ABSTRACT
El asma bronquial extrínseca se origina por una reacción inmunológica de hipersensibilidad tipo I, desencadenada principalmente por alérgenos ambientales. Clásicamente, la respuesta inmune mediada por células T CD4+ con perfil Th2 determina las principales características de esta enfermedad, con la infiltración de eosinófilos y basófilos que median la inflamación crónica de las vías aéreas. Se ha observado que las células T reguladoras pueden actuar como moduladores endógenos durante los procesos asmáticos, controlando la exacerbación de las crisis y disminuyendo el daño tisular. Aunque los glucocorticoides son el principal tratamiento para el asma, solo alivian temporalmente los síntomas y se asocian con efectos adversos y aparición de resistencia, lo cual ha incentivado el desarrollo de alternativas terapéuticas que modulen la respuesta inmune y controlen la inflamación crónica. Recientemente, se ha postulado que las estatinas podrían ser una alternativa promisoria para disminuir la respuesta inflamatoria y disminuir la morbilidad asociada a esta enfermedad, debido a su gran potencial inmunomodulador, entre los que se destaca la inducción de células T reguladoras(AU)
Extrinsic asthma is caused by an immunological type I hypersensitivity reaction triggered mainly by environmental allergens. Usually, immune response mediated mainly by CD4 + T cells with Th2 profile determines the main features of extrinsic asthma, including infiltration of eosinophils and basophils that mediate chronic inflammation of the airways. It has been observed that regulatory T cells may act as endogenous modulators during asthmatic processes, controlling crisis exacerbation and decreasing tissue damage. Although glucocorticoids are the main treatment for asthma, these only relieve symptoms temporarily and are associated with adverse effects and development of resistance, which has encouraged the development of alternative therapies that modulate the immune response and control chronic inflammation. Recently, it has been postulated that statins may be a promising alternative to reduce the inflammatory response and decrease the morbidity associated with this disease, due to its great immunomodulator potential, especially in the induction of regulatory T cells(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma/therapy , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology , ImmunomodulationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Asthma has been divided clinically into extrinsic and intrinsic variants. However, it is not clear whether these two types of clinically different asthma are mediated by immunolo- gically common pathogenesis or not. Recently, the role of CD8+ T cells in allergic inflammation was suggested. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the role of CD8+ T cells in asthma through the production of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and to see if there were any differences in cytokine production in CD8+ T cell by the two clinically different asthma types, intrinsic and extrinsic asthma. METHOD: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from intrinsic and extrinsic asthmatic patients and from healthy subjects were cultured and stimulated with phorbol ester and calcium ionophore. A three-color flow cytometric analysis was used for IL-4 and IFN-gamma detection in CD8+ T cells. RESULTS: Intracytoplasmic IL-4 and IFN-gamma positive CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in asthmatic patients compared to normal subjects. However, there were no significant differences of IL-4 and IFN-gamma production between intrinsic and extrinsic asthmatic patients (IL-4:12.5+/-4.2% in intrinsic asthmatics, 16.3+/-7.2% in extrinsic asthmatics, 4.2+/-2.1% in normals; IFN-gamma: 33.4+/-3.2%, 35.4+/-5.5%, 25.3+/-9.8%, respectively) CONCLUSION: These results suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic asthma have common immuno- pathogenesis and CD8+ T cells seem to participate in asthmatic inflammation by producing IL-4 and IFN-gamma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Calcium , Inflammation , Interferons , Interleukin-4 , Interleukins , T-LymphocytesABSTRACT
45 cases of childhood extrinsic asthma (CEA) were divided into the treatment group with carboxymethykited starch (CMS) (n=30) and the control group (n=15). The total effective rate of the former was 63% (P