Caracterização fitossanitária do componente arbóreo marginalde um trecho de linha férrea no município de Três Barras, SC / Phytosanitary characterization of the marginal arboreal componentof the railway line in the municipality of Três Barras, SC

As condições fitossanitárias de plantas arbóreas podem ser utilizadas para caracterizar comunidades vegetais, indicando condições de qualidade estrutural do componente vegetal. Assim, ambientes alterados antropicamente podem representar uma ameaça à fitossanidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi averiguar as características fitossanitárias do componente arbóreo em um trecho de 400 metros de extensão ao longo da linha férrea localizada no município de Três Barras, estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram registradas 33 espécies arbóreas, 29 gêneros e 19 famílias. Os índices ecológicos avaliados foram a abundância, densidade, riqueza e equabilidade. Foram avaliados 190 indivíduos em relação a qualidade da copa, grau de infestação de cipós e sanidade da árvore. Embora a qualidade da copa e a sanidade sejam majoritariamente boas, houve um relativo alto número de infestação de cipós. Tal ocorrência pode ser devido à condição de borda em que as plantas se encontram. Os bons índices ecológicos aliados ao baixo número de espécies arbóreas exóticas também indicam boas condições ecológicas e de fitossanidade local. Contudo, são necessários mais estudos (p. ex. florísticos e fitossociológicos) na área. A arborização urbana das proximidades aliada à formação de corredores ecológicos que liguem os fragmentos à Floresta Nacional de Três Barras pode ser uma medida de conservação e regeneração a ser explorada.

Phytosanitary conditions of tree plants can be used to characterize plant communities, indicating structural quality conditions of the plant component. Thus, anthropically altered environments may pose a threat to plant health. The objective of this study was to investigate the phytosanitary and ecological condition of the tree component in a stretch of 400 meters along the railway line located in the municipality of Três Barras, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Thirty-three tree species were recorded, in addition to 54 taxonomically unidentified individuals. The ecological indices evaluated were abundance, density, richness and evenness. 190 individuals were evaluated in terms of crown quality, Abstract degree of liana infestation and tree health. Although canopy quality and health are mostly good, there was a relatively high number of vine infestations. Such an occurrence may be due to the edge condition in which the plants are located. The good ecological indices combined with the low number of exotic tree species also indicate good ecological conditions and local plant health. However, more studies are needed in the area. Urban afforestation, combined with the formation of ecological corridors that connect the fragments to the Três Barras National Forest, can be a conservation and regeneration measure to be explored.

Study on the policy implementation effect of serious Illness medical insurance in the ethnic minority autonomous area of Western China

Objective: To evaluate the implementation effect of serious illness medical insurance in Guang Xi Zhuang Autonomous Region of western China. Study design: Through the collection of 2017-2021 Guang Xi serious illness medical insurance specific policy making such as fund usage, serious illness compensation, medical expenses data, and data analysis of a serious illness medical insurance effect. Method: Literature research, Policy text analysis, quantitative data collection method, using Excel and SPSS 19.0 data descriptive statistical analysis and comparative analysis. Results: Serious illness medical insurance has had some effect, e.g., from 2017 to 2021, the utilization rate of serious illness medical insurance fund in Guang Xi was 109.49% and 103.87% respectively, the fund balance rate was -9.45% and -8.54% respectively, and the accumulated balance was -2.3871 million CNY and -70.7955 million CNY. Conclusion: The serious illness medical insurance has reduced the burden of large medical expenses of patients to a certain extent, but the fund is under too much pressure, and there is a payment deficit. The coverage and security of serious illness medical insurance need to be expanded and strengthened, and the cooperation mechanism with commercial insurance institutions should be gradually explored to improve the serious illness medical insurance.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la implementación de seguros médicos para enfermedades graves en la Región Autónoma Guang Xi Zhuang, al oeste de China. Diseño del estudio: a través de la recopilación de pólizas de seguro médico específicas para enfermedades graves de la región de Guang Xi entre 2017-2021, como por ejemplo: uso de fondos, compensación por enfermedades graves, datos de gastos médicos y análisis de datos del efecto de seguros médicos para enfermedades graves. Método: investigación de literatura, análisis de textos de políticas públicas, metodología de recolección de datos cuantitativos utilizando Excel y SPSS 19.0, análisis estadístico descriptivo de datos y análisis comparativo. Resultados: el seguro médico para enfermedades graves ha demostrado tener efectos, tales como: entre 2017 y 2021, la tasa de utilización de fondos de seguros médicos para enfermedades graves en Guang Xi fue de 109,49 % y 103,87 % respectivamente, las tasas de saldo del fondo fue de -9,45 % y -8,54 % respectivamente y el saldo acumulado fue de -2,3871 millones de CNY y -70,7955 millones de CNY. Conclusión: El seguro médico para enfermedades graves ha reducido en cierta medida la carga de los grandes gastos médicos de los pacientes, pero al existir un déficit de pagos está bajo demasiada presión. Por ello, es necesario ampliar y fortalecer la cobertura y seguridad del seguro médico para enfermedades graves, y explorar gradualmente mecanismos de cooperación con instituciones de seguros comerciales.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da implementação de seguro médico para doenças graves na Região Autônoma de Guang Xi Zhuang da China Ocidental. Desenho do Estudo: Através da coleta de políticas específicas de seguro médico para doenças graves de Guang Xi 2017-2021, uso de fundos, compensação por doenças graves, dados de despesas médicas e análise de dados de um efeito de seguro médico para doenças graves. Método: Pesquisa na literatura, análise do texto da política, método de coleta de dados quantitativos usando Excel e SPSS 19.0, análise estatística descritiva de dados e análise comparativa. Resultados: Seguro médico de doenças graves teve um certo efeito. Em 2017 e 2021, a taxa de utilização do fundo de seguro médico para doenças graves em Guang Xi foi 109,49% e 103,87% respectivamente, a taxa de saldo do fundo foi -9,45% e -8,54% respectivamente e o saldo acumulado foi -2,3871 milhões de yuans e -70,7955 milhões de yuans. Conclusão: O seguro médico para doenças graves reduziu o ônus de grandes despesas médicas dos pacientes até certo ponto mas o fundo está sob demasiada pressão e há um déficit de pagamentos. A cobertura e segurança do seguro médico de doenças graves necessitam ser expandidas e fortalecidas, e o mecanismo de cooperação com instituições de seguros comerciais deve ser gradualmente explorado para melhorar o seguro médico para doenças graves.

Study on Analgesic Effects of Combined Thoracic Paravertebral Block Anesthesia or Erector Spinae Plane Block with Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Endoscopic Esophagectomy: A Clinical Anatomical Approach

SUMMARY: The application effect of transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) combined with thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) or erector spinae plane block (ESP) under ultrasound guidance in endoscopic radical resection of esophageal cancer under general anesthesia was studied. From March 2021 to February 2022, patients who underwent endoscopic radical resection of esophageal cancer in our hospital were selected as the research object, and 90 patients were selected as the samples. Patients were divided into groupA and group B according to the difference of blocking schemes. Group A received ESP and Group B received TPVB. The dosage of sufentanil, nerve block time, awakening time and extubation time of the two groups were counted. The postoperative pain, sedation effect, sleep satisfaction and analgesia satisfaction of the two groups were compared, and the complications of the two groups were observed. The nerve block time and extubation time in group A were shorter than those in group B (P0.05). At T2, T3 and T4, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of group A at rest and cough were significantly lower than those of group B (P0.05). The satisfaction of sleep and analgesia in group A was higher than that in group B (P0.05). The analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided TAPB combined with ESP is better than that of ultrasound-guided TAPB combined with TPVB, and it can shorten the time of nerve block and extubation, which is worth popularizing.

Se estudió el efecto de la aplicación del bloqueo del plano transverso del abdomen (TAPB) combinado con el bloqueo paravertebral torácico (TPVB) o el bloqueo del plano del erector de la columna (ESP) bajo guía ecográfica en la resección radical endoscópica del cáncer de esófago bajo anestesia general. Desde marzo de 2021 hasta febrero de 2022, en nuestro hospital, se seleccionaron como objeto de investigación pacientes sometidos a resección radical endoscópica de cáncer de esófago, y como muestra se seleccionaron 90 pacientes. Los pacientes se dividieron en el grupo A y el grupo B según la diferencia de esquemas de bloqueo. El grupo A recibió ESP y el grupo B recibió TPVB. Se contaron la dosis de sufentanilo, el tiempo de bloqueo nervioso, el tiempo de despertar y el tiempo de extubación de los dos grupos. Se compararon el dolor posoperatorio, el efecto de la sedación, la satisfacción del sueño y la satisfacción de la analgesia de los dos grupos y se observaron las complicaciones de los dos grupos. El tiempo de bloqueo nervioso y el tiempo de extubación en el grupo A fueron más cortos que los del grupo B (P0,05). En T2, T3 y T4, las puntuaciones de la escala visual analógica (EVA) del grupo A en repo- so y tos fueron significativamente más bajas que las del grupo B (P 0,05). La satisfacción del sueño y la analgesia en el grupo A fue mayor que en el grupo B (P0,05). El efecto analgésico de la TAPB guiada por ecografía combinada con ESP es mejor que el de la TAPB guiada por ecografía combinada con TPVB, y puede acortar el tiempo de bloqueo nervioso y extubación, lo que vale la pena popularizar.

An R Script to Estimate Which and How Many Landmarks Represent the Most Variable Parts of an Object

SUMMARY: The study of the shape variation in geometric morphometrics has an important limitation known as the Pinocchio effect. The Pinocchio effect produces artifactual variances of the landmarks and implies that it is not possible to know the morphological change structure of an object, other than by dividing the landmark sets and then comparing them. This, however, involves making prior assumptions about the pattern of variation of an object. In this study, we provide a code in R to iterate over a complete set of landmarks and test all possible combinations of landmarks until deliver those landmarks associated with the largest to the smallest morphological changes. We tested this on a sample of 28 landmarks in 143 3D models of human skulls. The results indicated that this process can result in a pooled variance of a subset of landmarks that is an order of magnitude larger than that of several other regions of the skull. This method makes it possible to describe the pattern of variation of any 2D or 3D object represented by fixed landmarks, to distinguish the shape features that have more morphological dispersion, and to avoid any aprioristic assumptions about how the morphological changes of an object behave.

El estudio de la variación de la forma en morfometría geométrica tiene una limitación importante conocida como efecto Pinocho. El efecto Pinocho produce variaciones artefactos de los puntos de referencia e implica que no es posible conocer la estructura del cambio morfológico de un objeto, salvo dividiendo los conjuntos de puntos de referencia y luego comparándolos. Sin embargo, esto implica hacer suposiciones previas sobre el patrón de variación de un objeto. En este estudio, proporcionamos un código en R para iterar sobre un conjunto completo de puntos de referencia y probar todas las combinaciones posibles de puntos de referencia hasta entregar aquellos puntos de referencia asociados con los cambios morfológicos más grandes a los más pequeños. Probamos esto en una muestra de 28 puntos de referencia en 143 modelos 3D de cráneos humanos. Los resultados indicaron que este proceso puede dar como resultado una variación combinada de un subconjunto de puntos de referencia que es un orden de magnitud mayor que el de varias otras regiones del cráneo. Este método permite describir el patrón de variación de cualquier objeto 2D o 3D representado por puntos de referencia fijos, distinguir las características de forma que tienen más dispersión morfológica y evitar suposiciones apriorísticas sobre cómo se comportan los cambios morfológicos de un objeto.

The visual and instrumental analyses of different single-shade resin composites / Análisis visual e instrumental de diferentes resinas compuestas omnicromáticas

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color adaptation of single-shade resin composites applied to different tooth shades. A total of 108 class III preparations (n=6) were performed on the acrylic denture maxillary incisors (2mm depth and 2mm height). 5 single-shade resin composites (Vittra APS Unique, Omnichroma, ZenChroma, Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Universal, Charisma Topaz One) and 1 multishade resin composite (Estelite Asteria) were placed in the cavities and polished. I performed visual and instrumental color analyses. The CIEDE2000 formula was used to assess the shade differences (ΔE) between teeth and restorations. The obtained ΔE values were recorded and statistically analyzed. For the instrumental analysis, ZenChroma in A1 shade groups showed statistically significant higher differences (p<0.05). Among all tested materials, A3 shade groups showed lower ΔE values (p<0.05). For the visual analysis, there were no significant differences between materials and scores in A1 and A3 shade groups (p>0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the materials and the scores in A2 shade groups (p<0.05). As a result of this study, it was concluded that, making esthetic restorations with single-shade resin composites promises proper color adaptation, but their properties still need improvement. Single-shade resin composites can reduce chair-time and technical sensitivity with good color matching.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adaptación del color de resinas compuestas omnicromáticas. Se realizaron un total de 108 preparaciones de clase III (n=6) en los incisivos superiores de prótesis acrílicas (2mm de profundidad y 2mm de altura). Se colocaron cinco resinas compuestas omnicromáticas (Vittra APS Unique, Omnichroma, ZenChroma, Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Universal, Charisma Topaz One), además de una resina multitono (Estelite Asteria) en las cavidades y se pulieron. Se realizó el análisis de color visual e instrumental. Se utilizó la fórmula CIEDE2000 para evaluar las diferencias de tono (ΔE) entre dientes y restauraciones. Los valores de ΔE obtenidos se registraron y analizaron estadísticamente. Para el análisis instrumental, ZenChroma en los grupos de color A1 mostró diferencias mayores estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05). Entre todos los materiales probados, los grupos de tonos A3 mostraron valores de ΔE más bajos (p<0.05). Para el análisis visual, no hubo diferencias significativas entre materiales y puntuaciones en los grupos de color A1 y A3 (p>0,05). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los materiales y las puntuaciones en los grupos de color A2 (p<0,05). Como resultado de este estudio, se concluyó que la realización de restauraciones estéticas con resinas compuestas omnicromáticas promueve una adecuada adaptación del color, pero aún necesitan mejorar sus propiedades. Las resinas compuetas omnicromáticas pueden reducir el tiempo de atención clínica y la sensibilidad técnica con una adecuada combinación de colores.

Complicaciones perianales causadas por agentes modeladores inyectados en glúteos / Perianal complications caused by gluteal injection of modeling agents

En este reporte presentamos tres pacientes en quienes ocurrieron condiciones inflamatorias perianales tardías, luego de la administración de sustancias modeladoras no identificadas en los glúteos. El diagnóstico inicial y supuesto no fue correcto, ya que no se investigó durante la evaluación preliminar el antecedente de la administración de elementos modeladores. Recomendamos que los pacientes con patologías inflamatorias del ano, sobre todo aquellos cuyo curso es extraño, se les pregunte acerca de la administración de agentes modeladores en los glúteos. Esta práctica puede contribuir a la eficacia del diagnóstico de manifestaciones perianales caracterizadas por flogosis, que se presentan de forma inusual. (AU)

In this report we present three patients in which late perianal inflammatory conditions occurred after administration of unidentified modeling agents to the buttocks. The initial diagnosis was not correct because of the administration of modeling agents was not investigated during the initial eval-uation. We recommend inquiring patients with inflammatory pathologies of the anus, especially those whose course is unusual, about the adminis-tration of modeling agents to the buttocks. This approach can contribute to the efficiency of the diagnosis of perianal complaints characterized by inflammation, but rare in its appearance. (AU)

Modulación por Passiflora edulis de triglicéridos y colesterol intracelulares en líneas celulares de cáncer colorrectal SW480 y sus derivadas metastásicas (SW620) / Modulation by Passiflora edulis of intracellular triglycerides and cholesterol in SW480 col orectal cancer cell lines and their metastatic derivatives (SW620)

Cancer cells modify lipid metabolism to proliferate, Passiflora edulis ( P. edulis ) fruit juice (ZuFru) has antitumor activity, but whether a mechanism is through modulation of cell lipids is unknown. T o establish if ZuFru modifies cholesterol and triglycerides in SW480 and SW620. ZuFru composition was studied by phytochemical march; antiproliferative activity by sulforhodamine B, cholesterol , and triglycerides by Folch method. Z ufru contains anthocyanins, flavonoids, alkaloids , and tannins. Cell lines showed differences in their growth rate ( p =0.049). At 39.6 µg/m L of ZuFru, cell viability was decreased: SW480 (45.6%) and SW620 (45.1%). In SW480, cholesterol (44.6%) and triglycerides (46.5%) decreased; In SW620, cholesterol decreased 14.8% and triglycerides increased 7%, with significant differences for both lines. A ntiproliferative activity of ZuFru could be associated with the inhibition of intracellular biosynthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides in SW480. Action mechanisms need to be further investigated.

Las células cancerosas modifican el metabolismo lipídico para proliferar; el zumo de fruta (ZuFru) de Passiflora edulis ( P. edulis ) tiene activida d antitumoral, sin embargo, se desconoce si se involucran los lípidos celulares. E stablecer si ZuFru modifica colesterol y triglicéridos en células SW480 y SW620. C omposición del ZuFru, actividad antiproliferativa, colesterol y triglicéridos. Se encontraro n antocianinas, flavonoides, alcaloides y taninos. Las líneas celulares mostraron diferencias en su tasa de crecimiento ( p =0 . 049); ZuFru 39,6 µg/ml se disminuyó la viabilidad celular; SW480 (45,6%) y SW620 (45,1%); en SW480 colesterol (44,6%) y triglicérid os (46,5%) en SW620, colesterol (14,8%) y los triglicéridos aumentaron 7%, con diferencias significativas para ambas líneas. La actividad antiproliferativa del ZuFru podría estar asociada a la inhibición de la biosíntesis intracelular de colesterol y de tr iglicéridos en SW480, pero no en SW620. Estos mecanismos de acción deben ser fuertemente investigados.

Isolation and biocontrol of bacteriophages from wastewater in the city of Lomé, Togo: potential application as a novel source for antimicrobial therapy

Background: Bacteriophages offer one of the most promising solutions to the challenges of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. The aim of this study is to investigate bacteriophages as a source of new antimicrobial therapy. Methodology: Waste water samples were randomly collected from 8 different locations in the city of Lomé for bacteriophage isolation. The phages were isolated using multi-resistant clinical isolates (Escherichia coli 1642 and Staphylococcus aureus 0868) as hosts by means of a spot test. The host range of the phages was determined also by a spot test using 8 other clinical bacterial isolates including two reference strains (E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 29213). The virulence of the phages and their effects on bacterial growth were assessed by in vitro experiments using E. coli 1642 BBec phage suspension. Results: Isolation of phages by the spot test was positive only with the host E. coli 1642. A reduced host range was observed with the other bacteria. The BBec phage suspension showed a titer of 1.6 x 107 PFU/ml. Virulence studies revealed a latency time of less than 10 minutes, a degree of absorption of 87% and a burst size of 63 PFU/cell. The effect of BBec phage suspension on E. coli 1642 showed an almost total reduction in the population of E. coli 1642 after 4 hours. Conclusion: This study provided scientific data showing the antibacterial effect of a phage suspension (BBec) on a multi-resistant clinical isolate of E. coli 1642. This phage could therefore be explored as a candidate for the development of new antibacterial therapies.

Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. (Arecaceae) seedling recruitment at the edge and interior of Cerrado remnants

Abstract The edge effect has impacts on seed and seedling survival due to modifications in biotic and abiotic factors. Often, large-seeded tree species lost seed vectors in the forest edge due to the rarity or absence of large frugivores at this habitat type. In this study, I compared the seedling abundance and distribution of the palm Syagrus flexuosa between edges and interiors of three large Cerrado remnants. In every remnant, the number of seedlings around parent palms in the edge was smaller than around palm individuals located in the Cerrado interior. Moreover, the distribution of seedlings around parent palms differed between edges and interiors. In the edges, most seedlings were found under parent crowns, while in the interiors, the contrary occurred. The high concentration of seedlings under parent palms suggests a decrease of seed dispersal at the edges. Because S. flexuosa is a widely distributed palm that serves as an important resource for several animals along Cerrado habitats, changes on the regeneration process of this palm due to edge effects can further impact frugivore populations. Therefore, the decline of seedling establishment along forest edges implies changes in the Cerrado regeneration dynamics, which may compromise the persistence of ecological processes and animal communities.

Resumo O efeito de borda tem impactos severos na sobrevivência de sementes e plântulas devido a modificações dos fatores bióticos e abióticos. Frequentemente, espécies arbóreas com sementes grandes perdem seus dispersores na borda da floresta devido à raridade ou ausência de grandes frugívoros neste tipo de habitat. Neste estudo, comparei a abundância e distribuição de plântulas de S. flexuosa entre bordas e interiores de três grandes remanescentes de Cerrado. Em cada remanescente, o número de plântulas ao redor das palmeiras-mãe, na borda, era menor do que ao redor dos indivíduos no interior do Cerrado. Nas bordas, a maioria das plântulas foi encontrada junto às plantas mãe, enquanto no interior ocorreu o contrário. A alta concentração de plântulas sob as plantas adultas sugere diminuição da dispersão de sementes nas bordas. Como S. flexuosa é uma palmeira amplamente distribuída que serve como um recurso importante para vários animais nos habitats do Cerrado, mudanças no processo de regeneração dessa palmeira devido aos efeitos de borda podem impactar ainda mais as populações de frugívoros. Portanto, o declínio do estabelecimento de plântulas ao longo das bordas do Cerrado implica em mudanças na dinâmica de regeneração do Cerrado, o que pode comprometer a persistência de processos ecológicos e comunidades animais.

Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. (Arecaceae) seedling recruitment at the edge and interior of Cerrado remnants / Recrutamento de plântulas em Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. (Arecaceae), na borda e interior de remanescentes de Cerrado

The edge effect has impacts on seed and seedling survival due to modifications in biotic and abiotic factors. Often, large-seeded tree species lost seed vectors in the forest edge due to the rarity or absence of large frugivores at this habitat type. In this study, I compared the seedling abundance and distribution of the palm Syagrus flexuosa between edges and interiors of three large Cerrado remnants. In every remnant, the number of seedlings around parent palms in the edge was smaller than around palm individuals located in the Cerrado interior. Moreover, the distribution of seedlings around parent palms differed between edges and interiors. In the edges, most seedlings were found under parent crowns, while in the interiors, the contrary occurred. The high concentration of seedlings under parent palms suggests a decrease of seed dispersal at the edges. Because S. flexuosa is a widely distributed palm that serves as an important resource for several animals along Cerrado habitats, changes on the regeneration process of this palm due to edge effects can further impact frugivore populations. Therefore, the decline of seedling establishment along forest edges implies changes in the Cerrado regeneration dynamics, which may compromise the persistence of ecological processes and animal communities.

O efeito de borda tem impactos severos na sobrevivência de sementes e plântulas devido a modificações dos fatores bióticos e abióticos. Frequentemente, espécies arbóreas com sementes grandes perdem seus dispersores na borda da floresta devido à raridade ou ausência de grandes frugívoros neste tipo de habitat. Neste estudo, comparei a abundância e distribuição de plântulas de S. flexuosa entre bordas e interiores de três grandes remanescentes de Cerrado. Em cada remanescente, o número de plântulas ao redor das palmeiras-mãe, na borda, era menor do que ao redor dos indivíduos no interior do Cerrado. Nas bordas, a maioria das plântulas foi encontrada junto às plantas mãe, enquanto no interior ocorreu o contrário. A alta concentração de plântulas sob as plantas adultas sugere diminuição da dispersão de sementes nas bordas. Como S. flexuosa é uma palmeira amplamente distribuída que serve como um recurso importante para vários animais nos habitats do Cerrado, mudanças no processo de regeneração dessa palmeira devido aos efeitos de borda podem impactar ainda mais as populações de frugívoros. Portanto, o declínio do estabelecimento de plântulas ao longo das bordas do Cerrado implica em mudanças na dinâmica de regeneração do Cerrado, o que pode comprometer a persistência de processos ecológicos e comunidades animais.

Total Saponins in Paridis Rhizoma： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Paridis Rhizoma possesses the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying， alleviating swelling and relieving pain， cooling the liver and calming the convulsion. Saponins are the main active components of Paridis Rhizoma. Studies have shown that total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma have obvious inhibitory effect on solid tumors such as breast cancer， lung cancer， gastric cancer， and liver cancer and non-solid tumors such as leukemia. The saponins may exert the anti-tumor effects by inhibiting the proliferation， migration， and invasion of tumor cells， regulating cell cycle， inducing apoptotic and non-apoptotic death pathways， and regulating metabolism and tumor microenvironment. Furthermore， total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma showed anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， antimicrobial， hemostatic， and uterus-contracting activities. At the same time， they may induce apoptosis of normal cells， inflammation and oxidative stress， and metabolic disorders. In recent years， the reports of liver injury， reproductive injury， gastrointestinal injury， hemolysis， and other adverse reactions caused by total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma have been increasing. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that there are significant differences in the metabolism of total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma administrated in different ways. Injection has a fast clearance rate， while oral administration may have hepatoenteric circulation. Meanwhile， due to the low solubility and activation of P-glycoprotein （P-gp） molecular pump， the prototype absorption， intestinal permeability， and recovery rate of total saponins in Paridis Rhizoma are poor， which affects the bioavailability. The bioavailability can be improved to some extent by preparing new dosage forms or new drug delivery systems with advanced technology. This paper reviews the pharmacological effect， pharmacokinetics， and adverse reactions of Rhizoma Paridis total saponins by searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP， and Web of Science with ''Rhizoma Paridis total saponins'' as the keywords， hoping to provide references for the research， development， and clinical application of such components.

Exploration of Spectrum-effect Relationship of Zhuriheng Dropping Pills Against Macrophage Foaming Based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThrough the correlation analysis between intestinal absorption profile and inhibition of macrophage foaming， the pharmacodynamic components of Zhuriheng dripping pills（ZRH） were explored to provide a basis for establishing its quality standard. MethodIntestinal absorption fluids with 0， 5， 10， 15， 20 times clinical equivalent doses were prepared by a rat everted gut sac（EGS）， and the oxidized low density lipoprotein（ox-LDL）-induced RAW264.7 macrophage foaming model was used to investigate the effect of intestinal absorption fluid with different doses on the accumulation of lipids in RAW264.7 cells by oil red O staining and cholesterol content determination， and to screen for the optimal dose. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used to analyze and identify intestinal absorption fractions of ZRH intestinal absorption fluids， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were performed on different doses of ZRH intestinal absorption fluids using SIMCA 13.0 with peak area as the independent variable and the pharmacodynamic indicators as the dependent variables to screen the compounds with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1.0 as contributing components， and Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the spectral effect relationship， determined the compounds and positive correlation with pharmacodynamic were as active ingredients. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding energy of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα）， PPARγ， PPARβ， human retinoid X receptor α（RXRA） and nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB） with the active ingredients in ZRH intestinal absorption fluids. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was performed to detect the mRNA levels of PPARγ， scavenger receptor A1（SRA1） and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1（ABCA1） in RAW264.7 cells， Westen blot was used to detect the expression level of PPARγ protein in RAW264.7 cells， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of interleukin（IL）-1β and NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells. ResultAccording to the results of oil red O staining and cholesterol content determination， the ZRH intestinal absorption fluids could significantly reduce macrophage foaming， and intestinal absorption fluids with 15， 20 times clinical equivalent doses had the best effect， the 15-fold ZRH intestinal absorption fluid was finally determined as the study subject. Spectral effect relationship showed that 52 corresponding peaks in the ZRH-containing intestinal fluid were positively correlated with the efficacy， including organic acids， phenylpropanoids， iridoids， flavonoids， bile acids， coumarins and chromones. Target validation results showed that 86.9%-96.2% of the total components processed good binding activities with the key targets of PPARα， PPARγ， PPARβ， RXRA and NF-κB， and the docking energy values were all less than -6.0 kcal·mol-1（1 cal≈4.19 J）. The results of validation showed that， compared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant increase in the levels of SRA1 and PPARγ mRNA expression， a significant decrease in ABCA1 mRNA expression， a significant increase in the level of PPARγ protein expression， and a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β and NF-κB（P<0.01）， compared with the model group， the 15-fold intestinal absorption fluid group showed a significant decrease in the levels of SRA1 and PPARγ mRNA expression（P<0.05， P<0.01）， ABCA1 mRNA expression level was significantly up-regulated， the levels of IL-1β and NF-κB were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， and PPARγ protein expression level was significantly reduced（P<0.05）. ConclusionThis study identifies 52 components and their metabolites in ZRH intestinal absorption fluid that are positively correlated with the inhibition of macrophage foaming， which may be related to the regulation of the PPARs pathway in cells and the reduction of the levels of inflammatory factors， and can provide a reference for the quality control and clinical application of ZRH.

Stellate Ganglion Block as an Adjunctive Intervention for Chronic Subjective Tinnitus： Efficacy and Predictive Indicators / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and predictive indicators of stellate ganglion block （SGB） as an adjunctive intervention for chronic subjective tinnitus and accumulate experience for the application of SGB in the clinical treatment of tinnitus. MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on the data of chronic subjective tinnitus patients who received SGB intervention， with unsatisfactory outcomes otherwise. Pure tone audiometry （PTA）， tinnitus loudness evaluation and Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） were used. The tinnitus handicap inventory （THI） scores were compared before and after SGB intervention. Correlation analysis and linear regression equations were employed to identify the potential indicators predicting the effectiveness of SGB intervention. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 24.0 software. ResultsBy April 2023， a total of 107 patients with chronic subjective tinnitus had undergone SGB intervention， including 67 male and 40 female， with a mean age of （45.32±11.40） years old and an average tinnitus history of （20.32±24.64） months ［16 （12~20）］. Only 7 patients （6.54%） quitted the intervention for personal reasons， which demonstrated good compliance with the intervention. No patients experienced adverse reactions such as infection at the injection site， hematoma， nerve injury， local anesthetic intoxication and so on， which revealed good safety. After SGB intervention， THI scores decreased to below 36 points in 77 patients and decrease by 10 points or more in 12 of the remaining patients， with a total effective rate of 89%. A paired sample t-test showed a significant difference in THI scores before and after SGB intervention （t=15.575， P<0.001）， indicating good improvement. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that pre-intervention THI scores and subjective tinnitus loudness were significantly positively correlated with the improvement level of THI scores （P<0.05）. Further stepwise linear regression analysis found that "pre-intervention THI scores" had statistical significance （P<0.001）， with a regression coefficient of 0.308， predicting a 17.4% improvement level in THI scores. ConclusionsDue to its good and safe short-term effects， SGB intervention can be used as a supplementary option for chronic subjective tinnitus when other interventions are not ideal， especially for patients with higher THI scores. However， further research is needed to clarify the long-term efficacy and underlying mechanisms， in order to establish a more solid theoretical basis for SGB intervention in the treatment of subjective tinnitus.

Blumea balsamifera （L.） DC Oil Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Macrophages by Affecting Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Via NF-κB Nonclassical Pathway / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo study the anti-inflammatory effects of Blumea balsamifera （L.） DC oil （BBO） based on nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） nonclassical and arachidonic acid （AA） pathway. MethodsEffects of BBO on the production of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis （SRS-A） were detected by the ileal smooth muscle method. The contents of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and leukotriene B4 （LTB4） in lipopolysaccharides （LPS） -induced macrophages were detected by ELISA kit. The expression of COX-2， 5-LOX， FLAP and RelB were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was performed to detect the effects of BBO on the level of NF-κB nonclassical pathway proteins TNF receptor associated factor 3 （TRAF3）， TNF receptor associated factor 2 （TRAF2）， NF-κB-inducing kinase （NIK）， p100 and RelB. ResultsThe contractile tension of guinea pig ileum was reduced （P<0.001）， and the SRS-A production inhibition rate reached 65.34% at 1mg·mL-1 BBO concentration. Compared with LPS group， BBO reduced the concentrations of PGE2 （P<0.05） and LTB4 （P<0.05）， and decreased the expressions of COX-2 （P<0.05）， 5-LOX （P<0.05） and FLAP （P<0.05） in AA pathway at concentrations of 40-80 μg·mL-1. Moreover， 40-80 μg·mL-1 BBO decreased the concentrations of TRAF3 （P<0.05）， TRAF2 （P<0.05）， and NIK （P<0.05）， and further inhibited the phosphorylation of p100 （P<0.05）， as well as the level of the transcription factor RelB in genes （P<0.05） and proteins （P<0.05） in nonclassical NF-κB pathway， whereas BBO did not cause such changes. ConclusionBBO may potentially exert its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the regulatory proteins TRAF3 and TRAF2 and the transcription factor RelB in NF-κB nonclassical pathway. The inhibitory action extending to the induction kinase function of NIK， further hindering the phosphorylation of p100 and its binding with the transcription factor RelB. Consequently， downstream elements in the AA pathway， including the pivotal rate-limiting enzymes COX-2， 5-LOX and FLAP， were altered. This modulation influences the levels of inflammatory mediators such as PGE2 and LTB4.

Bactericidal Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles Combined with Povidone-iodine on Pathogenic Bacteria in Surgical Site Infection / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the bactericidal effect of loaded multifunctional povidoneiodine-nanometer selenium （PVP-I@Se） disinfectant on Staphylococcus aureus （SA） and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA）， and to provide an experimental basis for the reduction of surgical site infection （SSI）. MethodsThe control group was the povidone iodine （PVP-I） group with different concentrations of iodine （50， 75， 100， 200 and 400 μg/mL）. The PVP-I@Se group （experimental group） was the PVP-I group further supplemented with 2 μg/mL Selenium nanoparticles （SeNPs）. Then we compared the bactericidal effect of the two groups of disinfectant solutions on SA and MRSA by examining the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC）， minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC）， the shortest sterilization time at a concentration of 50 μg/mL iodine and the inhibition zone diameters at concentrations of 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL iodine. ResultsMIC values of PVP-I against SA and MRSA were both 79.17 μg/mL， and those of PVP-I@Se were 54.17 and 70.83 μg/mL， respectively. MBC values of PVP-I against SA and MRSA were 129.17 and 150.00 μg/mL， respectively， and those of PVP-I@Se were 70.83 and 87.50 μg/mL， respectively. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL iodine， the shortest sterilization time of PVP-I for SA and MRSA was 130 s and 140 s， respectively， and that of PVP-I@Se was 65 s and 75 s， respectively. At a concentration of 200 μg/ml iodine， the inhibition zone diameters of PVP-I for SA and MRSA were 7.67 mm and 8.33 mm， and those of PVP-I@Se were both 9.50 mm. At a concentration of 400 μg/mL iodine， the inhibition zone diameters of PVP-I for SA and MRSA were 9.00 mm and 9.33 mm， and those of PVP-I@Se were 11.67 mm and 12.00 mm， respectively. ConclusionsPVP-I with different concentrations of 50， 75， 100， 200 and 400 μg/mL iodine supplemented with 2 μg/mL SeNPs have better and faster bactericidal effect on SA and MRSA. When combined with SeNPs， PVP-I can enhance the bactericidal activity against SA and MRSA， but with better sensitizing effect on SA than MRSA and higher demand of iodine concentration （400 μg/mL） for sensitizing effect on MRSA. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting optimal concentration and action time of the disinfectant， thus reducing SSI.

Exploration of molecular mechanism of Selaginella moelledorffii Hieron. in treatment of laryngeal cancer based on network-based pharmacology, molecular docking techniques and experimental validation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the molecular mechanism of Selaginella moelledorffii Hieron. in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. Methods According to the relevant literature reports, the chemical constituents of S. moellendorffii were obtained, and the active ingredients were screened out through the SwissADME database, and the targets were screened through the PharmMapper database. The laryngeal cancer-related targets were collected by searching OMIM and other databases, and the Venny 2.1.0 online platform was used to obtain the intersection of the two. Protein interaction analysis of the potential targets was performed using the STRNG platform. GO functional analysis and KEGG pathway analysis was carried out using DAVID database. Visual networks were built with Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. Molecular docking was validated by SYBYL-X 2. 0 software. MTT method, Hoechst 33258 staining method and Western blotting were also used for validation. Results At the molecular level, a total of 110 active ingredients of S. moellendorffii and 82 drug targets were screened out, 1,608 targets related to laryngeal cancer, and intersection of 34 targets. GO analysis yielded 135 entries, and KEGG analysis yielded a total of 61 pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the 11 key active ingredients such as 2", 3"-dihydrooch-naflavone wood flavonoids and 4 core target proteins such as MAPK1 had 95. 5% of good docking activity. At the cellular level, SM-BFRE was screened for its strongest inhibitory effect on laryngeal cancer cell proliferation through MTT assay. Furthermore, Hoechst 33258 staining showed that the decrease in Hep-2 cell viability produced by SM-BFRE was related to cell apoptosis. Finally, Western blot verified that SM-BFRE inhibited PI3K/Akt/NF through inhibition- K B/COX-2 pathway to induce apoptosis in laryngeal cancer cells. Conclusions To sum up, it fully reflects the multicomponent, multi-target, and multi-channel synergistic effect of S. moellendorffii in the treatment of laryngeal cancer, and provides a theoretical reference for further elucidation of the mechanism of action of S. moellendorffii in the treatment of laryngeal cancer.

Exploring mechanism of hypolipidemic effect of total Ligustrum robustum (Roxb. ) Blume on hyperlipidemic golden hamsters based on intestinal flora / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of the total phenylpropanoid glycosides extracted from Ligustrum robustum (Roxb.) Blume (LRTPG) on hyperlipidemic golden hamsters and explore its regulatory effect on intestinal flora. Methods Sixty hamsters were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a positive drug group, LRTPG-L group, LRTPG-M group, and LRTPG-H group. After the successful induction of the model by high-fat diet, the animals were continuously administered for four weeks, and their blood lipids and liver lipids were detected. The formed feces from the colorectal region of the hamsters in the control group, model group and LRTPG-H group were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Results LRTPG reduced serum TG, TC, LDL-C and liver TG, TC concentrations significantly in hyperlipidemic hamsters. The results of the intestinal microbiota sequencing showed that compared to the control group, LRTPG significantly decreased the relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and increased the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia (P < 0.01) at the phylum level. At the family level, LRTPG significantly increased the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae, Peptococcaceae, and Verrucomicrobiaceae (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). At the genus level, LRTPG significantly increased the relative abundance of Oscillospira, Oscillibacter, Flavonifractor and Akkermansiaceae (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These changes in the flora were beneficial to the hypolipidemic effect of LRTPG. Conclusion LRTPG may exert its hypolipidemic effect by improving the intestinal flora disorder caused by a high-fat diet in golden hamsters.

Study on the synergistic effect and mechanism of curcumin combined with zerumbone on the biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer cells / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the synergistic effect and mechanism of curcumin （CUR） combined with zerumbone （ZER） on the biological behavior of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） A549 cells. METHODS CCK-8 method and Gin’s formula were used to screen the optimal concentration combination for synergistic effect after the combination of CUR and ZER. The cells were divided into blank group， CUR group， ZER group， and CUR+ZER group. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis， and clone formation experiment was used to evaluate cell proliferation ability， scratch experiment and Transwell migration experiment were used to evaluate cell migration ability， and Transwell invasion experiment was used to evaluate cell invasion ability. Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expressions of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （p- PI3K）， phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt）， and vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A）. RESULTS The half inhibitory concentrations of CUR and ZER on A549 cells were approximately 16 and 12 μmol/L， respectively； the drug combination of CUR 8 μmol/L+ZER 6 μmol/L had the highest efficiency enhancement index， with the cell proliferation inhibition rate of （77.41±4.16）%， indicating the most significant synergistic effect. Compared with the CUR and ZER groups， the cell apoptosis rate in the CUR+ZER group was significantly increased （P＜0.01）， while the cell clone formation rate， cell migration rate， the number of migrating cells， the number of invading cells， and relative expression levels of p-PI3K， p-Akt， and VEGF-A proteins in the cells were significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CUR and ZER has a synergistic effect， significantly promoting the apoptosis of NSCLC cells， and inhibiting cell proliferation， migration， and invasion. Its potential mechanism may be closely related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， thereby down-regulating the protein expression of VEGF-A.

Research progress on roles and mechanisms of DNA hydroxymethylation in health effects induced by arsenic exposure / 环境与职业医学

Arsenic, a naturally occurring metal-like chemical element, is one of the 10 chemicals of major public concerns listed by the World Health Organization as harmful to the environment and human health. It can enter the human body through breathing, intaking food, drinking water, skin exposure, and other ways, and long-term exposure to arsenic can cause cancer of multiple organs and impaired function of multiple systems. Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in arsenic-induced health effects, and research suggested that the carcinogenicity of arsenic may be associated with epigenetic changes. Previous studies focused on the effects of arsenic on DNA methylation modification. In recent years, research showed that 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), an intermediate of active demethylation of DNA, can act as a sensitive epigenetic mark and play a crucial role as a "bridge" between arsenic exposure and health effects. Based on the latest research progress on the role of DNA hydroxymethylation in the health effects associated with arsenic exposure, this article briefly described the relationship between the health effects of arsenic exposure and DNA hydroxymethylation, summarized the possible mechanisms of DNA hydroxymethylation in the health effects associated with arsenic exposure, and provided a scientific basis for preventing and treating the health effects associated with arsenic exposure.

Mediating role of mental fatigue between nature exposure and mental health of prison police / 环境与职业医学

Background The mental health status of prison officers is crucial to the efficiency, security, and stability of a prison, and it is essential to pay attention to the factors that influence their mental health. Objective To understand the mental health status of prison officers, and analyze how nature exposure affects their mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out from May to June 2022 among 1392 prison officers from eight prisons in a province, and a total of 1284 valid questionnaires were recovered. The Nature Exposure Scale, Mental Fatigue Scale, and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale were used to assess nature exposure, mental fatigue, and mental health indicators among prison officers, and to explore the effect of nature exposure on mental health problems and a potential mediating role of mental fatigue. Results The recruited prison officers showed high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were 59.11% (759/1284), 60.67% (779/1284),and 43.93% (564/1284), respectively. The results of correlation analysis revealed that nature exposure was negatively related with mental fatigue and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) (rs=−0.242, −0.308, −0.235, −0.254, P<0.01), while mental fatigue was positively correlated with mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress) (rs=0.546, 0.533, 0.536, P<0.01). The PROCESS macro results showed that the level of nature exposure among prison officers negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and stress (β=−0.180, −0.104, −0.123), and mental fatigue played a mediating role, with indirect effects of −0.200, −0.192, and −0.199, respectively. Conclusion The levels of depression, anxiety, and stress of prison officers are higher than those of other occupations. Nature exposure negatively associates with depression, anxiety, and stress, that is, it may directly alleviate the mental health problems of prison officers; and it may also alleviate mental health problems by relieving mental fatigue.