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Objective@#To explore the effect of Morinda citrifolia juice (MCJ) combined with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on premolar bonding strength and nanoleakage and compare the results with those of the most commonly used root canal irrigation solution, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), to provide a reference for clinical application.@*Methods@#This study was approved by the ethics review committee. Sixty-three human premolars extracted for orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into a control group (distilled water group) and 6 experimental groups according to the different rinsing solutions used after the surface enamel was removed. The experimental groups included Group A (2.5% NaClO), Group B (5.25% NaClO), Group C (6% MCJ), Group D (2.5% NaClO-17% EDTA), Group E (5.25% NaClO-17% EDTA), and Group F (6% MCJ-17% EDTA) (n = 9). After soaking in the corresponding rinsing solution for 20 minutes, they were layered and stacked on their surfaces to form 4 mm × 4 mm × 3 mm Z350 resin blocks. Six samples from each group were cut into 1 mm × 1 mm × 8 mm specimen strips for microtensile bonding strength testing. The fracture type was determined under a stereomicroscope, and the remaining 3 samples from each group were aged and cut into 1 mm thick slices for interface nanoleakage testing and scanning electron microscopy observation of the resin dentin bonding interface.@*Results@#There were significant differences in the microtensile bonding strength among the groups (P<0.05), and the control group had the highest bonding strength. Among experimental groups, Group B had the lowest bonding strength, mainly bonding interface fracture, and Group F had the highest bonding strength, mainly mixed fracture. There were significant differences in nanoleakage among all groups (P<0.05), and the control group had the lowest nanoleakage value. Among experimental groups, Group B had the highest nanoleakage, with resin protrusions being unaltered, and Group F had the lowest nanoleakage value, with resin protrusions being thick and dense.@*Conclusion@#The higher the concentration of NaClO was, the worse the bonding strength and edge sealing of the crown dentin were. The effects of root canal irrigation with MCJ and EDTA on the adhesive strength and edge sealing of crown dentin were less pronounced than those of root canal irrigation with NaClO and EDTA.
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SUMMARY: The aim of the present work was to study the closer effect of clomiphene citrate on the ultrastructure of the testis of adult albino rats to provide a basis for optimizing this drug in the treatment of male infertility. The testes were removed from both groups under anesthesia and then prepared for examination by light using hematoxylin and eosin stains and a transmission electron microscope. Semithin sections were cut into 1 µm thick sections, stained with toluidine blue, and examined by light microscopy for a survey. The desired areas were placed in the center, and other areas were trimmed. Primary spermatocytes showed marked nuclear changes (pyknosis), and their nuclear membranes were ill-defined and disrupted. The cytoplasm showed widespread degeneration of mitochondria and lysosomes and focal degeneration of the rough endoplasmic reticulum compared with the control group. The spermatids were pale, and the two phases of spermatogenesis were distinctly identifiable in the control group but were confused in the treated group. Some spermatids had interrupted nuclear membranes, also containing degenerated mitochondria, focal fragmentation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and free ribosomes. Spermatozoa in the treated group appeared deformed compared to the control, where they had deformed head caps. Leydig cells of the treated group have an irregularly shaped nucleus, with focal chromatin aggregation and peripheral chromatin condensation on the inner surface of the nuclear membrane. The observations of the present work indicate a possible causal relationship between testicular affection and ingestion of clomiphene citrate, which can be avoided by close medical observations using ultrasonography, semen analysis, or testicular biopsy to detect early malignant changes. Furthermore, the drug should not be used for more than three to six cycles and should be stopped for at least three cycles before reuse. When clomiphene citrate is ineffective in the treatment of male infertility, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) administration is typically selected. However, high-dose hMG therapy is associated with a variety of adverse effects. In this work, we report the success of a modified clomiphene citrate regimen in increasing sperm count without any hazards to the testicular tissue.
El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del citrato de clomifeno sobre la estructura de los testículos de la rata albina adulta, con la finalidad de determinar la mejor manera de utilizar este fármaco en el tratamiento de la infertilidad masculina. Los testículos se extrajeron bajo anestesia y para su análisis a través de microscopio de luz se tiñeron con HE. Además, las muestras fueron preparadas para su examen con microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Por otra parte, se cortaron secciones semifinas de 1 µm de espesor, se tiñeron con azul de toluidina y se examinaron mediante microscopía óptica. Los espermatocitos primarios mostraron cambios nucleares marcados (picnosis) y sus membranas nucleares estaban mal definidas y alteradas. En el grupo experimental las células presentaban el citoplasma con degeneración generalizada de las mitocondrias y de los lisosomas y una degeneración focal del retículo endoplásmico rugoso en comparación con el grupo control. Las espermátidas estaban pálidas y las dos fases de la espermatogénesis eran claramente identificables en el grupo control, pero se confundían en el grupo tratado. Algunas espermátidas tenían membranas nucleares interrumpidas, y también contenían mitocondrias degeneradas, fragmentación focal del retículo endoplásmico rugoso y ribosomas libres. Los espermatozoides del grupo tratado se presentaban deformados en comparación con el control. Las células de Leydig del grupo tratado presentaban un núcleo de forma irregular, con agregación focal de cromatina y condensación de cromatina periférica en la superficie interna de la membrana nuclear. Las observaciones del presente trabajo indican una posible relación causal entre la afección testicular y la ingestión de citrato de clomifeno, que puede evitarse mediante observaciones médicas minuciosas a través de ecografía, análisis de semen o biopsia testicular para detectar cambios malignos tempranos. Además, el medicamento no debiera ser usado durante más de tres a seis ciclos y debe suspenderse durante al menos tres ciclos antes de volver a usarlo. Cuando el citrato de clomifeno es ineficaz en el tratamiento de la infertilidad masculina, normalmente se selecciona la administración de gonadotropina menopáusica humana (hMG). Sin embargo, la terapia con hMG en dosis altas se asocia con una variedad de efectos adversos. En este trabajo, informamos el éxito de un régimen modificado con citrato de clomifeno para aumentar el recuento de espermatozoides sin riesgo para el tejido testicular.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Testis/drug effects , Clomiphene/pharmacology , Spermatogenesis/drug effects , Testis/ultrastructure , Microscopy, ElectronABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the whitening and abrasion effects of dentifrices containing different whitening agents on artificially stained and unstained enamel. 160 human dental enamel discs were distributed into four groups according to the type of dentifrices applied on them (n=40): Group I, non-whitening dentifrice (control group); Group II, dentifrice containing charcoal; Group III, dentifrice containing blue covarine; Group IV, dentifrice containing hydrogen peroxide. Half of the specimens in each group were immersed in coffee solution. Color measurements were evaluated from stained and unstained specimens before and after brushing by a spectrophotometer. The surface roughness of each unstained specimen was analyzed using a profilometer after the brushing and bleaching. The surface of one randomly selected specimen from each group was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis of the color change was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The one-way ANOVA was used to evaluate surface roughness. Group III provided significantly higher recovery on ΔE00 values than other groups on the unstained enamel (p<0.05). Group IV showed significantly the highest ΔE00 values on stained enamel (p<0.05) and also Group IV showed the highest surface roughness values (p<0.05), SEM revealed a more irregular surface in groups III and IV. It can be stated that dentifrice containing blue covarine is both an effective and a safe way to provide whiter teeth with routine home tooth brushing.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de blanqueamiento y abrasión de los dentífricos que contienen diferentes agentes blanqueadores en el esmalte teñido y no teñido artificialmente. Se distribuyeron 160 discos de esmalte dental humano en cuatro grupos según el tipo de dentífrico aplicado sobre ellos (n=40): Grupo I, dentífrico no blanqueador (grupo control); Grupo II, dentífrico que contiene carbón vegetal; Grupo III, dentífrico que contiene azul; Grupo IV, dentífrico que contiene peróxido de hidrógeno. La mitad de los especímenes de cada grupo se sumergieron en una solución de café. Las mediciones de color se evaluaron a partir de especímenes teñidos y no teñidos antes y después del cepillado con un espectrofotómetro. La rugosidad de la superficie de cada muestra sin teñir se analizó utilizando un perfilómetro después del cepillado y del clareamiento. La superficie de un espécimen seleccionado al azar de cada grupo se observó utilizando un microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB). El análisis estadístico del cambio de color se realizó utilizando la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Se utilizó el ANOVA para evaluar la rugosidad de la superficie. El grupo III proporcionó una recuperación significativamente mayor en los valores de ΔE00 que otros grupos en el esmalte no teñido (p<0,05). El Grupo IV mostró significativamente los valores más altos de ΔE00 en el esmalte teñido (p<0.05) y también el Grupo IV mostró los valores más altos de rugosidad superficial (p<0.05), el análisis en MEB reveló una superficie más irregular en los grupos III y IV. Se puede afirmar que el dentífrico que contiene azul es una forma efectiva y segura de proporcionar dientes más claros con el cepillado de rutina en el hogar.
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Aim To explore the mechanism of the natural phenolic compound pterostilbene(PTE)in the protection of liver ischemic/reperfusion. Methods A total of 40 C57 mice were divided into control group,model group,drug delivery group and treatment group and a 70% liver ischemic/reperfusion(ischemic 60 min)model was established,then primary LSECs were isolated by perfusion and digestion. Hepatic structural disruption was observed by HE staining. The ultrastructure of hepatic sinus endothelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The structure of LSECs fenestrae was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The expression level of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)in LSECs was detected by Western blot. Results HE staining showed that PTE protected against hepatic ischemic injury. TEM observed that PTE had a protective effect on hepatic sinus endothelial cells,and the number of LSECs fenestrae in the blank control group was larger and the number of fenestrae in the liver I/R model group was reduced. The number of LSECs fenestrae in the liver I/R model group treated with PTE increased compared with the untreated liver I/R model group. Western blot result showed that PTE was able to induce HO-1 expression in LSECs. Conclusions PTE alleviates oxidative damage of endothelial cells in mouse hepatic sinus by inducing HO-1expression,and protects the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Aim To observe the effect of Gupi Xiaoji Decoction (GPXJY) on the structure and function of mitochondria of human hepatoma cell HepG2 cells and explore its possible mechanism. Methods CCK8 was used to detect cell proliferation, Mito-Tracker Green fluorescence staining was used to observe the mitochondrial structure, flow cytometry was used to detect the membrane potential, Elisa was used to detect the ATP content, fluoroscopic electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructure changes, and high-content screening(HCS) was used to detect the related proteins. Results Fluorescence staining showed that GPXJY damaged the mitochondria of HepG2 cells and decreased the content of ATP. The results of flow cytometry showed that GPXJY could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential of HepG2 cells. The results of electron microscope showed that GPXJY made the mitochondria of cancer cells swell and so on. HCS found that GPXJY significantly reduced the average fluorescence intensity of Bcl-2 in HepG2 cells, and significantly increased the average fluorescence intensity of apoptosis promoting proteins Bax, cytochrome-c, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3, which was statistically significant. Conclusion GPXJY can regulate the structure and function of mitochondria in HepG2 cells.
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[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of 6-gingerol treatment on cognitive behavior after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIE) in neonatal mice, and to explore the protective mechanism of 6-gingerol on HIE brain injury in neonatal mice by observing the effects on neuronal survival and neural stem cell proliferation. Methods The right common carotid artery was ligated in Kunming mice (78) on the 7th day after birth and HIE model was established after 90 minutes of hypoxic treatment. 6-gingerol was injected intraperitoneally. The cognitive behavior was detected by Morris water maze test; 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to observe the changes of brain injury; The changes of synaptic structure and number were obseved by transmission electron microscopy; HE staining, Nissl staining and dihydroethidium(DHE) staining were used to observe the pathomorphological changes of hippocampus in each group; The proliferation of neural stem cells and the expression of related transcription factors were detected by immunofluorescence and Real-time PCR; The changes of Akt signal pathway were detected by Western blotting. Results 6-gingerol treatment could improve the long-term learning and memory ability, reduce the brain injury and brain edema of neonatal mice after HIE, and improve synaptic plasticity of mice after HIE. In the 6-gingerol treatment group, the disorder of hippocampal cells in the diseased side of HIE was improved, the number of necrotic cells decreased, the proliferation ability of hippocampal neural stem cells and the expression levels of nestin and sex determining region box transcription factor 2 (Sox2) related transcription factors increased significantly, and the level of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) increased. Conclusion It is found that 6-gingerol can improve the learning and memory ability of HIE mice in adulthood and reduce brain tissue injury after HIE. 6-gingerol may play a role in inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), reducing neuronal injury and upregulating the expression of Akt signal pathway, promoting the proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells, so as to provide potential drugs for the treatment of neonatal HIE.
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Objective: this double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluate the clinical performance of Thermo-Viscous Bulk Fill composite, Self-Adhesive Flowable composite, and Filtek Bulk Fill Composites restorations in Class I cavities over a period of 18 months. Material and Methods: twenty individuals between the ages of 30 and 45 participated in this research. Each patient should have at least three occlusal Class I carious lesions on their molars. They were dispersed at random, with n=20 teeth representing each tested material. Group I (Futurabond M+ and VisCalor Bulk Fill which heated in a viscolar dispenser at 68 °C for 30s and placed in a 4 mm thickness), Group II (Fusio Liquid Dentin self-adhesive composite which put in a thin layer (1mm increment)), and Group III (Single Bond Universal and Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior composite which applied in 4 mm thickness without heating). Using (USPHS) criteria, all restorations were assessed clinically at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. Using an inverse replica, the marginal seal of the investigated restorations was further evaluated under SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with Chi-square test for all USPH parameters. Results: the three tested groups recorded a one hundred percent retention rate after 18 months follow up period. Concerning marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, anatomical form, surface texture, and color matching, there was a significant difference (pË0.05) between the three tested groups after 12 & 18 months. After 12 & 18 months, SEM analysis of the marginal seal revealed a statistically significant difference between the three groups. Conclusion: Bulk fill resin composite restorations showed satisfactory acceptable clinical performance after 18 months of clinical service compared to self-adhesive flowable composites, and Viscalor Bulk Fill composite demonstrated excellent results with considerable changes in marginal integrity as a consequence of thermal viscous technology and increased adaptability of restorations toward cavity walls and margins (AU)
Objetivo: este ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego avaliou o desempenho clínico de restaurações de resina Bulk Fill Termo-Viscosa, resina autoadesiva Flowable e Filtek Bulk Fill Composites em cavidades Classe I durante um período de 18 meses. Material e Métodos: 20 indivíduos com idade entre 30 e 45 anos participaram da pesquisa. Cada paciente deveria ter pelo menos três lesões de cárie oclusais de Classe I nos molares. Eles foram divididos aleatoriamente, com n=20 dentes representando cada material testado. Grupo I (Futurabond M+ e VisCalor Bulk Fill aquecido em dispensador viscolar a 68 °C por 30s e colocado em uma espessura de 4 mm), Grupo II (resina composta autoadesiva Fusio Liquid Dentin colocada em uma camada fina (incremento de 1 mm)) e Grupo III (resina composta Single Bond Universal e Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior aplicado em espessura de 4 mm sem aquecimento). Usando os critérios (USPHS), todas as restaurações foram avaliadas clinicamente no início, 6 meses, 12 meses e 18 meses. Usando uma réplica inversa, o selamento marginal das restaurações investigadas foi avaliado em MEV. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste qui-quadrado para todos os parâmetros USPH. Resultados: os três grupos testados registraram uma taxa de retenção de cem por cento após um período de acompanhamento de 18 meses. Em relação à adaptação marginal, descoloração marginal, forma anatômica, textura da superfície e combinação de cores, houve uma diferença significativa (pË0,05) entre os três grupos testados após 12 e 18 meses. Após 12 e 18 meses, a análise SEM do selamento marginal revelou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os três grupos. Conclusão: as restaurações de resina composta Bulk Fill apresentaram desempenho clínico aceitável satisfatório após 18 meses de atendimento clínico em comparação com as resinas compostas fluidas autoadesivas, e a resina composta Viscalor Bulk Fill demonstrou excelentes resultados com mudanças consideráveis na integridade marginal, como consequência da tecnologia viscosa térmica e maior adaptabilidade de restaurações nas paredes e margens da cavidade (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Malocclusion, Angle Class IABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to remove occlusal veneers of varied thicknesses and compositions by Er:Yag laser in vitro and analyze the interfacial microstructure between veneers and tooth that irradiated by laser, by which experimental evidence could be provided to support the non-invasive removal of occlusal veneerby laser.@*METHODS@#Fresh mandibular premolars extracted for orthodontic requirements were collected for tooth preparation. Three kinds of ceramic materials (Vita Suprinity, Vita Mark Ⅱ, and Upcera Hyramic) were selected to fabricate occlusal veneer with different thicknesses (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm). One week later, Er:Yag laser (2.5 W and 3.5 W) was used to irradiate and remove the occlusal veneer and recorded the timespan. After the removal operation, the micro-morphologies of samples were examined by scanning electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#Upcera Hyramic veneer failed to be removed (>20 min); the operation span at 2.5 W, Vita Suprinity (96.0 s±16.0 s) was longer than Vita MarkⅡ(84.5 s±19.5 s) in the 1.0 mm group (P<0.05), and Vita Suprinity (246.5 s±13.5 s) was longer than Vita MarkⅡ(170.0 s±14.0 s) in the 1.5 mm group (P<0.05). At 3.5 W, Vita Suprinity (381.0 s±24.0 s) was longer than Vita MarkⅡ(341.5 s±26.5 s) in the 2.0 mm group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Increasing laser power could shorten the operation span and facilitate the removal of occlusal veneers with the same thickness and composition. The occlusal veneer was sustained when insufficient laser power was applied. With the same laser power and ceramic thickness, laser penetration could interfere with the integral of the ceramic structure when the laser interacted with the bonding layer. With the same ceramic composition and laser power, the operation span and laser power increased with the thickness of the occlusal veneer. However, the laser was incapable of removing occlusal resin veneer directly.
Subject(s)
Lasers, Solid-State , Materials Testing , Dental Porcelain/chemistry , Ceramics/chemistry , Bicuspid , Dental VeneersABSTRACT
Objective @#To observe the clearance of smear layer on the root canal wall in different action time by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and to determine the optimal amount of time using sonically activated irrigation to wash root canal in clinic. @*Methods@# Fifty-six ex vivo human anterior teeth with single straight root canal were selected. After routine mechanical preparation, they were divided into two experimental groups according to different irrigating agents: saline group and EDTA group. Each group was assisted by VDW sonic activation EDDY. The saline group was divided into three subgroups according to the irrigating time: 5 s, 30 s and 50 s; EDTA group was divided into six subgroups according to the irrigating time: 5 s, 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 40 s and 50 s. The control group did not undergo root canal irrigation. After irrigation, the root was cut longitudinally. The smear layer of crown, middle and apical of root canal wall was observed by SEM.@* Results@# After irrigating for 30 seconds, there was a significant difference between the normal saline group and the control group and the 5 second group (P<0.05), and there was no difference in the middle and apical part (P>0.05). After 50 seconds, there was a significant difference in the score of the smear layer between the apical area and the other groups (P<0.05). After irrigating for 5 seconds or 10 seconds in EDTA group, there was a significant difference between the scores of the crown and middle area of the root canal and the control group (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the apical area (P>0.05). There was a significant difference between the 20-40 second group and the first two groups (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the 50 second group and the other groups (P<0.05). Comparing the cleaning effect on the smear layer after 50 seconds of irrigating between the two experimental groups, the whole root canal showed significant statistical difference (P<0.05). @*Conclusion @#The EDTA-assisted sonic activated device used for 50 seconds has the best cleaning effect.
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Abstract This study investigated the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive to enamel/dentin; 1) that had undergone radiotherapy (RT) and 2) that were readily restored and had undergone RT. Enamel and dentin surfaces were obtained from 90 intact human molars. They were randomly divided into six groups according to the presence and timing of irradiation (RT0:no radiotherapy/control, RT1:RT before restoration, RT2:RT after restoration groups) and adhesive application modes (etch&rinse/ER, self-etch/SE)(n=15). A universal adhesive and resin composites were applied. The radiotherapy protocol was conducted with 60 Gy. The SBS test was subjected (1mm/min) and failure type analysis was performed. The resin-enamel/dentin interfaces were examined. Data were statistically analyzed. For enamel and dentin, the presence and timing of irradiation did not significantly influence the SBS values (p>0.05). For enamel, significantly higher SBS values were obtained using etch&rinse mode than self-etch mode (p<0.05). The predominant failure was mixed type. Loss of enamel prisms and obliterated irregular dentinal tubules were found for the radiotherapy-treated specimens. Resin tags were clearer in the irradiated enamel treated with ER than SE. Irradiation with different timings did not influence the bond strength to enamel and dentin, negatively. Irrespective of radiotherapy, the etch&rinse mode caused higher bond strength to enamel than self-etch mode.
Resumen Este estudio investigó la fuerza de unión al cizallamiento (SBS) de un adhesivo universal al esmalte/dentina en piezas que se habían sometido a radioterapia (RT). Se obtuvieron superficies de esmalte y dentina de 90 molares humanos intactos. Se dividieron aleatoriamente en seis grupos según la presencia y el momento de la irradiación (RT0: sin radioterapia/control, RT1: RT antes de la restauración, RT2: RT después de la restauración considerando los modos de aplicación del adhesivo (n=15). Se aplicó un adhesivo universal y resinas compuestas. El protocolo de radioterapia se realizó con 60 Gy. Se sometió a la prueba adhesiva (1mm/min) y se realizó análisis del tipo de falla. Se examinaron las interfases resina-esmalte/dentina. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. Para el esmalte y la dentina, la presencia y el momento de la irradiación no influyeron significativamente en los valores adhesivos (p>0,05). Para el esmalte, se obtuvieron valores adhesivos significativamente más altos utilizando el modo de grabado y enjuague que el modo de autograbado (p<0,05). La falla predominante fue de tipo mixto. Se encontró pérdida de prismas de esmalte y túbulos dentinarios irregulares obliterados en las muestras tratadas con radioterapia. La irradiación con diferentes tiempos no influyó negativamente en la fuerza de unión al esmalte ni a la dentina. Independientemente de la radioterapia, el modo de grabado ácido y enjuague provocó una mayor fuerza de adhesión al esmalte que el modo de autograbado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Turkey , Dental Cementum/drug effects , Head and Neck NeoplasmsABSTRACT
We report a patient who developed reactivated toxoplasmic encephalitis due to human immunodeficiency (HIV)-associated immune compromise, resulting in a breakdown of the balance between the host immunity and toxoplasma cyst. Through detailed pathological analysis, spilling of tachyzoites from the ruptured wall of toxoplasma cyst can be identified. It was also proved that Toxoplasma gondii would infect endothelial cells of blood vessels, leading to vasculitis and brain ischemic necrosis. By transmission electron microscope (TEM), apical complex of the parasite can be identified, as well as tachyzoites in rapid reproduction through fission. Rhoptry, a club-shaped specialized organelle, which is characteristic of the motile stages of Apicomplexa protozoans, was also identified. The prevention of toxoplasma infection is still an issue to be emphasized in public health. This article is special in its pathophysiology-based description of the morphology. 'Form ever follows function' is a famous quote from the architect Louis Sullivan. In this case report, we make effort to depict a pathophysiology-based or a 'form-function correlation' interpretation of the histopathological findings by light microscope, IHC and ultrastructural examination. We believe such an approach should also be included in the daily pathology resident training program.
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Background:Background and objective: One of the unfavourable outcomes of endodontic treatment is furcal perforation. Materials such as MTA-Angelus, Biodentine and Zirconomer have been recommended for the repair of furcal perforations.In this study we compared the sealing ability of MTA-Angelus, Biodentine and Zirconia-reinforced GIC in furcal perforations using dye penetration method. Material And Methods:Access cavities were prepared in extracted mandibular molars (n= 40) using round bur in a high speed hand pieceunder water coolant. Perforations were made in the centre of furcation region using 2mm round bur.The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the material used to seal the perforation: Group I(n= 12) = MTA –Angelus , Group II (n=12)= Biodentine, Group III(n=12) = Zirconomer , Group IV (n= 4) = left unsealed (negative control group).Leakage at the repaired site was then evaluated using methylene blue dye penetration technique under stereomicroscope and data was statistically analyzed.Result:Minimum dye penetration was observed in biodentine followed by MTA, Zirconomer and control group. The results was not statistically significant (p= .08). Conclusion:According to this study, biodentine showed best of the three materials used for furcation repair.
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SUMMARY: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes. Several studies have been done in a trial to protect against this problem at the ultrastructure level. This study investigates the protective effect of oral administration of Acacia senegal (AS) against the development of DN. Sixty male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, Acacia senegal control, Diabetic untreated, diabetic insulin-treated, Diabetic AS treated, and Diabetic insulin and AS combined treated groups. Plasma glucose, HbA1c, serum Albumin, creatinine, urine creatinine was measured using specific kits. Determinations of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were done. The renal tissues of both kidneys were prepared to investigate under both light (LM) and electron microscope (EM). Ultrastructure examination of renal rats tissue of diabetic untreated rats showed the destruction of the glomerular basement membrane and endothelial cells together with hemorrhage in glomerular capsules (Bowman's capsules). On the other side, both LM and EM revealed improving the endothelial cells and the other glomerular capsules structures, especially with the combined treated group, which confirmed the improvement of the biochemical investigation in the study. In conclusion, from the present study, using the oral AS together with SC insulin could be protected against the development of DN.
RESUMEN: La nefropatía diabética (ND) es la complicación más común de la diabetes. Se han realizado varios estudios de ensayo para abordar esta dificultad a nivel de ultraestructura. Este estudio investiga el efecto protector de la administración oral de Acacia senegal (AS) contra el desarrollo de la ND. Se dividieron sesenta ratas albinas machos aleatoriamente en seis grupos: control, control de Acacia senegal, diabéticos no tratados, diabéticos tratados con insulina, diabéticos tratados con AS y grupos tratados con compuesto de insulina diabética + AS. Se midieron utilizando kits específicos, glucosa plasmática, HbA1c, albúmina sérica, creatinina en sangre y en orina. Se registraron la creatinina y la presión arterial. Los tejidos renales de ambos riñones se prepararon para investigar tanto con microscopio óptico (MO) como electrónico (ME). El examen de la ultraestructura del tejido renal de ratas diabéticas no tratadas mostró la destrucción de la membrana basal glomerular y las células endoteliales junto con hemorragia en las cápsulas glomerulares (cápsulas de Bowman). Por otro lado, tanto MO como ME revelaron una mejora de las células endoteliales y las estructuras capsulares glomerulares, en el grupo tratado con el compuesto, lo que confirmó la mejora de la investigación bioquímica. En conclusión, el uso de AS oral en combinación con insulina podría proteger contra el desarrollo de ND.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control , Acacia , Gum Arabic/administration & dosage , Kidney/drug effects , Microscopy, Electron , Biomarkers , Administration, Oral , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Disease Models, Animal , Kidney/ultrastructureABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Trophoblasts perform different functions depending on their location. This study aimed to obtain structural clues about the functions of villous and extravillous trophoblasts by using light and electron microscopy. Term placenta samples were obtained from 10 healthy pregnant women following cesarean sections. Frozen sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, semi- thin sections were stained with toluidine blue and examined with a light microscope, while thin sections were contrasted using uranyl acetate-lead citrate and evaluated under an electron microscope. Fine structural features of villous trophoblasts overlapped some villous stromal cells. In addition to the usual appearance of mature capillaries in villous stroma, we demonstrated and reported maturational stages of angiogenetic sprouts in term placenta. Extravillous trophoblasts were classified according to their location: fibrinoid, chorion, trophoblastic, column, maternal vascular endothelium, or decidua. All of these trophoblasts shared some ultrastructural features but also were distinct from each other. In decidua, it was noted that the endothelial lining of some vessels was invaded by a few endovascular trophoblasts with irregular microvilli. These cells shared some ultrastructural properties with both villous trophoblasts and stromal cells. Examination showed that angiogenesis was still present in term placentas and that trophoblasts, endothelial and stromal cells have very similar properties ultrastructurally, suggesting they represent transformational forms.
RESUMEN: Los trofoblastos dependiendo de su ubicación realizan diferentes funciones. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo obtener pistas estructurales sobre las funciones de los trofoblastos vellosos y extravellosos mediante el uso de microscopía óptica y electrónica. Se obtuvieron muestras de placenta a término de 10 mujeres embarazadas sanas después de cesáreas. Las secciones congeladas se tiñeron con hematoxilina-eosina, las secciones semidelgadas se tiñeron con azul de toluidina y se examinaron con un microscopio óptico, mientras que las secciones delgadas se contrastaron con acetato de uranilo-citrato de plomo y se evaluaron con un microscopio electrónico. Las finas características estructurales de los trofoblastos vellosos se superponen a algunas células estromales vellosas. Además de la apariencia habitual de capilares maduros en el estroma velloso, demostramos e informamos etapas de maduración de brotes angiogenéticos en la placenta a término. Los trofoblastos extravellosos se clasificaron según su localización: fibrinoide, corion, trofoblástico, columna, endotelio vascular materno o decidua. Todos estos trofoblastos compartían algunas características ultraestructurales, pero también eran distintos entre sí. En decidua se observó que el revestimiento endotelial de algunos vasos estaba invadido por unos pocos trofoblastos endovasculares con microvellosidades irregulares. Estas células compartían algunas propiedades ultraestructurales tanto con los trofoblastos vellosos como con las células del estroma. El examen mostró que la angiogénesis todavía estaba presente en las placentas a término y que los trofoblastos, las células endoteliales y estromales tienen propiedades ultraestructurales muy similares, lo que sugiere que representan formas de transformación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Placenta/ultrastructure , Trophoblasts/ultrastructure , Neovascularization, Physiologic , Microscopy, ElectronABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupotomy on the morphology and ultrastructure of rectus femoris muscle in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis and to reveal the possible therapeutic mechanism involved in the effect of acupotomology on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA).@*METHODS@#Twenty-four male New Zealand rabbits aged 6 months and weighed (2.0±0.5) kg were randomly divided into blank group, model group and acupotomy group, 8 rabbits in each group. KOA model was established by modified Videman method with left hind limb extended plaster immobility for 6 weeks. In acupotomy group, the transfascial focal points of quadriceps femoris muscle were released by acupotomy under the guidance of Jingjin theory for 4 times and once a week, and the treatment points include Hedingci, Binwaixia, Binneixia. Blank group and model group were fed normally without intervention. One week after the end of the intervention, the pennation angle(PA), muscle thickness(MT), cross-sectional area(CSA) and strain ratio(SR) of rectus femoris were measured by ultrasound. HE staining was used to observe the changes of the tissue morphology, the number of muscle fibers and the average area of muscle fibers. The myofibril of rectus femoris, sarcomere and myofilament were observed by transmission electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#The PA of rectus femoris muscle in the blank group was (9.05±0.21)°. The MT was(1.09±0.09) cm and the CSA was(1.30±0.01) cm2. The PA of rectus femoris muscle in the model group was (3.06±0.15)°. The MT was (0.71±0.02) cm and the CSA was(0.77±0.02) cm2. The PA of rectus femoris muscle in the acupotomy group was (6.94±0.28)°. The MT was (0.80±0.05) cm and the CSA was(0.94±0.03) cm2. The muscle PA, MT and CSA of rectus femoris in the model group were significantly smaller than those in the blank group (P<0.05). Those in acupotomy group were significantly increased compared with those in model group (P<0.05). The SR of rectus femoris muscle was 1.19±0.02 in the blank group, 3.50±0.05 in the model group and 1.99±0.07 in the acupotomy group. The elastic SR of the model group was significantly higher than that of the blank group (P<0.05). These in acupotomy group was significantly lower than that in model group(P<0.05). The results of HE staining showed:in blank group, the fascicles of rectus femoris were arranged neatly, the number of beam of muscle fibers within the fixed visual field was 94.38±3.50 and the average CSA was(0.75±0.22) mm2. In model group, the fascicles of rectus femoris with different sizes were disorganized with a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, the number of beam of muscle fibers within the fixed visual field was 196.63±2.62 and the average CSA was(0.26±0.03) mm2. Compared to the blank group, a significant increase in the number of muscle fibers in the fixed field in the model group (P<0.05) and the average CSA decreased significantly(P<0.05). In acupotomy group, the rectus femoris fascicles in the acupotomy group tended to be arranged in a more orderly manner, with the inflammatory cells decreased, the number of beam of muscle fibers within the fixed visual field was 132.88±4.61 and the average CSA was(0.70±0.07) mm2. Compared to the model group, a significant decrease in the number of muscle fibers in the fixed field in the model group(P<0.05) and the average CSA increased significantly(P<0.05). The results of transmission electron microscope showed:compared with the blank group, the overall arrangement of the myofibrils of the rectus femoris in the model group was less structured. There was fracture between the muscle fibers and the sarcomere, the myofilaments were disordered, and the fracture of the Z line was discontinuous. Compared with the model group, the myofibrillar texture of rectus femoris in acupotomy group was clearer, and the Z line was more continuous.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the jingjin theory, the release of quadriceps femoris by acupotomy can effectively improve the morphology and structure of rectus femoris, and promote the repair and reconstruction of chronic skeletal muscle injury in rabbits with KOA, which may be one of the mechanisms of acupotomy in the treatment of KOA.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rabbits , Acupuncture Therapy , Muscle, Skeletal , Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy , Quadriceps Muscle , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To explore the application values of diatom artificial intelligence (AI) search system in the diagnosis of drowning.@*METHODS@#The liver and kidney tissues of 12 drowned corpses were taken and were performed with the diatom test, the view images were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Diatom detection and forensic expert manual identification were carried out under the thresholds of 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 of the diatom AI search system, respectively. Diatom recall rate, precision rate and image exclusion rate were used to detect and compare the efficiency of diatom AI search system.@*RESULTS@#There was no statistical difference between the number of diatoms detected in the target marked by the diatom AI search system and the number of diatoms identified manually (P>0.05); the recall rates of the diatom AI search system were statistically different under different thresholds (P<0.05); the precision rates of the diatom AI system were statistically different under different thresholds(P<0.05), and the highest precision rate was 53.15%; the image exclusion rates of the diatom AI search system were statistically different under different thresholds (P<0.05), and the highest image exclusion rate was 99.72%. For the same sample, the time taken by the diatom AI search system to identify diatoms was only 1/7 of that of manual identification.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Diatom AI search system has a good application prospect in drowning cases. Its automatic diatom search ability is equal to that of experienced forensic experts, and it can greatly reduce the workload of manual observation of images.
Subject(s)
Humans , Artificial Intelligence , Diatoms , Drowning/diagnosis , Liver , Lung , Microscopy, Electron, ScanningABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To construct a YOLOv3-based model for diatom identification in scanning electron microscope images, explore the application performance in practical cases and discuss the advantages of this model.@*METHODS@#A total of 25 000 scanning electron microscopy images were collected at 1 500× as an initial image set, and input into the YOLOv3 network to train the identification model after experts' annotation and image processing. Diatom scanning electron microscopy images of lung, liver and kidney tissues taken from 8 drowning cases were identified by this model under the threshold of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 respectively, and were also identified by experts manually. The application performance of this model was evaluated through the recognition speed, recall rate and precision rate.@*RESULTS@#The mean average precision of the model in the validation set and test set was 94.8% and 94.3%, respectively, and the average recall rate was 81.2% and 81.5%, respectively. The recognition speed of the model is more than 9 times faster than that of manual recognition. Under the threshold of 0.4, the mean recall rate and precision rate of diatoms in lung tissues were 89.6% and 87.8%, respectively. The overall recall rate in liver and kidney tissues was 100% and the precision rate was less than 5%. As the threshold increased, the recall rate in all tissues decreased and the precision rate increased. The F1 score of the model in lung tissues decreased with the increase of threshold, while the F1 score in liver and kidney tissues with the increase of threshold.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The YOLOv3-based diatom electron microscope images automatic identification model works at a rapid speed and shows high recall rates in all tissues and high precision rates in lung tissues under an appropriate threshold. The identification model greatly reduces the workload of manual recognition, and has a good application prospect.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diatoms , Drowning/diagnosis , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Microscopy, Electron, ScanningABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#Root canal therapy is the most effective and common method for pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. During the root canal preparation, chemical irrigation plays a key role. However, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the widely used irrigation fluid, may impact the bonding strength between dentin and restorative material meanwhile sterilization and dissolving. Therefore, it's important to explore the influence of NaOCl on the adhesion between dentin and restoration materials to ensure clinical efficacy. This study aims to explore the effect of NaOCl on dentine adhesion and evaluate the effect of dentine adhesion induced by sodium erythorbate (ERY), and to provide clinical guidance on dentin bonding after root canal therapy.@*METHODS@#Seventy freshly complete extracted human third molars aged 18-33 years old, without caries and restorations were selected. A diamond saw was used under running water to achieve dentine fragments which were divided into 10 groups with 14 fragments in each group: 2 control [deionized water (DW)±10% ERY] and 8 experimental groups (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY). The dentine specimens in the control group (treated with DW) and the experimental groups (treated with 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl) were immersed for 20 min using corresponding solutions which were renewed every 5 min. The other 5 groups were immersed in 10% ERY for 5 min after an initial washing with DW for 1 min. Then, we selected 4 dentine fragments from all 14 fragments in each group and the numbers and diameters of opening dentinal tubules were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The other 10 dentine fragments from each group were used to make adhesive samples by using self-etch adhesive wand composite resin. All the above adhesive samples were sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface into 20 slabs with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm×1 mm using a diamond saw under the cooling water, and then the morphology of 10 slabs in each group's bonding interface was observed from aspects of formation of resin tags, depth of tags in dentin, and formation of hybrid layer under SEM. The other 10 slabs of each group's microtensile bond strength and failure modes were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules gradually increased with the rise of concentration of NaOCl solution (all P<0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules increased after using ERY, but without significant difference (all P>0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, the scores of formation of resin tags under SEM gradually increased with the increase of concentration of NaOCl solution, while the score in the 5.25% NaOCl group decreased significantly compared with the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups (all P>0.05). The scores of length of the tags under SEM in the 5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than the scores of DW, 0.5% NaOCl, and 1% NaOCl groups (all P<0.05), and it was also higher than the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group, but without significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups (P>0.05). The scores of formation of hybrid layer under SEM in the 2.5% NaOCl and 5.25% NaOCl groups significantly decreased compared with the score of the DW group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups (all P<0.05). Microtensile bond strength was greater in the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, but lower in the 5.25% NaOCl group than that in the DW group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups (all P<0.05). The incidence of type "Adhesive" of failure modes in the 5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than that in other groups (all P<0.05), while the incidence of type "Adhesive" in the 5.25% NaOCl+10% ERY group was lower than that in the 5.25% NaOCl group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The bonding strength to dentine increases with the increase of NaOCl concentration when the concentration lower than 2.5%; whereas it is decreased at a higher concentration (such as 5.25%). 10% ERY has a definite recovery effect on attenuated bonding strength to 5.25% NaOCl-treated dentine.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Young Adult , Ascorbic Acid , Dental Bonding , Dentin , Dentin-Bonding Agents/pharmacology , Diamond/pharmacology , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Resin Cements/pharmacology , Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology , Tensile Strength , Water/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Aims@#The rise of drug-resistant infectious diseases worldwide has spurred experts' interest in developing safe and effective alternative medicine. Melaleuca cajuputi extracts have been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity in vitro against various bacterial species. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of local M. cajuputi leaf extracts (MCEs) against Candida albicans.@*Methodology and results@#Phytoconstituents of aqueous and ethanolic MCEs were screened conventionally using chemical tests. Broth microdilution assay and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to study the anti-Candida activity of the extracts. Both MCEs contained terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins. Aqueous and ethanolic MCEs showed good fungicidal activity against the tested organism with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 50 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL, respectively and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) to MIC ratio of less or equal to 2. Scanning electron micrographs revealed yeast cell surface morphology alterations when treated with both MCEs at 1× MIC.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#In conclusion, MCEs have anti-Candida properties and thus, M. cajuputi extract could be an excellent potential source of natural antimicrobial agents for disease remedies.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents , In Vitro Techniques , TreesABSTRACT
Aim: this study aimed to compare the sealing ability of two types of commercially available calcium silicate bioceramic based root canal sealers and a resin based root canal sealer. Methods: Twenty one single-rooted teeth were used, samples (n= 21) were randomly divided into three groups according to the sealer used (group A; ADSEAL, group B; Wellroot, group C; Ceraseal). Roots were then cleaved longitudinally in the labiolingual direction; all samples were then sectioned at three, six, and nine mm from the root tip. The penetration of sealers into the dentinal tubules was examined at 1000x with a scanning electron microscope. Data were tested for normality using Shapiro Wilk test. ANOVA test was used for analyzing normally distributed data followed by Bonferroni post hoc test for pair-wise comparison. Significance level p≤0.001. Results: groups B and C showed better sealing ability than group A in all the three sections. The coronal section showed higher sealing ability than the middle section followed by the apical section in the three tested groups. Conclusion: it can be concluded that both calcium silicate-based sealers had better sealing ability and higher bond strength than the resin epoxy- based sealer