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Since Curcumae Radix decoction pieces have multiple sources, it is difficult to distinguish depending on traditional cha-racters, and the mixed use of multi-source Curcumae Radix will affect its clinical efficacy. Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose was used in this study to quickly identify and analyze the odor components of 40 batches of Curcumae Radix samples from Sichuan, Zhejiang, and Guangxi. Based on the odor fingerprints established for Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of multiple sources, the odor components was identified and analyzed, and the chromatographic peaks were processed and analyzed to establish a rapid identification method. Principal component analysis(PCA), discriminant factor analysis(DFA), and soft independent modeling cluster analysis(SIMCA) were constructed for verification. At the same time, one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) combined with variable importance in projection(VIP) was employed to screen out the odor components with P<0.05 and VIP>1, and 13 odor components such as β-caryophyllene and limonene were hypothesized as the odor differential markers of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of diffe-rent sources. The results showed that Heracles Neo ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose can well analyze the odor characteristics and rapidly and accurately discriminate Curcumae Radix decoction pieces of different sources. It can be applied to the quality control(e.g., online detection) in the production of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces. This study provides a new method and idea for the rapid identification and quality control of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Electronic Nose , China , Plant Roots/chemistry , Limonene/analysis , Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidABSTRACT
Post-stroke depression， a common mental complication after stroke， seriously affects the quality of life and even endangers the life safety of patients. It is difficult to be cured due to the complex and diverse pathogenesis. At present， the widely accepted pathogenesis mechanisms include inflammatory mechanism， neurotransmitter mechanism， and endocrine mechanism. According to the theory of Chinese medicine， Qi stagnation， blood stasis， and phlegm turbidity lead to the occurrence of mental diseases after stroke. Curcumae Radix， as a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine， can activate blood circulation for relieving pain， regulate Qi， and relieve depression. The summary of the medication rules of DENG Tie-tao， ZHANG Xue-wen and other Chinese medical physicians showcases that Curcumae Radix is frequently used in the clinical treatment of depression， stroke， and post-stroke depression. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Curcumae Radix contains β-sitosterol， curdione， curcumin and other medicinal ingredients. This study reviewed the pharmacological effects of effective components in Curcumae Radix and the pharmacological mechanism in the treatment of post-stroke depression and summarized the processing methods of Curcumae Radix， aiming to clarify the important role and determine the optimal processing method of Curcumae Radix in the treatment of post-stroke depression. The results indicate that Curcumae Radix has the effects of regulating neurotransmitters， inhibiting neuroinflammation， protecting neurons， regulating neuroendocrine and antithrombosis， which can prevent and treat post-stroke depression through multiple components， targets， and pathways. The wine-processed Curcuma longa has the best effect.
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Curcuma kwangsiensis root tuber is a widely used genuine medicinal material in Guangxi, with the main active components of terpenoids and curcumins. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation to relieve pain, moving Qi to relieve depression, clearing heart and cooling blood, promoting gallbladder function and anti-icterus. Modern research has proved its functions in liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, blood lipid reduction and immunosuppression. Considering the research progress of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and the core concept of quality marker(Q-marker), we predicted the Q-markers of C. kwangsiensis root tubers from plant phylogeny, chemical component specificity, traditional pharmacodynamic properties, new pharmacodynamic uses, chemical component measurability, processing methods, compatibility, and components migrating to blood. Curcumin, curcumol, curcumadiol, curcumenol, curdione, germacrone, and β-elemene may be the possible Q-markers. Based on the predicted Q-markers, the mechanisms of the liver-protecting and anti-tumor activities of C. kwangsiensis root tubers were analyzed. AKT1, IL6, EGFR, and STAT3 were identified as the key targets, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism pathway, cancer pathway, and hepatitis B pathway were the major involved pathways. This review provides a basis for the quality evaluation and product development of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and gives insights into the research on Chinese medicinal materials.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Curcuma/chemistry , Liver , Neoplasms , Terpenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Derived from Curcuma plants, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, Curcumae Rhizoma, Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum, and Curcumae Radix are common blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals in clinical practice, which are mainly used to treat amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, chest impediment and heart pain, and rheumatic arthralgia caused by blood stasis block. According to modern research, the typical components in medicinals derived from Curcuma plants, like curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, curdione, germacrone, curcumol, and β-elemene, have the activities of hemorheology improvement, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-thrombosis, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-fibrosis, thereby activating blood and resolving stasis. However, due to the difference in origin, medicinal part, processing, and other aspects, the efficacy and clinical application are different. The efficacy-related substances behind the difference have not yet been systematically studied. Thus, focusing on the efficacy-related substances, this study reviewed the background, efficacy and clinical application, efficacy-related substances, and "prediction-identification-verification" research method of blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals derived from Curcuma plants, which is expected to lay a theoretical basis for the future research on the "similarities and differences" of such medicinals based on integrated evidence chain and to guide the scientific and rational application of them in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Curcuma , Curcumin , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Plant Roots , Platelet Aggregation , RhizomeABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the grading standard of <italic>Curcuma phaeocaulis</italic> seed rhizoma，and explore the effect of seed rhizoma classification on the growth，yield and quality of <italic>C. phaeocaulis</italic>. Method:The purity，diameter，weight，length，germination rate and water content of <italic>C. phaeocaulis</italic> seed rhizoma samples were determined. The grading index was determined by partial correlation analysis，variance analysis and cluster analysis. According to actual conditions of production，the classification standard of<italic> C. phaeocaulis</italic> seed rhizoma was established. Then the field experiments were carried out with different grades of seed rhizoma for treatment， so as to analyze the effect of seed rhizoma grade on plant growth，yield and quality of medicinal materials. Result:With seed rhizoma diameter and seed rhizoma weight as classification indexes，<italic>C. phaeocaulis</italic> seed rhizoma were divided into three grades. The field experiments showed that with the growth and development of <italic>C. phaeocaulis</italic>，there were significant differences in plant height and leaf length among different grades of seed rhizoma during the root tuber expansion period （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The yield of Curcumae Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma produced by different grades of seed rhizoma was in the order of first-class ginger>second-class ginger>third-class ginger>substandard seed rhizoma. According to the analysis of the proportion of the commodity grade of medicinal materials，the higher the grade of seed rhizoma was，the higher the proportion of the first-grade Curcumae Radix occupied. According to the analysis of the quality of medicinal materials，there was no significant difference in the content of extract，volatile oil and germanone in Curcumae Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma produced by different grades of seed rhizoma. Conclusion:The grading standard of seed rhizoma was established based on the systematic study on the classification method of <italic>C. phaeocaulis</italic> seed rhizoma. According to the field experiment， grading planting of seed rhizoma can promote plant growth and development，increase the yield of medicinal materials，and improve the proportion of first-grade medicinal materials， with no impact on the internal quality of medicinal materials. Therefore， classification of <italic>C. phaeocaulis</italic> seed rhizoma is scientific and necessary，and can lay the foundation for the standardized cultivation of <italic>C. phaeocaulis</italic>.
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OBJECTIVE：To study the analgesic effects of 4 sources of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces （Curcuma wenyujin ， C. kwangsiensis ，C. phaeocaulis and C. longa ），and compare the contents of curcumenol in their water extracts. METHODS ： Using aspirin as positive control ，acetic acid writhing method was used to investigate the effects of 4 sources of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces water extract on writhing latency and times of writhing in mice. The moisture contents of 4 sources of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces （10 batches of each source ，the same below ）were determined according to the drying method in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （part Ⅳ）. The yield of water extract in 4 sources of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces were investigated by hot dipping method ，the contents of curcumenol in water extract of 4 sources of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces were determined by HPLC ，and comparison was conducted. RESULTS ：Compared with model group ，aspirin and water extracts of 4 sources of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces could significantly prolong the writhing latency of model mice ，and the water extracts of C. wenyujin and C. phaeocaulis could significantly reduce the writhing times of model mice （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. For C. wenyujin ，C. kwangsiensis ，C. phaeocaulis and C. longa ，the contents of moisture were 7.39％-8.80％，7.88％-9.88％，7.66％- 10.5468/ogs.2019.62.6.382 9.86％ and 7.68％-10.20％；the average yield of water extract were 46.30％，60.40％，38.65％，42.99％；the average contents of curcumenol in water extract were 0.271，0.066，0.310，0.058 mg/g. Except for a few batches ，the higher the yield of water extract，the higher the content of curcuminol in the same source of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces. CONCLUSIONS ：Four sources of Curcumae Radix decoction pieces have analgesic effect. The contents of curcumenol in C. wenyujin and C. phaeocaulis were similar ，and the contents of curcumenol in C. kwangsiensis and C. longa about 1/5 of that in C. phaeocaulis and C. wenyujin .
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Objective: To summarize the prescription rules of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating alcoholic liver disease (ALD) based on TCM inheritance support system (V2.50). Methods: The literatures about TCM prescriptions for treating ALD were collected from CNKI, Wanfang database, and VIP database. The TCM inheritance platform system was used to analyze the prescription rules of TCM in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Results: Statistics showed that the majority of prescriptions were used to treat alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis. Through "frequency statistics" analysis, 107 prescriptions were found involving 149 flavors of TCM, with a cumulative frequency of 1 195 times. Twenty-three Chinese medicines with a frequency of ≥ 15 times were used, and the cumulative frequency was 737 times (62%). The most frequently used medicines were blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs, water-diffusing and damp-permeating drugs, tonics, heat-clearing drugs, antialcoholic poisons and qi-regulating drugs. The commonly used doses of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Poria cocos, Bupleurum chinense, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Atractylodes macrocephala, Alismatis Rhizoma, and Curcumae Radix in the top 10 medicines ranked in the frequency of medication accorded with the prescribed doses in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2015 edition), while Crataegi Fructus, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, and Puerariae Lobatae Radix exceeded the prescribed doses. In the frequency analysis of drug pairs, the combination of S.miltiorrhiza and B. chinense was the most widely used. According to the association rules of drug combination, the correlation between Curcumae Radix and S. miltiorrhiza was the strongest, that was, the probability of S. miltiorrhiza appearing with the emergence of Curcumae Radix was 88%. From the network display chart, it was indicated that S. miltiorrhiza and P. cocos were the main herbs for treatment. Through unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering algorithm, 14 core combinations for new clustering were extracted, and seven new prescriptions can be obtained by further clustering. Conclusion: The basic principles of TCM treatment of ALD include promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, removing dampness, tonifying, detoxifying alcohol, and promoting qi, and with "protecting spleen and stomach function" as its purpose, which accords with the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine in treating alcoholic liver disease. Core combinations and new prescriptions provide references for clinical drug use and new drug research and development, but new prescriptions must be further evaluated with the combination of traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical practice.
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The commodity specification and grade of Curcumae Radix is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of medicinal materials. It is the basis for realizing the "price according to quality" of medicinal materials, and plays an extremely important role in regulating the market transactions and ensuring the clinical efficacy of Curcumae Radix. This paper makes a textual research on the historical evolution of the commodity specification and grade of Curcumae Radix, and sorts out the current status of the standard. At the same time, it investigates the current status of the market and origin of Curcumae Radix. It was found that the traditional classification and the quality of Curcumae Radix were mainly classified according to the indicators of origin and shape, color and other traits; In the "76 kinds of medicinal materials commodity specification standards" and "Chinese medicinal materials commodity specifications (225 kinds)", Curcumae Radix is mainly graded by traditional traits indicators, and the grading index is single; At present, Curcumae Radix is in a spontaneously grading market, and the market classification is not uniform; Curcumae Radix of origin are sold to major pharmaceutical markets and pharmaceutical factories in a unified way without grading of origin. Therefore, based on the results of the research and investigation of the specification and grade, it is proposed to improve and upgrade the specification and grade of Curcumae Radix in order to promote the formation of high-quality and high-priced trading systems. And at the same time to provide reference for the formulation of national or industrial standards for commodity specification and grade of Curcumae Radix.
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Objective::To study the quality of Curcumae Radix from different areas, in order to screen out excellent provenances to improve the overall quality and stability of Curcumae Radix. Method::The volatile oil, alcohol extract, germacrone, germacr-1(10)-ene-5, 8-dione and curcumin were selected as comprehensive evaluation indicators to determine the content of five main components in 50 samples of Curcumae Radix from different areas. Cluster analysis was made for Curcumae Radix from different areas of Guangxi, and the fusion models of GRA(grey correlation degree) and TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) of Curcumae Radix were established. Result::The results of cluster analysis indicated that 50 samples from different areas could be divided into four categories. The fusion models of GRA and TOPSIS were based on relative closeness γi as the index to comprehensively evaluated the quality of Curcumae Radix. Samples No. YL-2, YL-5, YL-1, YL-4 were screened out as excellent samples. The average relative closeness γi was ranked as follows: Yulin>Pingnan>Hengxian>Xingye>Zhaoqing>Qingtang>Zhongshan>Qinzhou>Guigang>Lingshan. Conclusion::The multiple attribute decision making analysis gray correlation degree and TOPSIS fusion models are used to optimize the quality evaluation of Curcumae Radix. The method is simple, objective and comprehensive, which can be promoted and provide a reference for the screening of high-quality provenance.
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The chemical constituents and action targets of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix were screened by network pharmacological method,and the mechanism of the combination of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix in the treatment of epilepsy was analyzed. All chemical constituents of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix were retrieved by TCMSP,and their action targets were screened. Component target PPI network was constructed. Epilepsy-related genes were retrieved from PharmGkb database,and PPI networks of disease targets were drawn by Cytoscape software. Cytoscape software was used to merge the network,screen the core network,and further analyze the gene GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment,which was verified by experimental research. One hundred and five chemical constituents of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and 222 chemical constituents of Curcumae Radix were retrieved. Nineteen compounds were selected as candidate compounds according to OB and DL values. Among them,4 chemical constituents of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and 15 chemical constituents of Curcumae Radix were found. A total of 88 target proteins were retrieved by retrieving TCMSP data,and PPI network was constructed. Through PharmGkb database,29 epilepsy-related genes were retrieved and disease target network was established. Cytoscape software and plug-ins were used for network merging and core network screening,and 69 genes were screened out. Through GO function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis,the mechanism of anti-epilepsy is related to prolactin signaling pathway,HTLV-Ⅰ infection signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway and herpes simplex infection signaling pathway. Further experimental verification showed that the serum prolactin level in epileptic rats was significantly increased. The neurons in hippocampal CA1 area degenerated,necrotized and lost 24 hours after epileptic seizure,and some neuron interstitial edema occurred. The possible mechanism of compatibility of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix is related to serum prolactin level,MAPK signaling pathway,HTLV-Ⅰ infection and herpes simplex infection. The analysis may be related to viral encephalitis caused by HTLV-Ⅰ virus and herpes simplex infection,which damages nerve cells and causes seizures.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Acorus , Chemistry , CA1 Region, Hippocampal , Pathology , Curcuma , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Epilepsy , Drug Therapy , Hippocampus , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Rhizome , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective:To establish the gray relational analysis for quality evaluation of the samples of Curcumae Radix introduced in Zhongshan. Method:With volatile oil and curcumin as Q-markers,and alcohol extract,germacrone,germacr-1(10)-ene-5,8-dione and curcumin as comprehensive evaluation index, the contents of the four main components in 72 samples of Curcumae Radix of 3 different varieties introduced in Zhongshan from 3 different regions were determined. The grey relational method was used to build the gray correlation evaluation model for Curcumae Radix introduced in Zhongshan. Result:The relative correlation degree (γi) of 72 samples was between 0.262 and 0.697,in which γi was above 0.450 for 10 samples,and below 0.300 for 37 samples,indicating great differences in the quality of Curcumae Radix after introduction. The γi was 0.697 and 0.525 respectively for No.MY-W-4 and No.MY-W-1 from Curcumae Radix in Mayu with the best quality. The average values of γi for the samples of 3 different varieties from 3 different regions were between 0.281 and 0.420,and Mayu samples had the maximum average value,indicating that Mayu samples had the highest overall quality of,and could be introduced as excellent resources. Conclusion:The evaluation method combined with GRA method and multi-index quantification was simple,objective and comprehensive, and could be used to evaluate the quality of Curcumae Radix introduced in Zhongshan,so as to provide references for screening high-quality provenance.
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Curcuma Radix is a kind of multi-base crude drug, which is originated from Curcuma genus same as Curcuma longa, Curcumae Rhizoma, and Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum. There are original overlapping parts among them, but in the part of medicine and the processing method are different. In the traditional efficacy, the flavors of them are both spice and bitter, with the same effects of moving qi and activating blood flow, they also have their own characteristics and efficacy tendency. Therefore, it is of special significance to establish the quality evaluation method and quality control system which can reflect the common characteristics and the differences between Curcumae Radix and its near-source species. On the basis of combing the traditional literatures and summing up the modern research reports, according to the concept and core theory of quality marker of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper puts forward the research ideas and methods about characteristics of components based on “origin-processing-medicinal parts” and component validity based on “medicinal efficacy-medicinal property-new clinical use” to predict and analyze the quality marker of Curcumae Radix.
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Objective: To establish an HPLC method for fingerprint analysis of Xintongtai Granules (XG) for its quality control. Methods: The chromatographic behaviors were obtained by a Phenomenext Luna C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution using 0.1% formic acid solution-methanol as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 280 nm, the volume flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The samples of 10 batches of XG were determined, and the chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system of Chinese medicine (2012 edition) was used to establish the common pattern of XG fingerprints, and the similarity was calculated. Then the common peaks were identified by the reference chromatogram. Results: HPLC fingerprints of XG were established by the determination of 10 batches of samples. The similarity was above 0.95. A total of 26 common peaks were calibrated. Three mutual peaks (No. 21, 22, 26 peaks) were from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, eight mutual peaks (No. 4—10, 16 peaks) were from Puerariae Lobatae Radix, seven mutual peaks (No. 13, 15, 17—20, 23 peaks) were from Aurantii Fructus, No. 12 peak was from Chuanxiong Rhizoma, No. 14 peaks was from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, No. 1 peak was shared by Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, No. 2 peaks was shared by Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix, and Crataegi Fructus, No. 3 peaks was shared by Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix, No. 11 peaks was shared by Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Curcumae Radix, the No. 24 peaks was shared by Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Aurantii Fructus, and No. 25 peaks was shared by Curcumae Radix and Aurantii Fructus. The common peaks were all assigned to each medicinal material and identified by reference chromatograms: No. 7, 12, 22, and 26 peaks were puerarin, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid B, and tanshinone IIA. Conclusion: The similarity results of 10 batches of samples indicate that the particle preparation process is stable and feasible, and the established HPLC fingerprint method is stable and reliable. It can be used to measure the stability of XG production process and the controllability of finished product quality.
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Curcumae Longae Rhizoma,Curcumae Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma are different medicinal parts of the same plant.Nevertheless,they are different in medicinal effects due to the different Chinese herbal nature. In this study,traditional Chinese medicines database( TCMD2009),traditional Chinese medicine system( TCMSP),and Ch EMBL database were retrieved to screen the active components and targets,and construct the target PPI network. By a graph theoretic clustering algorithm identifying protein complex algorithm( IPCA),the protein modules were identified and analyzed by gene ontology( GO) enrichment. A comparative study of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix illustrate that Curcumae Longae Rhizoma regulates blood coagulation through P2 RY12,GNG2 and other genes to exert the analgesic effect. Curcumae Radix regulates lipid metabolism,plasma lipoprotein particle levels,platelet activation,response to oxidative stress,apoptotic process through LDLR,APOB,PRKCA,SOD1,TP53 and other genes to perform a function in clearing the heart and cooling the blood. A comparative study of Curcumae Radix and Curcumae Rhizoma demonstrate that Curcumae Rhizoma on regulates the nervous system by GRIA2,GRIA4 and other genes to exert blood-breaking effect; Curcumae Radix regulates lipid metabolism,plasma lipoprotein particle levels,platelet activation,response to oxidative stress,apoptotic process by genes such as CALM1,LPL,APOB,SOD1 and TP53 to play the role of clearing heart and cooling blood. Cluster analysis of the protein interaction network of the nature combination is helpful to explain the intrinsic link between the nature combination and efficacy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Curcuma , Chemistry , Databases, Pharmaceutical , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Lipid Metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Oxidative Stress , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Research , Rhizome , ChemistryABSTRACT
As one of the three pillars of Chinese medicine industry, traditional Chinese medicines prepared in ready-to-use forms are important raw materials for clinical medication and production of Chinese patent drugs. By considering the literature of Curcumae Radix, a multi-source Chinese herb and the situation of market investigation, the modern evaluation method based on traditional grading was introduced for comprehensive evaluation of the processed Curcumae Radix. The correlation between traditional grading method and modern evaluation index was explored to establish the grading standard of Curcumae Radix. According to the comprehensive evaluation, Curcumae Radix was divided into four grades: superior, first, second and third grades under the guidance of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. This study provides a new idea for the grading of multi-source processed Chinese medicine, achieving high quality and good price, which is helpful to improve the clinical efficacy.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plant RootsABSTRACT
Curcumae Radix, Curcumae Rhizoma, and Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum all are genuine medicinal materials. The main processing methods of Curcumae Radix are frying, wine, vinegar, and steaming. The main processing methods of Curcumae Rhizoma are wine, vinegar, and steaming; The main processing methods of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum is cutting process. At present, the three mainly chemical compositions are oil of zedoary turmeric, curdione, elemene, and curcuminoids, and the three main active ingredients are volatile oil and curcumin. Curcumae Radix has many pharmacologic activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, ease pain, relieve fever, anti-oxidant, and anti-thrombosis. The pharmacologic activities of Curcumae Rhizoma are antitumor, anti-mutagenesis, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, ease pain, anti-thrombosis, and strengthen immunity. There are many pharmacologic effects of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-early pregnancy, and terminal pregnancy. The results of clinical study showed that all three kinds of pieces had antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-thrombotic effects. The processing history and the modern research development of Curcumae Radix, Curcumae Rhizoma, and Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum were reviewed in this study, which provided reference and basis for the research of the processing.
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Curcumae Radix is not only a kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but also a common natural dyestuff. It has the effects of activating blood, relieving pain, moving qi for relieving depression, clearing heart and cooling blood, and curing jaundice. The commonly used processing methods are cutting, stir frying, stir-frying with vinegar, and stir-frying with wine. As the basis of TCM clinical treatment, the correct selection and the quality of the processed products are directly related to the safety and effectiveness of the clinical medication of TCM. On the basis of a comprehensive consulting, sorting and analyzing of the ancient and modern medical literatures, this paper summarizes the historic successive changes and current status in studies on quality evaluation methods of Curcumae Radix, which provides the necessary reference and scientific basis for the standardization of Curcumae Radix.
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To screen the target for the treatment of depression of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix using the pharmacological method of network pharmacology, in order to define the mechanism of antidepressant effect. Pharmacological data (TCMSP) of forall of chemical constituents of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix through traditional Chinese medicine system (TCMSP) was retrieved to screen the target sites, and construct the component target PPI network. PharmGkb database was retrieved for the genes associated with depression, and the disease target was mapped using the Cytoscape software. The Cytoscape software was used to merge the network and filter the core network, and further analyze the gene GO function and the KEGG pathway enrichment. There were 62 nodes and 87 connections on the target PPI network. The PPI network had 1 289 nodes and 17 714 connections. After the network merged, the component-target-disease network had 1 337 nodes and 17 801 connections. Through screening the core network, there were 63 nodes and 935 connections, which represented the complex interaction between the components and the target. Gene GO functional analysis suggested that biological processes, molecular functions and cell components were involved. Gene KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed associations with misfolded protein, secretory hormone secretion, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. The possible mechanism for treating depression is the adjustment of wrong folding protein, sex hormone secretion and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.
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In this study, an analytical method based on ultraviolet spectroscopy was established for the rapid determination of nine components including isophorone, 4-methylene-isophorone, curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone, furanodienone, curcumol and germacrone in the first extraction process of Xingnaojing injection. 166 distillate samples of Gardeniae Fructus and Radix Curcumae were collected in the first extraction process of Xingnaojing injection. The ultraviolet spectra of these samples were collected, and the contents of the nine components in these samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Least squares support vector machine and radial basis function artificial neural network were used to establish the multivariate calibration models between the ultraviolet spectra and the contents of the nine components. The results showed that the established ultraviolet spectrum analysis method can determine the contents of the nine components in the distillates accurately, with root mean square error of prediction of 0.068, 0.147, 0.215, 0.319, 1.01, 1.27, 0.764, 0.147, 0.610 mg•L⁻¹, respectively. This proposed method is a rapid, simple and low-cost tool for the monitoring and endpoint determination of the extraction process of Xingnaojing injection to reduce quality defects and variations.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of combined decoctions of alismatis rhizoma and curcumae radix and rehmanniae radix praeparata on the decoction amount of acteoside in rehmanniae radix praeparata,and provide reference for studying the effec-tive ingredients of three-drug effect. METHODS:Single decoction-1(rehmanniae radix praeparata 20 g),single decoction-2(alis-matis rhizoma 20 g),single decoction-3(curcumae radix 20 g),combined decoction-1(rehmanniae radix praeparata 20 g,alisma-tis rhizoma 20 g),combined decoction-2(rehmanniae radix praeparata 20 g,curcumae radix 20 g),combined decoction-3(alisma-tis rhizoma 20 g,curcumae radix 20 g)and combined decoction-4(rehmanniae radix praeparata 20 g,alismatis rhizoma 20 g,cur-cumae radix 20 g)were respectively taken to prepare dry extracts after extracting by refluxing,HPLC was used to detect the acteo-side content and calculate its decoction amount in sample. RESULTS:The decoction amounts of acteoside in single decoction-1, combined decoction-1,combined decoction-2 and combined decoction-4 dry extracts were 0.0354,0.0223,0.0228,0.0110 mg/g,respectively. Compared with single decoction-1 group,the last 3 groups had statistical significances(P<0.01);combined decoc-tion-4 showed lowest decoction amount in three-drug combined decoction group. Acteoside was not detected in the negative control groups(single decoction-2,single decoction-3 and combined decoction-3). CONCLUSIONS:The decoction amount of acteoside is reduced when alismatis rhizoma,curcumae radix and rehmanniae radix praeparata were decocted together,indicating that it may not be the main ingredient of playing effects in three-drug combined decoction liquid.