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SUMMARY: The application effect of transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) combined with thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) or erector spinae plane block (ESP) under ultrasound guidance in endoscopic radical resection of esophageal cancer under general anesthesia was studied. From March 2021 to February 2022, patients who underwent endoscopic radical resection of esophageal cancer in our hospital were selected as the research object, and 90 patients were selected as the samples. Patients were divided into groupA and group B according to the difference of blocking schemes. Group A received ESP and Group B received TPVB. The dosage of sufentanil, nerve block time, awakening time and extubation time of the two groups were counted. The postoperative pain, sedation effect, sleep satisfaction and analgesia satisfaction of the two groups were compared, and the complications of the two groups were observed. The nerve block time and extubation time in group A were shorter than those in group B (P0.05). At T2, T3 and T4, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of group A at rest and cough were significantly lower than those of group B (P0.05). The satisfaction of sleep and analgesia in group A was higher than that in group B (P0.05). The analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided TAPB combined with ESP is better than that of ultrasound-guided TAPB combined with TPVB, and it can shorten the time of nerve block and extubation, which is worth popularizing.
Se estudió el efecto de la aplicación del bloqueo del plano transverso del abdomen (TAPB) combinado con el bloqueo paravertebral torácico (TPVB) o el bloqueo del plano del erector de la columna (ESP) bajo guía ecográfica en la resección radical endoscópica del cáncer de esófago bajo anestesia general. Desde marzo de 2021 hasta febrero de 2022, en nuestro hospital, se seleccionaron como objeto de investigación pacientes sometidos a resección radical endoscópica de cáncer de esófago, y como muestra se seleccionaron 90 pacientes. Los pacientes se dividieron en el grupo A y el grupo B según la diferencia de esquemas de bloqueo. El grupo A recibió ESP y el grupo B recibió TPVB. Se contaron la dosis de sufentanilo, el tiempo de bloqueo nervioso, el tiempo de despertar y el tiempo de extubación de los dos grupos. Se compararon el dolor posoperatorio, el efecto de la sedación, la satisfacción del sueño y la satisfacción de la analgesia de los dos grupos y se observaron las complicaciones de los dos grupos. El tiempo de bloqueo nervioso y el tiempo de extubación en el grupo A fueron más cortos que los del grupo B (P0,05). En T2, T3 y T4, las puntuaciones de la escala visual analógica (EVA) del grupo A en repo- so y tos fueron significativamente más bajas que las del grupo B (P 0,05). La satisfacción del sueño y la analgesia en el grupo A fue mayor que en el grupo B (P0,05). El efecto analgésico de la TAPB guiada por ecografía combinada con ESP es mejor que el de la TAPB guiada por ecografía combinada con TPVB, y puede acortar el tiempo de bloqueo nervioso y extubación, lo que vale la pena popularizar.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Thoracic Vertebrae/drug effects , Esophagectomy/methods , Abdominal Muscles/drug effects , Endoscopy/methods , Paraspinal Muscles/drug effects , Nerve Block/methods , Ultrasonography , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Abstract Background: The present study explored the role of continuous erector spinae plane (ESP) block for analgesia as well as its impact on pulmonary functions in patients with multiple rib fractures. Methods: Ten patients with multiple rib fractures were enrolled after getting informed and written consent. Ultrasound-guided ESP block was performed at the level midway between the fractured ribs followed by the insertion of the catheter. Pre- and post-block VAS score, hemodynamics, respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), inspiratory capacity (IC), blood gases (PaO2 and PCO2), and complications were compared. Results: Pain scores at rest as well as on movement showed a significant reduction from 5.9 and 7.5 pre block to 1.6 and 2.5 respectively at 96 hours (p < 0.0001). Similarly, RR, SpO2, IC, and PaO2 were significantly better after the block placement (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Continuous ESP block provide adequate analgesia with better respiratory functions in patients with multiple rib fractures.
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@#Phantom limb pain (PLP) is difficult to control, and patients frequently exhibit inadequate relief from medications or encounter unbearable side effects. We present here a novel application of erector spinae plane (ESP) block to manage PLP. Our patient is a 23-year-old, college student, diagnosed with high-grade osteosarcoma of the right humerus who underwent a right shoulder disarticulation. He reported PLP despite multimodal analgesia postoperatively. An ESP block using a high-frequency linear probe ultrasound was performed. A G23 spinal needle was advanced inplane toward the right T3 transverse process. After negative aspiration, 20 mL of therapeutic solution containing bupivacaine 0.25%, lidocaine 1%, epinephrine 5 mcg/ml, and 40 mg methylprednisolone was injected. After the procedure, the patient reported that his PLP went down to NRS 1/10. He consistently reported to have an NRS score of 0-1/10 on succeeding consultations despite discontinuation of opioid and pregabalin. In literature, ESP block has been used as a regional technique for shoulder disarticulation surgery and other neuropathic pain conditions, but no account has shown its use for PLP treatment. The procedure was successfully done to alleviate the upper extremity phantom limb pain, significantly reduce analgesic requirements, and improve tolerance of physical therapy and overall quality of life.
Subject(s)
Phantom Limb , Cancer PainABSTRACT
Objective To explore the efficacy of ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine for ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block(ESPB)in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical surgery for lung cancer.Methods A total of 119 lung cancer patients who underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of pulmonary carcinoma at the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Polytechnic University from October 2020 to October 2022 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group(n=59)and the control group(n=60),with 3 patients excluded from the observation group and 4 patients excluded from the control group.Finally,56 patients were included in each group.Patients in the control group received ultrasound-guided ESPB with ropivacaine,while patients in the observation group received ultrasound-guided ESPB with both ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine.The pre-anesthesia preparation,anesthesia induction,and anesthesia maintenance were the same for patients in both groups,and patients in both groups used patient-controlled intravenous analgesia to relieve pain after surgery.The heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)of patients in the two groups after entry(T1),successful block(T2),skin incision(T3),and end of surgery(T4),as well as the visual analogue scale(VAS)scores at rest and activity 6,12,24,and 48 hours after surgery were recorded.The amount of analgesic medication used,the number of analgesia pump presses,and the incidence of delirium and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups 48 hours after surgery.Results The MAP and HR of patients in the two groups at T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those at T1 and T4(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in MAP and HR between the two groups at T4 and T1(P>0.05),and there was also no significant difference in MAP and HR between the two groups at T2 and T3(P>0.05).The patients in both groups showed no significant difference in MAP and HR at T1(P>0.05),while at T2,T3,and T4,the MAP and HR in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The patients in both groups had lower VAS scores at rest and activity 12,24,and 48 hours postope-ratively compared to 6 hours postoperatively(P<0.05).The patients in both groups had lower VAS scores at rest and activity 24 and 48 hours postoperatively compared to 12 hours postoperatively(P<0.05).The patients in both groups had lower VAS scores in both resting and active states 48 hours after surgery compared to 24 hours after surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in VAS scores at both rest and activity 6 hours after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).At 12,24,and 48 hours after surgery,the patients in the observation group had lower VAS scores in both resting and active states compared to the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the observation group used fewer analgesic drugs and pressed analgesia pumps less 48 hours after surgery(P<0.05).The incidence of overall adverse reactions within 48 hours after surgery was 5.36%(3/56)and 8.93%(5/56),respectively;there was no significant difference in the incidence of overall adverse reactions between the two groups(x2=0.135,P>0.05).The incidence of delirium within 48 hours after surgery in the control and observation groups was 14.29%(8/56)and 3.57%(2/56),respectively.The incidence of delirium in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(x2=3.953,P<0.05).Conclusion The use of ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine for ultrasound-guided ESPB in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical surgery for lung cancer can maintain perioperative hemodynamic sta-bility,improve analgesic effect,and reduce the dosage of analgesic drugs,the number of analgesia pump presses,and the inci-dence of postoperative delirium.
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Objective To investigate the effect of L4 transverse process erector spinae plane block(ESPB)before general anesthesia hip surgery in elderly patients on reducing perioperative pain and stress,thus reducing opioid consumption and improving postoperative recovery quality.Methods Sixty patients aged 65 years old and above who underwent unilateral hip surgery from January to December 2023 were randomly divided into two groups(n = 30)by using the random number table method.The ESPB group received ultrasound-guided ESPB at the L4 level with 0.3%ropivacaine(0.5 ml/kg)before induction of anesthesia,while the control group did not receive ESPB.Laryngeal mask anesthesia was administered in both groups.The induction and maintenance methods were consistent in both groups.The Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)was used to evaluate the degree of pain at 8 h and 24 h after surgery.The times of pressing analgesic pump within 24 h after surgery were recorded.The hemodynamic changes at each time point during the operation were observed.The time interval from the end of the operation to the complete recovery and to remove the laryngeal mask were recorded.Intraoperative and Postanesthesia Care Unit(PACU)opioid consumption were noted.The incidence of postoperative agitation,postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV),dizziness,and the recovery quality score were compared.Results The NRS scores of rest pain and motion pain at 8 h and 24 h after surgery were significantly lower in the ESPB group than those in the control group,and the times of pressing the analgesic pump within 24 h after surgery in the ESPB group was significantly less than that in the control group(P<0.05).The mean arterial pressure(MAP)of the ESPB group at 20 min after peeling was lower than that of the control group[(87.2±15.5)mm Hg vs.(96.7±16.9)mm Hg,P = 0.026].The sufentanil consumption,remifentanil consumption,and the number of cases using urapidil in the ESPB group were significantly lower than those in the control group[12.5(10.0,14.0)μg vs.12.5(12.5,17.5)μg,P =0.041;270(100,400)μg vs.600(448,800)μg,P<0.001;1 case vs.11 cases,P =0.001].The Steward score at30 min after entering PACU was significantly higher in the ESPB group than in the control group[6(5,6)points vs.5(4,5)points,P<0.001].There was no statistical significance in incidence of postoperative agitation,PONV,and dizziness between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Preoperative ESPB at the level of the L4 transverse process can reduce the pain score within 24 h after surgery,reduce the amount of opioid used during and after hip surgery,and improve the quality of postoperative recovery in the elderly.
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Objective To compare anesthetic effects between erector spinae plane block(ESPB)and intercostal nerve block(ICNB)in thoracoscopic lung wedge resection guided by surgical pleth index(SPI).Methods A total of 46 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lung wedge resection in Wenzhou People's Hospital from July 2020 to June 2022 were selected and divided into ICNB group and ESPB group according to random number table method,with 23 cases in each group.Remifentanil infusion rate,propofol dosage and intraoperative vital signs were compared between two groups.Results The intraoperative remifentanil infusion rate in ESPB group was significantly lower than that in ICNB group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in intraoperative propofol dosage between two groups(P>0.05).The SPI,bispectral index and mean arterial pressure in ESPB group during lung wedge resection were significantly lower than those in ICNB group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in heart rate between two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion Under the guidance of SPI,patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung wedge resection with preoperative ESPB had low opioid consumption and stable vital signs.
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Abstract Introduction Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the common surgical intervention for benign biliary diseases. Postoperative pain after LC remains as an important problem, with two components: somatic and visceral. Trocar entry incisions lead to somatic pain, while peritoneal distension with diaphragm irritation leads to visceral pain. Following its description by Forero et al., the erector spinae plane (ESP) block acquired considerable popularity among clinicians. This led to the use of ESP block for postoperative pain management for various operations. Materials and methods This study was conducted between January and June 2019. Patients aged between 18 and 65 years with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. All the patients received bilateral or unilateral ESP block at the T8 level preoperatively according to their groups. Results There was no significant difference between the groups in terms NRS scores either at rest or while coughing at any time interval except for postoperative 6th hour (p = 0.023). Morphine consumption was similar between the groups but was significantly lower in group B at 12 and 24 hours (p = 0.044 and p = 0.022, respectively). Twelve patients in group A and three patients in group B had shoulder pain and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.011). Discussion In conclusion, bilateral ESP block provided more effective analgesia than unilateral ESP block in patients undergoing elective LC. Bilateral ESP block reduced the amount of opioid consumption and the incidence of postoperative shoulder pain.
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Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/adverse effects , Analgesia , Nerve Block/adverse effects , Pain, Postoperative/ethnology , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Shoulder Pain , Analgesics, Opioid , Anesthetics, LocalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#With the rapid development of aging population, the number of elderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar spine surgery continues to increase. Lumbar spine surgery could cause moderate to severe postoperative pain, and the conventional opioid-based analgesia techniques have many side effects, which are barriers to the recovery after surgery of the elderly. Previous studies have demonstrated that erector spinae plane block (ESPB) could bring about favorable analgesia in spinal surgery. As far as the elderly are concerned, the analgesic and recovery effects of ESPB on posterior lumbar spine surgery are not completely clear. This study aims to observe the effects of bilateral ESPB on elderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar spine surgery, and to improve the anesthesia techniques.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 elderly patients of both sex, who were selected from May 2020 to November 2021, scheduled for elective posterior lumbar spine surgery, and in the age of 60-79 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists class Ⅱ-Ⅲ, were divided into a ESPB group and a control (C) group using a random number table method, with 35 patients each. Before general anesthesia induction, 20 mL 0.4% ropivacaine was injected to the transverse process of L3 or L4 bilaterally in the ESPB group and only saline in the C group. The score of Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) indicating pain at rest and on movement within 48 h after operation, time of first patient control analgesia (PCA), cumulative consumptions of sufentanil within 48 hours, Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ) scores on the morning of day 1 and day 2 after operation, Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scores at 24 and 48 h after operation, full diet intake times, perioperative adverse reactions such as intraoperative hypotension, postoperative dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and constipation were compared between the 2 groups.@*RESULTS@#A total of 70 patients were enrolled and 62 subjects completed the study, including 32 in the ESPB group and 30 in the C group. Compared with the C group, the postoperative NRS scores at rest at 2, 4, 6, and 12 h and on movementat at 2, 4, and 6 h were lower, time of first PCA was later, sufentanil consumptions were significantly decreased during 0-12 h and 12-24 h after operation, LSEQ scores on the morning of day 1 and QoR-15 scores at 24 and 48 h after operation were higher, full diet intakes achieved earlier in the ESPB group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of intraoperative hypotension, postoperative dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and constipation between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Providing favorable analgesic effects with reduced opioids consumption, bilateral ESPB for posterior lumbar spine surgery in the elderly patients could also improve postoperative sleep quality, promote gastrointestinal functional restoration, and enhance recovery with few adverse reactions.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Sufentanil , Dizziness , Pain , Anesthesia, General , Constipation , Hypotension , Nerve Block , Pain, Postoperative , Analgesics, Opioid , Ultrasonography, InterventionalABSTRACT
Abstract Multimodal analgesia in cardiac surgery sternotomy includes bilateral continuous erector spinae plane block (BC-ESPB). However, the effectiveness of the local anesthetic regimens is still uncertain. The purpose of this study was to assess pain control achieved with a multimodal analgesia regimen including BC-ESPB at the level of T5 with PCA with a 0.125 % bupivacaine infusion and rescue boluses. This is a descriptive case series study which recruited 11 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery through sternotomy in whom multimodal analgesia including BC-ESPB was used, between February and April 2021, at a fourth level institution. All patients reported pain according to the numeric rating scale (NRS) ≤ 3 both at rest and in motion, at extubation and then 4 and 12 hours after surgery. After 24 hours the pain was NRS ≤ 3 in 100 % of the patients at rest and in 63.6 % in motion. At 48 h 81 % of the patients reported pain NRS ≤ 3 at rest and in motion. At 72h all patients reported pain NRS ≤ 3 at rest and 82 % in motion. The average intraoperative use of fentanyl was 2.35 µg/kg and postoperative hydromorphone was 5.3, 4.1 and 3.3 mg at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Hence, bilateral ESP block in continuous infusion plus rescue boluses allows for proper control of acute intra and post-operative pain.
Resumen En cirugía cardiaca mediante esternotomía, la analgesia multimodal incluye el bloqueo bilateral continuo del plano erector de la espina (BBC-ESP). Sin embargo, existe incertidumbre sobre la efectividad de los esquemas de dosificación del anestésico local. Se busca evaluar el control del dolor proporcionado por un esquema de analgesia multimodal que incluye el BBC-ESP a la altura de T5 con ACP de bupivacaína 0,125 % en infusión y bolos de rescate. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, serie de casos. Se reclutaron 11 pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía cardiaca mediante esternotomía en quienes se usó analgesia multimodal que incluía BBC-ESP entre febrero y abril del 2021, en una institución de cuarto nivel. Todos los pacientes refirieron dolor, según la escala numérica (EN) ≤ 3 tanto en reposo como en movimiento, a la extubación, a las 4 y a las 12 horas. A las 24 horas el dolor fue EN ≤ 3 en el 100 % de los pacientes en reposo y en el 63,6 % en movimiento. A las 48 h el 81 % de los pacientes refirieron dolor EN ≤ 3 en reposo y en movimiento. A las 72 h todos los pacientes presentaron dolor EN ≤ 3 en reposo y 82 % en movimiento. El consumo intraoperatorio promedio de fentanilo fue de 2,35 ug/kg y de hidromorfona posoperatoria de 5,3, 4,1 y 3,3 mg a las 24, 48 y 72 horas. Así, el BBC-ESP en infusión continua más bolos de rescate permiten el control del dolor agudo intra y posoperatorio.
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Background: Patients posted for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (VATS) are nowadays managed intraoperatively by general anesthesia (GA) with the use of oral and parenteral analgesics in the post-operative period. Ongoing research points out that the erector spinae plane block (ESP Block) with local anesthetics is a safe technique for the perioperative management of pain in thoracoscopic procedures. Aims and Objectives: Our study aimed at comparing ultrasound guided ESP block using local anesthetics versus GA for perioperative pain management in patients who underwent thoracoscopic procedures. The objectives of this research were to assess the hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing the procedure, to calculate the total amount of analgesics required by patients in the next 24 h, to assess the overall patient satisfaction and complications in the post-operative period. Materials and Methods: In this prospective comparative randomized controlled trial, 40 patients aged 18–65 years planned to undergo VATS were enrolled and randomized to either group G or group E in equal numbers depending on the anesthetic technique employed. Group G patients received GA and Group E patients received ultrasound guided ESP block. Both the groups were compared for hemodynamic stability, pain in postoperative period using visual analog scale (VAS), time to first rescue analgesia requested since induction, total amount of rescue analgesia requested, overall patient satisfaction, and post-operative complications. Results: Better control of hemodynamic parameters, less post-operative pain, prolonged duration of analgesia (P < 0.05), and requirement of lesser amount of rescue analgesics were observed in patients of Group E in comparison with patients of Group G. Side effects such as post-operative nausea and vomiting were more in patients of Group G in the first 24 h (P < 0.05). Conclusion: ESP block with local anesthetics can be used as an effective sole anesthetic technique for VATS <60 min providing a longer pain free post-operative period, lesser rescue analgesic requirement, better patient satisfaction, and lesser post-operative complications.
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Aims:Chest wall blocks are effective alternatives for postoperative pain control inmitral valve surgery in rightmini?thoracotomy (mini?MVS).We compared the efficacy of Serratus Anterior plane block (SAPB) and Erector Spinae plane block (ESPB) on postoperative pain relief aftermini?MVS. Settings and Design: It is a prospective, observational study. Material and Methods: A total of 85 consecutive patients undergoing continuous SAPB and continuous ESPB for mini?MVS from March 2019 to October 2020 were included. The primary outcome was the assessment of postoperative pain evaluated as absolute value of NRS at 12, 24 and 48 h. Secondary outcomes were assessment of salvage analgesia (both opioids and NSAIDs), incidence of mild adverse effects (i.e. nausea, vomiting, and incorrect catheter placement) and timing of postoperative course (ICU and hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, ventilator?free days). Results: The median NRS was 0.00 (0.00–3.00) at 12 h and 0.00 (0.00–2.00) at 24 and 48 h. No significant differences were observed between groups. Postoperative morphine consumption in the first 24 h was similar in both groups (P = 0.76), whereas between 24 and 48 h was significantly less in the ESPB group compared with SAPB group, P = 0.013. NSAIDs median consumption and Metoclopramide consumption were significantly lower in the ESPB group compared to SAPB group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions: ESPB, even more than SAPB, appears to be a feasible and effective strategy for the management of postoperative pain, allowing good quality analgesia with low consumption of opioids, NSAIDs and antiemetic drugs.
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Abstract We present a 9-year-old patient with end-stage renal disease, on peritoneal dialysis, who underwent a staged prone retroperitoneoscopic bilateral nephrectomy. Bilateral nephrectomy was indicated in preparation for renal transplant in the context of genetic predisposition malignancy when immunosuppressed. The two mirror-image surgeries enable the comparison of the anesthetic management and outcomes in a single patient. Features of interest to anesthesiologists include approach to a child with chronic kidney disease, different requirements for intraoperative antihypertensives; pain management strategies, including a comparison of erector spinae plane block with and without adjunct dexmedetomidine; anesthetic management of retroperitoneoscopic pediatric surgery and the first description of using a Foley bag attached to a peritoneal dialysis catheter to aid in diagnosis and repair of posterior peritoneal cavity entry.
Resumen Se presenta un paciente de 9 años de edad con enfermedad renal terminal, en diálisis peritoneal, quien se sometió a nefrectomía bilateral retroperitoneoscópica estadificada en posición prona. Se indicó la nefrectomía bilateral en preparación para trasplante renal en el contexto de predisposición genética hacia desarrollar una patología maligna al estar inmunosuprimido. Las dos cirugías en espejo permiten hacer una comparación del manejo anestésico y de los desenlaces en un mismo paciente. Las características de interés para los anestesiólogos incluyen el abordaje de un niño con enfermedad renal crónica, con requisitos diferentes de antihipertensivos intraoperatorios; estrategias para el manejo del dolor, incluyendo una comparación de bloqueo del plano del erector espinal con y sin dexmedetomidina adyuvante; manejo anestésico de cirugía pediátrica retroperitoneoscópica y la primera descripción del uso de una bolsa Foley conectada a un catéter de diálisis peritoneal para ayudar en el diagnóstico y la reparación de la entrada de la cavidad peritoneal posterior.
Subject(s)
Pancreas DivisumABSTRACT
Objective:Thoracic Epidural Analgesia (TEA) was compared with ultrasound?guided bilateral erector spinae plane (ESP) block in aorto?femoral arterial bypass surgery for analgesic efficacy, hemodynamic effects, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Design: Prospective randomized. Setting: Tertiary care centre. Participants: Adult patients, who were scheduled for elective aorto?femoral arterial bypass surgery. Interventions: It was a prospective pilot study enrolling 20 adult patients who were randomized to group A (ESP block = 10) and group B (TEA = 10). Monitoring of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pain assessment at rest and deep breathing using visual analog scale (VAS) were done till 48?h post?extubation. Rescue analgesic requirement, Incentive spirometry, oxygenation, duration of ventilation and stay in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were reported as outcome measures. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired Student T?test or Mann?Whitney U test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: HR was lower in group B than group A at 1 and 2 h post? surgery and at 0.5, 16, 20, and 32 h post?extubation (P < 0.05). MAP were lower in group B than A at 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 minutes and at 0 hour post?surgery and at 4 hours, every 4 hours till 32 hours post?extubation (P < 0.05). Intraoperative midazolam and fentanyl consumption, ventilatory hours, VAS at rest, incentive spirometry, oxygenation, and ICU stay were comparable between the two groups. VAS during deep breathing was more in group A than B at 0.5, 4 hours and every 4 hours till 44 hours post?extubation. The time to receive the first rescue analgesia was shorter in group A than B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both ESP block and TEA provided comparable analgesia at rest. Further studies with larger sample size are required to evaluate whether ESP block could be an alternative to TEA in aorto?femoral arterial bypass surgery
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is still a debate about what constitutes effective and safe postoperative analgesia in hepatectomy surgery. Erector spinae plane (ESP) block may be an important part of multimodal analgesia application in hepatectomy surgery. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of ultrasound-guided bilateral erector spinae plane block combined with intravenous (iv) patient-controlled analgesia (iv PCA), in comparison with iv PCA alone, in hepatectomy surgery. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Randomized prospective single-blinded study in a tertiary university hospital. METHODS: Fifty patients scheduled for elective hepatectomy surgery were included in the study. Patients were randomized into the ESP group or the control group. In the ESP group, bilateral ESP block was performed preoperatively and iv PCA was used. In the control group, only iv PCA was used. Numerical rating scale (NRS) scores at rest and coughing, analgesic requirements and occurrences of nausea and vomiting were recorded. RESULTS: Intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, rescue analgesia requirement and resting and dynamic NRS scores were significantly lower in the ESP group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of the presence of dynamic pain after the first postoperative hour. While all patients in the control group had nausea and vomiting, 24% of the patients in the ESP group did not have nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION: This study showed that ESP block can be used as a part of multimodal analgesia, with the benefit of reducing opioid consumption and postoperative nausea and vomiting in hepatectomy surgery. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12620000466943.
Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesics, Opioid , Nerve Block , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled , Ultrasonography , Hepatectomy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Hip fracture pain is frequently acute and disabling and increases perioperative complications in the patient; hence it requires a multimodal analgesia approach. This case series describes the continuous erector spinae plane block at the lumbar level for hip fracture analgesia. Methods A search was conducted of patients with hip fracture referred to the pain service of Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación (HUSVF) from August 2019 to March 2020, who had undergone continuous erector spinae plane block as part of their analgesic regimen. Results A total of 6 patients, 4 females and 2 males with an average age of 75 years were identified. A reduction in pain intensity from acute to mild or absent was observed in every case, up to 24 hours after the initial injection. 66 % experienced a relapse of severe pain after 24 hours and 2 patients the catheter functionality failed after 24 hours. One patient underwent dermatome pinprick assessment. Conclusions The continuous erector spinae plane block with a single injection provided analgesic efficacy similar to other single injection peripheral blocks, although continuous analgesia for more than 24 hours was not achieved. Some variations in the block technique described may improve the analgesic effectiveness in patients with hip fracture pain.
Resumen Introducción El dolor de la fractura de cadera suele ser fuerte e incapacitante y aumenta las complicaciones perioperatorias en el paciente, lo que hace indispensable el enfoque de analgesia multimodal. En esta serie de casos se describe la experiencia del bloqueo continuo del plano erector de la espina a nivel lumbar para analgesia en fractura de cadera. Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda de los pacientes con fractura de cadera remitidos al servicio de dolor del Hospital Universitario San Vicente fundación (HUSVF) desde agosto de 2019 hasta marzo de 2020, a quienes se les realizó bloqueo continuo del plano erector de la espina como parte de su esquema analgésico. Resultados Se encontraron 6 pacientes, 4 mujeres y 2 hombres, con una edad promedio de 75 años. Se observó reducción de la intensidad del dolor de fuerte a leve o ausente en todos los casos hasta las 24 horas posteriores a la inyección inicial. El 66 % tuvo recaída del dolor fuerte posterior a las 24 horas y en 2 pacientes no se logró funcionalidad del catéter por más de 24 horas. En un paciente se hizo evaluación dermatómica por pinprick (prueba de pinchazo). Conclusiones El bloqueo continuo del plano erector de la espina con inyección única ofreció eficacia analgésica similar a otros bloqueos periféricos en inyección única, aunque no se logró analgesia continua con el catéter por más de 24 horas. Ciertas variaciones en la técnica del bloqueo descrita podrían mejorar la efectividad analgésica en pacientes con dolor por fractura de cadera.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Pain , Hip Fractures , Spine , Analgesia , Anesthesia, ConductionABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a recently described technique (2016); its use as continuous analgesia with an intrafascial catheter in anterior scoliosis surgery for pediatric patients in intensive care unit (ICU) has not been reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of an intrafascial catheter in the erector spinae for continuous infusion and patient-controlled analgesia as a postoperative analgesic technique in anterior scoliosis surgery. CLINICAL CASE: 15-year-old patient weighing 34 kg, diagnosed with scoliosis with 110° Cobb angle in the context of neurofibromatosis, subjected to anterior corrective surgery with continuous analgesia and patient-controlled analgesia through an intrafascial catheter in the erector spinae. CONCLUSIONS: The use of continuous intrafascial analgesia and patient-controlled analgesia in the erector spinae provided adequate analgesic control in the postoperative period of corrective anterior scoliosis surgery in a pediatric patient in ICU.
INTRODUCCIÓN: El bloqueo del plano del erector de la espina (ESPB) es una técnica de reciente descripción (2016). Su uso como analgesia continua con catéter intrafascial en cirugía de escoliosis por vía anterior para pacientes pediátricos en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) no ha sido reportado en la literatura. OBJETIVO: Describir el uso del catéter intrafascial del erector de la espina como técnica analgésica posoperatoria en cirugía de escoliosis vía anterior con analgesia en infusión continua y controlada por el paciente. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 15 años, peso 34 kg, con diagnóstico de escoliosis con ángulo de Cobb 110° en el contexto de neurofibromatosis, sometido a cirugía correctiva vía anterior con analgesia continua y controlada por el paciente mediante catéter intrafascial en erector de la espina en UCI. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de analgesia intrafascial continua y controlada por el paciente por catéter en el erector de la espina resulta en un adecuado control analgésico posoperatorio de cirugía correctiva de escoliosis via anterior en un paciente pediátrico en UCI.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy , Scoliosis/surgery , Analgesia, Epidural/methods , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled , Nerve Block/methods , Pain Management/methods , Paraspinal Muscles , Analgesics/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the optimized efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) with high volume of ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia for patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery.Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, with body mass index of 18-24 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: ESPB with high volume (40 ml) of 0.4% ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia group (E40 group) and ESPB with conventional volume (20 ml) of 0.4% ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia group (E20 group). Ultrasound-guided ESPB was performed on the operated side before general anesthesia induction in both groups.In E40 group, 0.4% ropivacaine 40 ml was injected.In E20 group, 0.4% ropivacaine 20 ml was injected.Total intravenous anesthesia was applied in both groups.Sufentanil was used for patient-controlled intravenous anesthesia (PCIA) after the end of operation.The PCIA pump was set up with a 2 ml bolus dose (0.04 μg/kg), a 10 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 0.05 μg·kg -1·h -1.The analgesia lasted for 48 h after operation, and the numeric rating scale (NRS) score was maintained ≤ 3.When NRS score ≥ 4, morphine 5 mg was intravenously injected for rescue analgesia.The onset time of block, intraoperative consumption of propofol and remifentanil, time to first pressing the analgesia pump, the first requirement for morphine and the ratio of patients using morphine within 48 h after surgery were recorded.The cumulative consumption of requirement for opioids (effective pressing dose of analgesic pump+ consumption of requirement for morphine) within 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after surgery and satisfaction with analgesia were recorded.The extubation time, length of ICU stay, the first postoperative off-bed time, the chest tube removal time and duration of stay in hospital were recorded.The incidence of intraoperative adverse events (hypertension and hypotension) and postoperative adverse events (dizziness, nausea and vomiting) were recorded. Results:Compared with E20 group, the onset time of block was significantly shortened, the cumulative consumption of requirement for opioids within 24, 36 and 48 h after surgery was decreased, the ratio of paitents using morphine within 48 h after surgery was decreased, time to first pressing the analgesia pump and the first requirement for morphine were prolonged, satisfaction with analgesia score was increased, and the first postoperative off-bed time and the chest tube removal time were shortened in group E40 ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with ESPB with the conventional volume of ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia, ESPB with the high volume of ropivacaine combined with general anesthesia can reduce the postoperative consumption of opioids, and prolong the duration of effective analgesia, which are helpful for postoperative rapid recovery without increasing the development of adverse events in patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary surgery.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Pain after liver resection can be difficult to manage. Epidural anesthesia (EA) is an effective technique in pain control in this surgery. However, postoperative coagulopathy and hypotension due to autonomic nervous system block in high-risk patients, may result that the EA is an inadequate analgesic technique in according to enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) recommendations for liver surgery. Regional block techniques have been recommended for liver surgery in ERAS guidelines. Erector spinae plane (ESP) block is a recent block described for thoracic and abdominal surgeries and provides both somatic and visceral analgesia. We describe a high-risk patient with cardiac dysfunction and Parkinson's disease who underwent laparoscopic right liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Satisfactory intra and postoperative analgesia was achieved by a combined continuous ESP block, transversus abdominis plane (TAP), and oblique subcostal TAP blocks. Surgery and postoperative period was uneventful. No opioids were administered during hospitalization. A combined of thoracic and abdominal wall blocks can be an effective approach for intra and postoperative analgesia in high-risk patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection. Further clinical research is recommended to establish the effectiveness of the ESP block as an analgesic technique in this surgery.
Resumen El dolor posterior a una resección hepática puede ser difícil de manejar. La anestesia epidural (AE) es una técnica efectiva para el control del dolor en esta cirugía. Sin embargo, la coagulopatía y la hipotensión postoperatorias debido al bloqueo del sistema nervioso autónomo en pacientes de alto riesgo, puede hacer que la AE sea una técnica analgésica inadecuada, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la recuperación mejorada después de cirugía (ERAS, por las iniciales en inglés de Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) para cirugía hepática. Se han recomendado las técnicas de bloqueo regional para cirugía hepática en las guías ERAS. El bloqueo del plano erector de la espina (BEE) (ESP, por las iniciales en inglés de erector spinae plan block) es una técnica reciente, para cirugías torácicas y abdominales, que brinda analgesia tanto somática como visceral. Se describe aquí un paciente de alto riesgo con disfunción cardiaca y enfermedad de Parkinson que se sometió a resección la paroscópica del lóbulo derecho del hígado por carcinoma hepatocelular. Se logró analgesia intra y postoperatoria eficaz mediante una combinación de bloqueo continuo ESP, y bloqueos del plano transverso abdominal (PTA) y del plano transverso abdominal subcostal oblicuo. La cirugía y el periodo postoperatorio transcurrieron sin novedad y no se administraron opioides durante la hospitalización. La combinación de bloqueos combinados torácicos y de la pared abdominal pueden ser un abordaje efectivo para la analgesia intra y postoperatoria en pacientes de alto riesgo que se someten a resección hepática laparoscópica. Se recomienda continuar con la investigación clínica a finde establecer la efectividad del bloqueo ESP como técnica anestésica para esta cirugía.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Thoracic Surgery , Liver Failure/surgery , Laparoscopy , Anesthesia, Epidural , Parkinson Disease , Postoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
Abstract Objective and background: Erector spinae plane block is a novel analgesic truncal block that has been popularized due to its ease of performance and perceived safety. Erector spinae plane block has been postulated to target the ventral rami and rami communicates of spinal nerves, thus providing somatic and visceral analgesia. In this case series, we describe our experience of bilateral erector spinae plane block placed at the low thoracic level in open gynecologic oncology surgery in three patients. Method: Under ultrasound guidance, erector spinae plane blocks were done, preoperatively, at the 8th thoracic transverse process bilaterally. Numeric rating scale for pain and opioid consumption of the first 48 postoperative hours were recorded. Results: Pain scores ranged from 0 to 4 among the three patients and 48 h opioid consumption in oral morphine equivalents of 4, 6 and 18 mg. No adverse events were recorded up to patient discharge from the hospital. Conclusions: Erector spinae plane block provided effective analgesia in our case series. While its true mechanism of action remains obscure, the available case reports show encouraging analgesic results with no adverse events recorded. Formal prospective randomized trials are underway to provide further evidence on its efficacy, failure rate and safety.
Resumo Justificativa e objetivo: O bloqueio do plano do músculo eretor da espinha é um novo bloqueio troncular analgésico popularizado devido à sua facilidade de aplicação e segurança percebida. O bloqueio do plano do músculo eretor da espinha foi postulado para atingir os ramos ventrais e os ramos comunicantes dos nervos espinhais, proporcionando analgesia somática e visceral. Nesta casuística, descrevemos nossa experiência com o bloqueio do plano do músculo eretor da espinha bilateral depositado no nível torácico inferior em cirurgia oncológica ginecológica aberta em três pacientes. Método: Os bloqueios do plano do músculo eretor da espinha guiados por ultrassom foram administrados no pré-operatório, entre o 8° e o 10° processo transverso do tórax bilateralmente. Os valores de uma escala de classificação numérica para dor e consumo de opioides nas primeiras 48 horas de pós-operatório foram registrados. Resultados: Os escores de dor variaram de 0-4 entre as três pacientes e o consumo de opioide em 48 horas equivaleu à morfina oral (4, 6 e 18 mg). Nenhum evento adverso foi registrado até a alta hospitalar das pacientes. Conclusões: O bloqueio do plano do músculo eretor da espinha proporcionou analgesia efetiva em nossa casuística. Embora o mecanismo de ação verdadeiro permaneça obscuro, os relatos de casos disponíveis mostram resultados analgésicos encorajadores, sem eventos adversos registrados. Ensaios prospectivos randômicos formais estão em andamento para fornecer mais evidências sobre sua eficácia, taxa de falha e segurança.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Salpingo-oophorectomy , Hysterectomy , Nerve Block/methods , Paraspinal MusclesABSTRACT
Abstract Erector spinae plane block is gaining popularity both for its ease of application and as its comparable effect on postoperative analgesia with central regional techniques like paravertebral block or epidural anesthesia. Its use for many indications has been reported in the literature for pediatric patients. We would like to share our experiences in a 2.5-month infant scheduled for thoracotomy for a giant congenital cyst. Single shot erector spinae plane block was done at T4 level before the start of the surgery for both surgical and postoperative analgesia. No complication was seen during both surgery and follow up period. Erector spinae plane block with the combination of paracetamol was adequate for pain relief.
Resumo O bloqueio do plano do músculo eretor da espinha tem ganhado popularidade, tanto pela facilidade de aplicação quanto pelo efeito comparável em analgesia pós-operatória com técnicas regionais centrais, como o bloqueio paravertebral ou a anestesia peridural. Seu uso tem sido relatado na literatura para muitas indicações em pacientes pediátricos. Gostaríamos de compartilhar nossas experiências no caso de um bebê de 2,5 meses de idade programado para toracotomia para excisão de um cisto congênito gigante. O bloqueio do plano do eretor da espinha dorsal com injeção única foi realizado no nível de T4 antes do início da cirurgia para analgesia cirúrgica e pós-operatória. Nenhuma complicação foi observada durante a cirurgia e o período de acompanhamento. O bloqueio do plano do eretor da espinha com a combinação de paracetamol foi adequado para o alívio da dor.