increasingly prevalent disease in Latin America. Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and adverse effects arising from the use of modeling substances in a group of patients from Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of patients who consulted for complications arising from the use of modeling substances during a six-year period. Results: A total of 1,322 patients were included of whom 95.5% were women. Patients' ages ranged from 19 to 83 years, with an average of 39 years. The most infiltrated anatomical site showing adverse effects due to modeling substances was the buttocks. The asymmetry and increased volume of the infiltrated site were the most common signs while pain, mood disturbances, and depression or anxiety were the most commonly perceived symptoms. A total of 41.8% of patients ignored what substances they had received, and 28.5% received biopolymers; these procedures were mostly performed by non-qualified personnel. Conclusions: The care of these patients requires multidisciplinary teams to establish treatment alternatives to improve their quality of life. In addition, the regulation of establishments, as well as the surveillance, inspection, and control of the imports and use of these substances should be warranted.

Tendencias entre profesionales de salud sobre vacunación pediátrica. Impacto de su modificación. Bayamo. 2016-2019 / Trends among health professionals on pediatric vaccination. Impact of its modification. Bayamo. 2016-2019 / Tendências entre profissionais de saúde em vacinação pediátrica. Impacto de sua modificação. Bayamo. 2016-2019

RESUMEN En Cuba, vacunarse es un acto seguro. Garantizar que siga siendo así, lograr que cada vacuna sea realmente inmunizante, evitar brotes de enfermedades infectocontagiosas y brindar seguridad para vacunarse depende de los conocimientos del profesional de salud. Para evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia educativa sobre vacunación pediátrica, dirigida a profesionales de atención primaria de salud de Bayamo entre 2016 y 2019, se realizó esta investigación. El estudio cuasi experimental incluyó diseño, aplicación en 181 profesionales y evaluación de la estrategia. La variable dependiente fue nivel de conocimiento y la independiente: estrategia educativa, que trató contraindicaciones, falsas contraindicaciones (catarro, concomitancia con antibióticos) y factores que modifican la inmunogenicidad de la vacunación (esteroides, inmunomoduladores, sangre y derivados). Se evaluó nivel de conocimiento sobre los temas antes y después de la intervención, la recuperación de niños no vacunados y de vacunación no inmunizante. Se empleó la prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon con índice de confianza del 95%. Inicialmente predominó el nivel inadecuado de conocimiento alrededor de 70 (%) que disminuyó significativamente. Se recuperaron 12 niños no vacunados y 60 vacunaciones no inmunizantes. Los problemas del conocimiento se detectaron en áreas que no implican peligro para la vida ni comprometen la seguridad o la cobertura vacunal numérica. La investigación tiene enfoque preventivo y aumenta la calidad y efectividad de la vacunación. Se modificó positivamente el nivel cognitivo de los profesionales y disminuyó el número de niños con atraso, contraindicación inadecuada o la vacunación no inmunizante. La estrategia educativa se consideró efectiva.

ABSTRACT In Cuba, getting vaccinated is a safe act. Ensuring that this remains the case, making each vaccine truly immunizing, preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases, and providing safety for vaccination depends on the knowledge of the health professional. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational strategy on pediatric vaccination, aimed at primary health care professionals in Bayamo between 2016 and 2019, this research was carried out. The quasi-experimental study included design, application in 181 professionals and evaluation of the strategy. The dependent variable was level of knowledge and the independent variable was educational strategy, which dealt with contraindications, false contraindications (colds, concomitance with antibiotics) and factors that modify the immunogenicity of vaccination (steroids, immunomodulators, blood and derivatives). The level of knowledge about the topics before and after the intervention, the recovery of unvaccinated children and of non-immunizing vaccination was evaluated. The Wilcoxon signed rank test with a confidence index of 95% was used. Initially, the inadequate level of knowledge predominated around 70 (%), which decreased significantly. Twelve unvaccinated children and 60 non-immunizing vaccinations were recovered. The knowledge problems were detected in areas that do not imply danger to life or compromise safety or numerical vaccination coverage. Research has a preventive focus and increases the quality and effectiveness of vaccination. The cognitive level of the professionals was positively modified and the number of children with delay, inadequate contraindication or non-immunizing vaccination decreased. The educational strategy was considered effective.

RESUMO Em Cuba, ser vacinado é um ato seguro. Garantir que assim seja, tornar cada vacina verdadeiramente imunizante, prevenir surtos de doenças infecciosas e dar segurança à vacinação depende do conhecimento do profissional de saúde. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia de uma estratégia educativa sobre vacinação pediátrica, dirigida a profissionais da atenção básica em Bayamo entre 2016 e 2019, foi realizada esta pesquisa. O estudo quase experimental incluiu desenho, aplicação em 181 profissionais e avaliação da estratégia. A variável dependente foi o nível de conhecimento e a variável independente foi a estratégia educacional, que tratou das contra-indicações, falsas contra-indicações (resfriados, concomitância com antibióticos) e fatores que modificam a imunogenicidade da vacinação (esteróides, imunomoduladores, sangue e derivados). Foi avaliado o nível de conhecimento sobre os temas antes e depois da intervenção, recuperação de crianças não vacinadas e vacinação não imunizante. Foi utilizado o teste dos postos sinalizados de Wilcoxon com índice de confiança de 95%. Inicialmente, o nível de conhecimento inadequado predominava em torno de 70 (%), que diminuiu significativamente. Doze crianças não vacinadas e 60 vacinações não imunizantes foram recuperadas. Foram detectados problemas de conhecimento em áreas que não representam perigo à vida e nem comprometem a segurança ou a cobertura vacinal numérica. A pesquisa tem um enfoque preventivo e aumenta a qualidade e eficácia da vacinação. O nível cognitivo dos profissionais foi modificado positivamente e o número de crianças com atraso, contra-indicação inadequada ou vacinação não imunizante diminuiu. A estratégia educativa foi considerada eficaz.

Primary screening of children with vaccination contraindications and referral recommendations: suggestions for primary care of children in Shenzhen / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Guideline or consensus for the vaccination of children with special conditions like immunocompromised children may be more suitable for pediatricians.However, the vaccination of children in China is mainly performed by general practitioners or child health care practitioners in community health service centers.They need to master the screening knowledge of contraindications and precautions for the vaccination of children, and make the decision to referral to specialists.Based on the technical guidelines for Immunization of National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China, Best Practices Guidance of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and contraindications and precautions proposed by the Immunization Action Coalition, 20 suggestions for primary screening of children with vaccination contraindications and referral recommendations for primary care providers were developed by experts from the Integration of Medicine and Prevention in Children of Health Commission of Shenzhen Municipality.

Investigation on the current status of silica dust hazard in workplaces in Jiangxi Province / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current status of silica dust hazard in workplaces of Jiangxi Province. METHODS: The level of silica dust in the air of workplaces, occupational health examination of the dust-exposed workers and diagnosis of occupational disease in 1 557 enterprises in Jiangxi Province were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS: The 1 557 enterprises were included in eight industries, and the main types of enterprises were non-coal mining, ceramic products manufacturing and stone processing industry(a total of 85.16%). There were 4 029 jobs/positions that were involved in exposure to silica dust in these workplaces. Among them, the exposure concentration of time weighted average(C_(TWA)) of total dust and respirable dust exceeded 21.52% and 20.55%, respectively. The posts where the total dust and respirable dust that exceed the standard were found in the quartz sand processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting industry and stone processing industry, that were the top three among the eight industries(all P<0.01). Among the 828 posts with C_(TWA) of respiratory dust exceeding the standard, the C_(TWA) exceeding rate of mild-, moderate-and high-hazardous jobs were 3.87%(156/4 029), 1.66%(67/4 029) and 15.02%(605/4 029), respectively. Among 23 643 dust-exposed workers, the detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected silicosis were 2.06% and 1.51%, and the prevalence of silicosis was 1.21%. CONCLUSION: Silica dust hazard in workplaces of quartz sand processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting industry and stone processing industry are serious in Jiangxi Province. The supervision and management of occupational health should be further strengthened to guarantee the occupational health of workers.

Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional Indonesian Medicine: A Comparative Review of Herbal Medicines Restricted in Pregnancy / 中国结合医学杂志

The decline in birth rates has become a very serious problem in various parts of the world. Many countries have implemented national programs for increasing birth rates, one of which involves the use of traditional medicine as an alternative solution. Among the fast-growing traditional medicines, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional Indonesian medicine (TIM) have attracted a lot of demand globally. Here, we analyzed and compared the herbal medicines from TCM and TIM that must be avoided by pregnant women for preventing miscarriage and maintaining safety during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This review uses data from official reports from the respective government and national and international electronic databases for analysis. Although TCM and TIM have their own characteristics of treatment, they also have some similarities in concept and treatment, especially those related to herbal medicines. This review can be used as a reference base to help pregnant women consume herbal medicines at appropriate conditions and doses.

Drug interactions for elderly with respiratory disorders and times of covid-19: a systematic scoping review / Interacciones farmacológicas para ancianos con enfermedades respiratorias y tiempos de covid-19: una revisión sistemática del alcance

Background: The elderly people have high morbimortality associated with respiratory disorders, in addition to the presence of other safety risk factors, such as the use of potentially inappropriate medication and the occurrence of drug interactions. Objective: Considering the current pandemic scenario, it was intended to identify explicit criteria-based tools that reported drug interactions between potentially inappropriate medication and respiratory system disorders and possibly worse prognosis of COVID-19 infection. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted until February 2020. Study characteristics of explicit criteria-based tools, and potentially inappropriate medication, drug interactions, and therapeutic management, were extracted. Results: Nineteen explicit criteria-based tools were included. Nineteen drug interactions and 17 potentially inappropriate medications with concerns for three respiratory disorders (asthma, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, and respiratory failure) were identified. The most frequent pharmacological classes reported were benzodiazepines and beta-blockers. For clinical management, the tools recommend using cardioselective beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin II type I receptor blockers and benzodiazepines with a short or intermediate half-life. Conclusion: Considering the increased risk of COVID-19 infection in the elderly, drug interactions and the use of potentially inappropriate medication associated with the occurrence of adverse drug events in the respiratory system may also worsening COVID-19 infection in patients with uncontrolled respiratory disorders. Thus, it is essential to assess drug therapy in use, to identify safety risks and monitor the elderly in general and those with a worse prognosis concerning COVID-19, promoting patient safety.

Antecedentes: Los ancianos tienen alta morbimortalidad asociada a trastornos respiratorios, además de la presencia de otros factores de riesgo de seguridad, como el uso de medicación potencialmente inapropiada y la ocurrencia de interacciones medicamentosas. Objetivo: Teniendo en cuenta el escenario pandémico actual, se pretendía identificar herramientas explícitas basadas en criterios que informaran interacciones farmacológicas entre medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados y trastornos del sistema respiratorio y posiblemente un peor pronóstico de la infección por COVID-19. Métodos:Se realizó una revisión sistemática del alcance hasta febrero de 2020. Se extrajeron las características del estudio de las herramientas explícitas basadas en criterios y la medicación potencialmente inapropiada, las interacciones entre medicamentos y el manejo terapéutico. Resultados: Se incluyeron diecinueve herramientas explícitas basadas en criterios. Se identificaron diecinueve interacciones farmacológicas y 17 medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados con preocupaciones por tres trastornos respiratorios (asma, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica e insuficiencia respiratoria). Las clases farmacológicas más frecuentes comunicadas fueron las benzodiacepinas y los betabloqueantes. Para el manejo clínico, las herramientas recomiendan el uso de betabloqueantes cardioselectivos, bloqueadores de los canales de calcio, inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina y bloqueadores del receptor de angiotensina II tipo I y benzodiacepinas con una vida media corta o intermedia. Conclusión: Teniendo en cuenta el mayor riesgo de infección por COVID-19 en los ancianos, las interacciones farmacológicas y el uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados asociados con la aparición de eventos farmacológicos adversos en el sistema respiratorio también pueden empeorar la infección por COVID-19 en pacientes con trastornos respiratorios no controlados. Por tanto, es fundamental evaluar la farmacoterapia en uso, identificar los riesgos de seguridad y monitorizar a los ancianos en general y a aquellos con peor pronóstico en relación con el COVID-19, promoviendo la seguridad del paciente.

A contraindication to orthodontic and endodontic treatment: periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia

ABSTRACT Introduction: The dental pulp is completely normal in teeth with periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. However, orthodontic and endodontic treatments are contraindicated in cases with this injury. Objective: Present some biological, clinical and imaging reasons opposing these contraindications and questioning which are the real ones impediments and the reasons for the lack of research on the disease, analyzing cases submitted to orthopedic treatment under controlled and ethically approved conditions. Conclusion: The clinician can act safely based in available knowledge and aware of the possible consequences of orthodontic movement in teeth with periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, as well as in the proper way of making a safe and definitive diagnosis.

RESUMO Introdução: A polpa dentária é completamente normal nos dentes com displasia cemento-óssea periapical. Porém, os tratamentos ortodônticos e endodônticos estão contraindicados nos casos com essa lesão. Objetivo: Apresentar algumas razões biológicas, clínicas e imagiológicas, contrapondo-se essas contraindicações e questionando quais seriam os reais impedimentos e os motivos da falta de pesquisa sobre a doença, analisando casuísticas submetidas ao tratamento ortodôntico sob condições controladas e eticamente aprovadas. Conclusão: O clínico pode agir de forma segura embasado no conhecimento disponível e consciente das possíveis consequências da movimentação ortodôntica nos dentes com displasia cemento-óssea periapical, bem como na forma adequada de se fazer o diagnóstico seguro e definitivo da doença.

Transcutaneous pacing: a life saviour

 Doukky Rand colleagues acknowledged that Transcutaneous Cardiac Pacing is a temporary method of pacing which may be indicated in patients with symptoms of severe or hemodynamically unstable bradyarrhythmias. It is found to be extremely helpful in patients with reversible or transient conditions, such as digoxin toxicity and in atrioventricular block in the case of inferior wall myocardial infarction, or when transvenous pacing is not available or there are high chances of complications. Widened QRS complex indicates successful attempt followed by a distinct ST segment and broad T wave. The hemodynamic response to pacing is to be confirmed by the assessment of patient’s arterial pulse waveforms. Trancutaneous pacing is a boon to manage and treat intra op dangerous bradycardia.

Technical Specification (Draft) for Clinical External Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Gels / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Based on the data mining of clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) gels, and combined with the actual clinical application and related experimental research, the technical specification (draft) for clinical application of TCM gels was formed after repeated demonstration by experts from the external treatment branch. This technical specification (draft) includes indications, contraindications, pre-medication evaluation, preparation before medication, preparation of gels, clinical application methods of gels, frequency of administration, period of treatment, evaluation after medication, matters needing attention, adverse reactions and countermeasures. The purpose of this paper is to standardize the clinical application of TCM gels, improve the curative effect of this preparation, and reduce its adverse reactions.

Technical Specification (Draft) for Clinical External Application of Acupoint Application Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Based on the data mining of the clinical application of acupoint application therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), combined with the clinical practice and modern research on acupoint application, the technical specification (draft) of clinical application of acupoint application therapy of TCM was formed after repeated demonstration by experts from the external treatment branch. It includes clinical indications, contraindications, pre-medication evaluation, pretreatment before medication, acupoint application method, dosage, frequency, time, precautions, adverse reactions and countermeasures, etc. This paper is expected to standardize the application of acupoint application therapy of TCM, improve its curative effect and reduce the adverse reactions.

National expert consensus on application of phototherapy in acute and chronic wounds (2020 version) / 中华烧伤杂志

In general, different kinds of light play different roles in the treatment of wound, but the different kinds of light with similar wavelengths have some similar or the same therapeutic function. The importance of phototherapy has been gradually discovered and phototherapyhas become an important means of clinical wound treatment. At present, red light is the most widely used light in wound treatment for the outstanding effects in accelerating wound healing, alleviating pain, controlling effusion volume. Through reviewing a large number of literature and screening out high-quality evidence articles, combined with the repeated discussion of experts in the field of wound repair, the expert consensus on phototherapy in acute and chronic wounds is formulated with guiding significance, which can provide scientific and standardized application guidance for light treatment in wound repair.

National expert consensus on application of enriched platelet products in wound repair (2020 version) / 中华烧伤杂志

Wound biotherapy, represented by platelet concentrate derivatives, has attracted much attention. However, there are some different viewpoints due to the disunity of quality control of preparation, the ways of use, and so on. The members of the consensus writing group reviewed a large number of literatures, screened out high-quality evidence references, combined with the repeated discussion of experts in the field of wound repair to form a guiding consensus of experts, so as to guide medical personnel using enriched platelet treatment scientifically and standardly in wound repair.

Primum non nocere - Are chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine safe prophylactic/treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19)?

ABSTRACT Chloroquine (CQ) and its analog hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were recently included in several clinical trials as potential prophylactic and therapeutic options for SARS-COV-2 infection/covid-19. However, drug effectiveness in preventing, treating, or slowing the progression of the disease is still unknown. Despite some initial promising in vitro results, rigorous pre-clinical animal studies and randomized clinical trials have not been performed yet. On the other hand, while the potential effectiveness of CQ/HCQ is, at best, hypothetical, their side effects are factual and most worrisome, particularly when considering vulnerable groups of patients being treated with these drugs. in this comment, we briefly explain the possible mechanisms of action of CQ/HCQ for treating other diseases, possible actions against covid-19, and their potent side effects, in order to reinforce the necessity of evaluating the benefit-risk balance when widely prescribing these drugs for SARS-COV-2 infection/covid-19. We conclude by strongly recommending against their indiscriminate use.

Método Pilates: benefí­cios e aplicabilidade para melhorar a qualidade de vida / Pilates method: benefits and applicability to improve the quality of life

O método Pilates de condicionamento corporal foi criado por Joseph H. Pilates, que transmitiu os benefícios de um equilíbrio perfeito entre corpo e mente, e chamou de Contrologia, coordenação completa do corpo, da mente e do espírito. Utilizando princípios específicos para promover a integração entre eles, que são a concentração, centro de força (power house), fluidez, precisão, respiração e controle dos movimentos. Como o número de praticantes do método Pilates tem aumentado muito nas últimas décadas demonstra a necessidade de evidências científicas sobre os benefícios desse método. Sendo assim, este artigo teve como objetivo geral verificar através de um levantamento bibliográfico no qual foram realizadas buscas sistematizadas em três bases de dados eletrônicas (Lilacs, Scielo e Google Acadêmico). Os termos de busca utilizados nas bases foram Pilates, método Pilates, indicações do método Pilates e contraindicações do método Pilates. Dentre os resultados, verificou-se que o método Pilates é utilizado como recurso para condicionamento físico e mental em diversas áreas da saúde, e os estudos analisados evidenciaram a eficácia do método Pilates como ferramenta na prevenção, promoção, reabilitação e melhora da qualidade de vida das pessoas que o praticam. (AU)

The Pilates method of body conditioning was created by Joseph H. Pilates, who conveyed the benefits of a perfect balance between body and mind, and called Contrology, complete coordination of body, mind and spirit. Using specific principles to promote integration between them, they are concentration, power house, fluidity, precision, breathing and movement control. Since the number of Pilates practitioners has increased greatly in the last decades, scientific evidence on the benefits of the Pilates method is needed. Therefore, this article had as general objective to verify through a bibliographic survey carried out in three electronic databases (Lilacs, Scielo and Academic Google). The search terms used in the bases were Pilates, Pilates method, Pilates method indications and contraindications of the Pilates method. Among the results it was verified that the Pilates method is used as a resource for physical and mental conditioning in several areas of health and the studies analyzed demonstrated the effectiveness of the Pilates method as a tool in prevention, promotion, rehabilitation and improvement of people's quality of life who practice it. (AU)