Inflammatory markers in prepubertal children and their associations with abdominal fat

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between inflammatory markers and abdominal fat assessed by ultrasound in prepubertal children with and without excess weight. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 241 prepubertal children, 156 with obesity, 37 with overweight, and 48 with normal weight, aged five to ten years, who were followed at a research unit on Childhood Obesity from a teaching hospital belonging to a public health system. The concentration of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein were assessed and regression analyses, considering outcome variables such as abdominal wall and intra-abdominal fat thickness measured by ultrasound, were performed. Results The findings highlighted an association between abdominal fat and inflammatory markers, even in children at this young age group. Subcutaneous fat showed a stronger association with inflammatory biomarkers compared to intra-abdominal fat when performing logistic regression, with a positive association between tumor necrosis factor-α and abdominal wall thickness equal to or greater than the 75th percentile in adjusted logistic regression (OR: 18.12; CI 95 %: 1.57: 209.55). Conclusions Abdominal wall fat, in contrast to what is often observed in adults, appears to have a greater impact on chronic inflammation related to excessive weight in very young children.

Sistematização de flancoplastia baseada na anatomia cirúrgica / Flankplasty systematization based on surgical anatomy

Introdução: O estudo explora a cirurgia de contorno corporal em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias bariátricas. Nos últimos anos, esse tipo de intervenção cirúrgica ganhou destaque devido ao aumento na busca por procedimentos reparadores após significativa perda de peso. O texto enfatiza a importância da flancoplastia, técnica que visa melhorar o contorno corporal. Métodos: Foi realizada revisão da literatura para elucidação da anatomia da gordura profunda da fáscia toracolombar, e feito um paralelo com a técnica de flancoplastia utilizada em nosso serviço em pacientes pós-bariátricos submetidos a abdominoplastia 360° ou 270° no Hospital Daher Lago Sul, em Brasília- DF. Resultados: A lipoaspiração profunda dos flancos, muitas vezes necessária em cirurgias de contorno corporal, pode não ser suficiente para retirar a gordura profunda à fáscia toracolombar e durante esse procedimento observa-se risco aumentado de lesões retroperitoneais. No entanto, a flancoplastia, que envolve a ressecção da gordura profunda à fáscia toracolombar, demonstrou proporcionar resultados satisfatórios e minimizar esses riscos. Conclusão: O estudo enfoca a importância do conhecimento anatômico preciso, destacando a relevância da flancoplastia como uma técnica valiosa para melhorar os resultados estéticos e reduzir complicações em pacientes pós-bariátricos, complementando a cirurgia bariátrica e melhorando a qualidade de vida do paciente.

Introduction: The study explores body contouring surgery in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. In recent years, this type of surgical intervention has gained prominence due to the increase in the search for reparative procedures after significant weight loss. The text emphasizes the importance of flankplasty, a technique that aims to improve body contour. Methods: A literature review was carried out to elucidate the anatomy of the deep fat of the thoracolumbar fascia, and a parallel was made with the flankplasty technique used in our service in post-bariatric patients undergoing 360° or 270° abdominoplasty at Daher Lago Sul Hospital, in Brasília-DF. Results: Deep liposuction of the flanks, often necessary in body contouring surgeries, may not be sufficient to remove fat deep into the thoracolumbar fascia and during this procedure, there is an increased risk of retroperitoneal injuries. However, flankplasty, which involves resection of fat deep into the thoracolumbar fascia, has been shown to provide satisfactory results and minimize these risks. Conclusion: The study focuses on the importance of precise anatomical knowledge, highlighting the relevance of flankplasty as a valuable technique to improve aesthetic results and reduce complications in post-bariatric patients, complementing bariatric surgery and improving the patient's quality of life.

Key role of orthopaedician and radiologist in successful management of fat embolism syndrome

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is an emergency fatal condition, if not diagnosed early and timely managed. Careful observation of patients with multiple bone fractures aids in early diagnosis. Rehydration is an important factor in preventing FES. Most often the syndrome is self-limiting. High risk cases are treated with steroids and with respirator assistance.

Correlación del índice de masa corporal y grosor de tejido adiposo en glúteos / Correlation of body mass index and adipose tissue thickness in glutes

Introducción: Con el aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad, se esperaría un mayor espesor glúteo, lo que sería un factor importante en futuras intervenciones en región glútea con fines de optimizar mejores resultados estéticos. Objetivo: Correlacionar el índice de masa corporal y el grosor de tejido adiposo en glúteos en voluntarias que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño entre enero a marzo, 2023. Métodos: El estudio fue prospectivo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se utilizó un sonógrafo Sono Eye 1 para realizar las medidas del glúteo. Mediante una báscula, se midió peso y talla, para posteriormente calcular el IMC, fueron 29 voluntarias de sexo femenino entre 18 a 60 años, sin antecedentes quirúrgicos estéticos previos. Las correlaciones fueron evaluadas con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Se consideró un valor significativo si p < 0,05. Los datos fueron tabulados con STATA 17. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 39 ± 12 años. La mayoría con preobesidad (55,2 %). No hubo diferencias estadísticas en grosor de tejido adiposo, de musculo y espesor de glúteo de acuerdo a la lateralidad; de acuerdo al coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, el IMC no hubo asociación con las medidas combinadas del glúteo izquierdo y derecho del grosor de tejido graso (r = 0,137), grosor muscular (r = 0,115) y espesor glúteo (r = 0,193). Conclusión: Los cambios de las medidas antropométricas de acuerdo al índice de masa corporal, no presentaron correlación estadística con el espesor glúteo. (AU)

Introduction: With the increasing prevalence of obesity, a greater gluteal thickness would be expected, which would be an important factor in future interventions in the gluteal region aimed at optimizing better aesthetic outcomes. Objective: To correlate the body mass index (BMI) and the thickness of adipose tissue in the buttocks of volunteers who attended the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service at Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño Hospital from January to March, 2023. Methods: The study was prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional. A Sono Eye 1 sonograph was used to measure the gluteal thickness. Using a scale, weight and height were measured to subsequently calculate the BMI; there were 29 female volunteers aged between 18 and 60 years, without previous aesthetic surgical history. Correlations were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A significant value was considered if p < 0.05. Data were tabulated using STATA 17. Results: The average age was 39 ± 12 years. The majority had pre-obesity (55,2%). There were no statistical differences in adipose tissue thickness, muscle thickness, and gluteal thickness according to laterality; according to Pearson's correlation coefficient, BMI was not associated with combined measurements of left and right buttock adipose tissue thickness (r = 0,137), muscle thickness (r = 0,115), and gluteal thickness (r = 0,193). Conclusion: Changes in anthropometric measurements according to body mass index did not show a statistical correlation with gluteal thickness. (AU)

Age-dependent Model for Dynamics of Change in Body Composition Indicators in Professional Firefighters: Serbian Cross-Sectional Study / Modelo Dependiente de la Edad para la Dinámica de Cambio en los Indicadores de Composición Corporal en Bomberos Profesionales: Estudio Transversal Serbio

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to establish an age-related dynamic of change model for predicting changes in body composition indicators in professional firefighters. The study included a total sample of 145 subjects, comprising professional firefighters from Serbia (Age: 36.6 ± 7.6 yrs., Min - Max: 21.0 - 52.0 yrs.). Four basic variables were analysed: Body Mass - BM, Body Fat Mass - BFM, Skeletal Muscle Mass - SMM, and Visceral Fat Area - VFA, as well as five derived, or index, variables: Body Mass Index - BMI, Percentage of Body Fat - PBF, Percentage of Skeletal Muscle Mass - PSMM, Protein-Fat Index - PFI, and Index of Body - IBC Composition. The results showed a statistically significant dynamic of change as a function of age for eight of the examined variables, while only one (Skeletal Muscle Mass - SMM) was not statistically significant. The highest statistical significance in terms of dynamics of change as a function of age was found for the variable VFA (F = 35.241, p = 000) and the variable PSMM (F = 31.398, p = 0.000). Professional firefighters in Serbia fall into the category of people with normal nutritional indicators. However, due to a dominant increase in visceral fat (VFA) combined with a dominant decrease in the proportion of skeletal muscles in the body (PSMM), it can be concluded that they are exposed to a risk of developing various chronic diseases, while their working conditions, which promote certain negative lifestyle habits, also contribute to the observed increase in body fat components.

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer un modelo de dinámica de cambio relacionada con la edad para predecir cambios en los indicadores de composición corporal en bomberos profesionales. El estudio incluyó una muestra total de 145 sujetos, incluidos bomberos profesionales de Serbia (Edad: 36,6 ± 7,6 años, mín. - máx.: 21,0 - 52,0 años). Se analizaron cuatro variables básicas: Masa Corporal - MC, Masa Grasa Corporal - MGC, - Masa Muscular Esquelética - MME y Área Grasa Visceral - AGV, así como cinco variables derivadas o indexadas: Índice de Masa Corporal - IMC, Porcentaje de grasa corporal - PGC, porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética - PMME, índice proteína-grasa - IPG e índice de composición corporal - ICC. Los resultados mostraron una dinámica de cambio estadísticamente significativa en función de la edad para ocho de las variables examinadas, mientras que sólo una, MME no fue estadísticamente significativa. La mayor significancia estadística en términos de dinámica de cambio en función de la edad se encontró para la variable AGV (F = 35,241, p = 000) y la variable PMME (F = 31,398, p = 0,000). Los bomberos profesionales de Serbia pertenecen a la categoría de personas con indicadores nutricionales normales. Sin embargo, debido a un aumento dominante de la grasa visceral combinado con una disminución dominante de la PMME, se puede concluir que están expuestos a un riesgo de desarrollar diversas enfermedades crónicas, mientras que las condiciones de trabajo, que promueven ciertos hábitos de vida negativos, también contribuyen al aumento observado de los componentes de la grasa corporal.

Body Typology of Lebanese Adults: Initial Cluster Cross-Selection Study / Tipología Corporal de Adultos Libaneses: Estudio Inicial de Selección Cruzada de Grupos

SUMMARY: This study aims to investigate body typologies based on a combination of basic anthropo-morphological characteristics and body composition measured by multichannel bioimpedance in a sample from the adult population of Lebanon. A total of 302 subjects (173 males and 129 females) without acute or chronic health disorders were included in the study. Body composition was measured by the multichannel bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method, using the i30 device (MEDIANA, Korea). The research used 10 variables, including three basic anthropo-morphological variables, three for assessing fat, three for assessing the muscle component, and one index variable. K-means cluster analysis was used to define five specific clusters (5D) of body types based on sex. In light of the results, the study established five distinct clusters representing five different body typologies among Lebanese adults, categorized by sex: Male sample, Group 1 - Obese Endomorph (15.61 %), Group 2 - Balanced Mesomorph (16.76 %), Group 3 - Short Endomorph (30.06 %), Group 4 - Short Mesomorph (34.10 %), and Group 5 - Pathological Obese Endomorph (3.47 %); Female sample, Group 1- Obese Endomorph (2.33 %), Group 2 - Short Endo/Mesomorph (28.68 %), Group 3 - Short Ectomorph (32.56 %), Group 4 - Endomorph (22.48 %), and Group 5 - Balanced Mesomorph (13.95 %). Furthermore, the results indicated that the primary factor contributing to the distinctions among the identified clusters in terms of sex is fat tissue. This leads to the conclusion that eating habits cause the given differences, rather than the level of physical activity, regardless of sex.

Este estudio ttuvo como objetivo investigar tipologías corporales basadas en una combinación de características antropomorfológicas básicas y composición corporal, medidas por bioimpedancia multicanal, en una muestra de la población adulta del Líbano. Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 302 sujetos (173 hombres y 129 mujeres) sin trastornos de salud agudos o crónicos. La composición corporal se midió mediante el método de impedancia bioeléctrica multicanal (BIA), utilizando el dispositivo i30 (MEDIANA, Corea). La investigación utilizó 10 variables, incluidas tres variables antropomorfológicas básicas, tres para evaluar la grasa, tres para evaluar el componente muscular y una variable índice. Se utilizó el análisis de conglomerados de K-medias para definir cinco conglomerados específicos (5D) de tipos de cuerpo según el sexo. En base a los resultados, el estudio estableció cinco grupos distintos que representan cinco tipologías corporales diferentes entre los adultos libaneses, categorizados por sexo: muestra masculina, grupo 1: endomorfo obeso (15,61 %), grupo 2: mesomorfo equilibrado (16,76 %), grupo 3 - Endomorfo Corto (30,06 %), Grupo 4 - Mesomorfo Corto (34,10 %), y Grupo 5 - Endomorfo Obeso Patológico (3,47 %); Muestra femenina, Grupo 1: Endomorfo obeso (2,33 %), Grupo 2: Endo/mesomorfo corto (28,68 %), Grupo 3: Ectomorfo corto (32,56 %), Grupo 4: Endomorfo (22,48 %) y Grupo 5: Mesomorfo equilibrado (13,95 %). Además, los resultados indicaron que el factor principal que contribuye a las distinciones entre los grupos identificados en términos de sexo es el tejido adiposo. Esto lleva a la conclusión de que las diferencias dadas son causadas por los hábitos alimentarios, más que por el nivel de actividad física, independientemente del sexo.

The integration of surgical and dermatological techniques in the treatment of cutaneous aging: multidisciplinary approaches and clinical outcomes - a comprehensive systematic review of current literature

This comprehensive review explores the integration of surgical and dermatological techniques in treating cutaneous aging, highlighting the evolution of anti-aging strategies towards more refined and less invasive methods. As aging skin results from a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leading to structural and physiological changes, dermatology has advanced to offer multifaceted treatment approaches. We aimed to review advances and evolution in surgical interventions such as facelifts and blepharoplasty. We will discuss noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques, such as Ultherapy and fat grafting, which are widely used and are the best alternatives to traditional surgery. Other techniques, such as thread lifts and novel materials like polydioxanone (PDO) and polylactic acid (PLA) threads, are also reliable techniques for minimally invasive facial rejuvenation.

Discursos midiáticos e o fenômeno da gordofobia: Teoria do Estado do Conhecimento / Media discourses and the phenomenon of fat phobia: Theory of the State of Knowledge / Discursos mediáticos y el fenómeno de la gordofobia: Teoría del Estado del Conocimiento

A gordofobia caracteriza-se pela discriminação e patologização do sujeito corpulento, ganhando intensidade pela veiculação midiática com discursos pautados nas ciências biomédicas que desconsideram individualidades e subjetividades. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico acerca desses discursos, entre 2002-2021, caracterizado como um estudo qualitativo do tipo Teoria do Estado do Conhecimento, com a busca nas bases de dados do SciELO (2 artigos); BDTD (3 dissertações e 1 tese) e OASISBR (2 artigos). Evidenciou-se que os saberes do modelo biomédico (normalidade e patologia) nas discursividades midiáticas têm enaltecido o corpo magro como "ideal", enquanto o corpo gordo tem sido visto como doente, impondo-se culpabilidade e estigmatização (AU).

Fatphobia is characterized by discrimination and patho-logization of the corpulent subject, gaining intensity through me-dia coverage with discourses based on biomedical sciences that disregard individualities and subjectivities. This study aimed to car-ry out a bibliographical survey regarding these speeches, between 2002-2021, characterized as a qualitative study of the Theory of the State of Knowledge type, with a search in the SciELO databases (2 articles); Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations - (BDTD) (3 dissertations and 1 thesis) and Brazilian Open Access Publications and Scientific Data Portal - (OASISBR) (2 articles). It was evident that the knowledge of the biomedical model (norma-lity and pathology) in the media discourse has praised the thin body as "ideal", while the fat body has been seen as sick, imposing guilt and stigmatization (AU).

La gordofobia se caracteriza por la discriminación y pa-tologización del sujeto corpulento, cobrando intensidad a través de la divulgación mediática con discursos basados en las ciencias biomédicas que prescinden de individualidades y subjetividades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un levantamiento biblio-gráfico sobre estos discursos, entre 2002-2021, caracterizado como un estudio cualitativo del tipo Teoría del Estado del Conocimiento, con búsqueda en las bases de datos SciELO (2 artículos); BDTD (3 disertaciones y 1 tesis) y OASISBR (2 artículos). Se evidenció que el conocimiento del modelo biomédico (normalidad y patología) en el discurso mediático ha elogiado el cuerpo delgado como "ideal", mientras que el cuerpo gordo ha sido visto como enfermo, impo-niendo culpa y estigmatización (AU).

O Treinamento Resistido Atenua a Remodelação Cardíaca Induzida por uma Dieta Hiperlipídica em Roedores: Uma Revisão Sistemática / Resistance Exercise Training Mitigates Cardiac Remodeling Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Rodents: A Systematic Review

Resumo Fundamento A obesidade está associada ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e constitui um grave problema de saúde pública. Em modelos animais, a alimentação com uma dieta hiperlipídica (DH) compromete a estrutura e a função cardíaca e promove estresse oxidativo e apoptose. O treinamento resistido (TR), entretanto, tem sido recomendado como coadjuvante no tratamento de doenças cardiometabólicas, incluindo a obesidade, porque aumenta o gasto energético e estimula a lipólise. Objetivo Na presente revisão sistemática, nosso objetivo foi avaliar os benefícios do TR no coração de ratos e camundongos alimentados com DH. Métodos Foram identificados estudos originais por meio de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Embase de dezembro de 2007 a dezembro de 2022. O presente estudo foi conduzido de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo PRISMA e registrado no PROSPERO (CRD42022369217). O risco de viés e a qualidade metodológica foram avaliados pelo SYRCLE e CAMARADES, respectivamente. Os estudos elegíveis incluíram artigos originais publicados em inglês que avaliaram desfechos cardíacos em roedores submetidos a mais de 4 semanas de TR e controlados por um grupo controle sedentário alimentado com DH (n = 5). Resultados Os resultados mostraram que o TR atenua o estresse oxidativo cardíaco, a inflamação e o estresse do retículo endoplasmático. Também modifica a atividade de marcadores de remodelamento estrutural, apesar de não alterar parâmetros biométricos, parâmetros histomorfométricos ou a função contrátil dos cardiomiócitos. Conclusão Nossos resultados indicam que o TR parcialmente neutraliza o remodelamento cardíaco adverso induzido pela DH, aumentando a atividade dos marcadores de remodelamento estrutural; elevando a biogênese mitocondrial; reduzindo o estresse oxidativo, marcadores inflamatórios e estresse do retículo endoplasmático; e melhorando os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, antropométricos e metabólicos.

Abstract Background Obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and is a serious public health problem. In animal models, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs cardiac structure and function and promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis. Resistance exercise training (RT), however, has been recommended as coadjutant in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, because it increases energy expenditure and stimulates lipolysis. Objective In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the benefits of RT on the heart of rats and mice fed HFD. Methods Original studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases from December 2007 to December 2022. This study was conducted in accordance with the criteria established by PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022369217). The risk of bias and methodological quality was evaluated by SYRCLE and CAMARADES, respectively. Eligible studies included original articles published in English that evaluated cardiac outcomes in rodents submitted to over 4 weeks of RT and controlled by a sedentary, HFD-fed control group (n = 5). Results The results showed that RT mitigates cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. It also modifies the activity of structural remodeling markers, although it does not alter biometric parameters, histomorphometric parameters, or the contractile function of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Our results indicate that RT partially counteracts the HFD-induced adverse cardiac remodeling by increasing the activity of structural remodeling markers; elevating mitochondrial biogenesis; reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; and improving hemodynamic, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters.

Study on Body Composition of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: A Morphological Study / Estudio sobre la Composición Corporal de Pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Mediante Absorciometría de Rayos X de Energía Dual: Un Estudio Morfológico

SUMMARY: Diabetes is a form of endocrine disease. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) provides a detailed view of the body composition to find out what makes people with diabetes different from those with other diseases. We scanned 371 patients with DXA to analyze their body composition parameters. Three hundreds and seventy one patients (178 women/193 men), who with different diseases, with a mean±SD Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25.32±8.3 kg/m2 were included. The body composition of 371 patients was assessed. Bone Mineral Density (BMD), Fat Weight, Lean Weight, waist-to-hip ratio, Lean Mass Index (LMI), Fat Mass Index (FMI), the relationship between Fat percentage and BMI were analyzed. The 371 patients included 156 diabetics and 215 non-diabetics. Non-diabetic patients also included 5 obesity patients, 9 patients with fatty liver, 39 patients with hypertension, 22 patients with hyperlipidemia, 18 patients with cardiovascular disease, 11 patients with chest and lung disease, 4 patients with chronic disease, 14 patients with brain disease and 93 patients with other diseases. Among 156 diabetic patients, 129 had VAT > 100 cm2 and 27 had VAT ≤100 cm2. The lean weight (LW) of male diabetic patients was significantly higher than that of female diabetic patients. The fat weight (FW) of female patients with diabetes was significantly higher than that of male patients. The waist-hip ratio (WHR) was 1.37 ± 0.25 in male diabetic patients and 1.18 ± 0.21 in female diabetic patients. Among the 215 non-diabetic patients, the obese and fatty liver patients, which the weight (WT) (obesity: 83.87 ± 8.34 kg fat liver: 85.64±28.60 kg), FW (obesity: 28.56 ± 4.18 kg fat liver: 28.61 ± 10.79 kg), LW (obesity: 52.62 ± 9.64 kg fat liver: 54.29±17.58 kg), BMI (obesity: 28.76 ± 1.88 kg/m2 fat liver: 29.10 ± 5.95 kg/m2), was much higher than other patients. Diabetes patients had less fat mass than non- diabetic patients; the difference was around 2 kg. BMI is also a modest number. BMD doesn't differ all that much. Non-diabetic patients with fatty liver obesity and cardiovascular disease had higher fat mass and BMI than patients with other illnesses. Body composition can provide precise information on the makeup of different body areas, but further in-depth exams are required to ascertain the body's endocrine profile.

La diabetes es una enfermedad endocrina. La absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DXA) proporciona una vista detallada de la composición corporal para descubrir qué diferencia a las personas con diabetes de aquellas con otras enfermedades. Escaneamos a 371 pacientes con DXA para analizar sus parámetros de composición corporal. Se incluyeron 371 pacientes (178 mujeres/193 hombres), con diferentes enfermedades, con un Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) medio ± DE de 25,32 ± 8,3 kg/m2. Se evaluó la composición corporal de 371 pacientes. Se analizaron la densidad mineral ósea (DMO), el peso graso, el peso magro, la relación cintura-cadera, el índice de masa magra (LMI), el índice de masa grasa (FMI), y la relación entre el porcentaje de grasa y el IMC. De los 371 pacientes 156 eran diabéticos y 215 no diabéticos. Los pacientes no diabéticos también incluyeron 5 con obesidad, 9 con hígado graso, 39 con hipertensión, 22 con hiperlipidemia, 18 con enfermedad cardiovascular, 11 con enfermedad torácica y pulmonar, 4 con enfermedad crónica, 14 con enfermedad cerebral y 93 pacientes con otras enfermedades. Entre los 156 pacientes diabéticos, 129 tenían un IVA > 100 cm2 y 27 tenían un IVA ≤100 cm2. El peso magro (PV) de los hombres diabéticos fue significativamente mayor que el de las mujeres diabéticas. El peso graso (FW) de las mujeres diabéticas fue significativamente mayor que el de los hombres diabéticos. El índice cintura-cadera (ICC) fue de 1,37 ± 0,25 en hombres diabéticos y de 1,18 ± 0,21 en mujeres diabéticas. Entre los 215 pacientes no diabéticos, los pacientes obesos y con hígado graso, cuyo peso (WT) (obesidad: 83,87 ± 8,34 kg hígado graso: 85,64 ± 28,60 kg), FW (obesidad: 28,56 ± 4,18 kg hígado graso: 28,61 ± 10,79 kg), PV (obesidad: 52,62 ± 9,64 kg, hígado graso: 54,29 ± 17,58 kg), IMC (obesidad: 28,76 ± 1,88 kg/m2, hígado graso: 29,10 ± 5,95 kg/m2), fue mucho mayor que otros pacientes. Los pacientes diabéticos tenían menos masa grasa que los pacientes no diabéticos; la diferencia fue de alrededor de 2 kg. La DMO no difiere mucho. Los pacientes no diabéticos con obesidad debido al hígado graso y enfermedades cardiovasculares tenían mayor masa grasa e IMC que los pacientes con otras enfermedades. La composición corporal puede proporcionar información precisa sobre la composición de diferentes áreas del cuerpo, pero se requieren exámenes más profundos para determinar el perfil endocrino del cuerpo.

Standing-Long-Jump Test Application in Identifying Female Adolescents at Risk of Sarcopenic Obesity / Aplicación de la Prueba de Salto de Longitud de Pie para Identificar a Adolescentes con Riesgo de Obesidad Sarcopénica

SUMMARY: The identification of children and adolescents who are at risk of sarcopenic obesity development often requires specialized equipment and expensive test procedures. Therefore, the establishment of cheaper and faster methods would be greatly useful, especially if they could be applied in the field. The study's objective was to establish if identification of female adolescents who suffer the risk of developing sarcopenic obesity can be obtained through the standing-long-jump test application. To achieve the research objectives, various anthropometric and body composition measurements were performed and lower limb explosive strength was assessed using the standing long jump fitness test. The research was conducted on a sample of 535 female respondents randomly selected from 9 elementary schools in the Skopje region of the Republic of North Macedonia. The respondents were divided into quintiles according to BMI z-scores, and the arithmetic means and SD about muscle-to-fat ratio were calculated for each quintile. The cutoff was determined based on the mean and standard deviation of the muscle-to-fat ratio for the 3rd quintile of BMI and the percentage of respondents with sarcopenic obesity was examined. The optimal cut-off value of the long jump fitness test results for predicting sarcopenic obesity in an adolescent girl showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.781 (95 % CI 0.743-0.815). The standing-long-jump test values, on grounds of odds ratio (OR 95 % CI) about the girls at risk of sarcopenic obesity development, which was identified on muscle-to-fat ratio base, were 8.76 (4.39 - 17.54, p 0.001). It can be used to predict sarcopenic obesity presence in female adolescents, which can be vital in case of health intervention.

La identificación de niños y adolescentes que corren riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica a menudo requiere equipos especializados y procedimientos de pruebas costosos. Por lo tanto, el establecimiento de métodos más baratos y rápidos sería de gran utilidad, especialmente si pudieran aplicarse en el campo. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer si la identificación de mujeres adolescentes que sufren riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica se puede obtener mediante la aplicación de la prueba de salto de longitud de pie. Para lograr los objetivos de la investigación, se realizaron diversas mediciones antropométricas y de composición corporal y se evaluó la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores mediante la prueba de aptitud de salto de longitud de pie. La investigación se realizó con una muestra de 535 mujeres encuestadas seleccionadas al azar de 9 escuelas primarias de la región de Skopje, en la República de Macedonia del Norte. Los encuestados se dividieron en quintiles según las puntuaciones z del IMC, y se calcularon las medias aritméticas y la DE sobre la relación músculo-grasa para cada quintil. El límite se determinó en función de la media y la desviación estándar de la relación músculo-grasa para el tercer quintil del IMC y se examinó el porcentaje de encuestados con obesidad sarcopénica. El valor de corte óptimo de los resultados de la prueba de condición física de salto de longitud para predecir la obesidad sarcopénica en una adolescente mostró que el área bajo la curva ROC fue 0,781 (IC del 95 %: 0,743-0,815). Los valores de la prueba de salto de longitud de pie, sobre la base del odds ratio (OR IC del 95 %) sobre las niñas en riesgo de desarrollar obesidad sarcopénica, que se identificó sobre la base del ratio músculo-grasa, fueron 8,76 (4,39 - 17,54, p. 0,001). Puede utilizarse para predecir la presencia de obesidad sarcopénica en adolescentes, lo que puede ser vital en caso de intervención sanitaria.

Discursos midiáticos e o fenômeno da gordofobia: Teoria do Estado do Conhecimento / Media discourses and the phenomenon of fat phobia: Theory of the State of Knowledge / Discursos mediáticos y el fenómeno de la gordofobia: Teoría del Estado del Conocimiento

A gordofobia caracteriza-se pela discriminação e patolo-gização do sujeito corpulento, ganhando intensidade pela veicu-lação midiática com discursos pautados nas ciências biomédicas que desconsideram individualidades e subjetividades. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico acerca desses discursos, entre 2002-2021, caracterizado como um estudo qualitativo do tipo Teoria do Estado do Conhecimento, com a bus-ca nas bases de dados do SciELO (2 artigos); BDTD (3 dissertações e 1 tese) e OASISBR (2 artigos). Evidenciou-se que os saberes do modelo biomédico (normalidade e patologia) nas discursividades midiáticas têm enaltecido o corpo magro como "ideal", enquanto o corpo gordo tem sido visto como doente, impondo-se culpabilida-de e estigmatização.

Fatphobia is characterized by discrimination and patho-logization of the corpulent subject, gaining intensity through me-dia coverage with discourses based on biomedical sciences that disregard individualities and subjectivities. This study aimed to car-ry out a bibliographical survey regarding these speeches, between 2002-2021, characterized as a qualitative study of the Theory of the State of Knowledge type, with a search in the SciELO databases (2 articles); Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations - (BDTD) (3 dissertations and 1 thesis) and Brazilian Open Access Publications and Scientific Data Portal - (OASISBR) (2 articles). It was evident that the knowledge of the biomedical model (norma-lity and pathology) in the media discourse has praised the thin body as "ideal", while the fat body has been seen as sick, imposing guilt and stigmatization.

La gordofobia se caracteriza por la discriminación y pa-tologización del sujeto corpulento, cobrando intensidad a través de la divulgación mediática con discursos basados en las ciencias biomédicas que prescinden de individualidades y subjetividades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un levantamiento biblio-gráfico sobre estos discursos, entre 2002-2021, caracterizado como un estudio cualitativo del tipo Teoría del Estado del Conocimiento, con búsqueda en las bases de datos SciELO (2 artículos); BDTD (3 disertaciones y 1 tesis) y OASISBR (2 artículos). Se evidenció que el conocimiento del modelo biomédico (normalidad y patología) en el discurso mediático ha elogiado el cuerpo delgado como "ideal", mientras que el cuerpo gordo ha sido visto como enfermo, impo-niendo culpa y estigmatización.

Progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different muscle mass levels / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the difference of the disease progression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with different muscle mass levels and the influence of related factors on the disease progression. Methods A total of 308 newly diagnosed patients with COPD from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected for this study. All patients were below moderate COPD. The patients were divided into two groups according to their muscle mass levels: sarcopenia group (98 cases) and control group (210 cases). The diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia were based on sarcopenia diagnostic thresholds: RSMI 2 in men and 2 for women. All subjects were followed up for 4 months to observe the progress of the patient's condition. The correlation between the muscle mass level and pulmonary function level, as well as the results of 6-minute walking test and CAT score was evaluated, and the influence of muscle mass level on the patient's disease progress was analyzed. At the same time, the potential influence of related factors (body fat rate, vitamin D level, etc.) on the condition of patients with different muscle mass levels was discussed. SPSS 19.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis. Results Under the same treatment intervention, the baseline and follow-up lung function improvement levels of patients in the sarcopenia group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At the same time, the baseline and follow-up 6-minute walk test results of the patients in the sarcopenia group were also worse than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Further correlation analysis was carried out between the patient's muscle mass level and the post-treatment pulmonary function indicators and 6MWD test level. The results showed that the muscle mass level was positively correlated with several pulmonary function indicators (FEV1, FEV1% predict) and 6MWD (both P<0.05). Considering the possible influence of other factors on the control and progress of the patient's condition, the present study used follow-up CAT score results to distinguish the prognosis of the patient's condition improvement, and used improvement and non-improvement as dependent variables to analyze the influence of various potential influencing factors. The results of regression model analysis showed that lower baseline muscle mass, women, lower body fat percentage, and lower vitamin D level were the main risk factors. Conclusion Under the same treatment condition, COPD patients with different muscle mass levels improve more slowly when complicated with sarcopenia and have poor prognosis. Women, lower body fat percentage and lower vitamin D level are potential risk factors for poor prognosis.

Effect of lumbar bone marrow composition on bone marrow diffusion signal intensity and apparent diffusion coefficient in healthy adult women / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the effect of lumbar bone marrow composition on bone marrow diffu-sion-weighted imaging(DWI)in healthy adult women.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on up-per abdominal MRI of 103 adult women.Bone marrow fat fraction of lumbar vertebra was measured according to two-point water-lipid separation technique,and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)value of lumbar verte-bra was measured according to DWI image(b=800 s/mm2).The subjects were divided into the high-signal group and the equal-low-signal group according to the signal intensity of lumbar vertebra and adjacent erector spine muscles.The effects of age,lumbar bone marrow fat fraction and menstrual status on the signal intensity and ADC value of lumbar bone marrow diffusion were analyzed.Finally,the correlation between lumbar bone marrow fat fraction and ADC value was analyzed.Results Univariate analysis showed that the lumbar bone marrow diffusion signal intensity and ADC value were affected by age,lumbar bone marrow fat fraction and menstrual status(P＜0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that age(P=0.046)and lumbar bone marrow fat fraction(P=0.005)were the influencing factors of lumbar bone marrow diffusion signal intensity,but men-strual status(P=0.242)was not the influencing factor.In addition,lumbar bone marrow fat fraction(P＜0.001)was the factor influencing the ADC value of lumbar bone marrow,and the two were negatively correla-ted(r=-0.607,P＜0.001),but age(P=0.497)and menstrual status(P=0.082)were not the influencing factors.Conclusion The bone marrow composition of lumbar vertebrae in healthy adult women has significant effects on the signal intensity and ADC value of bone marrow diffusion.

Effect of visceral fat thickness on the difficulty of renal transplantation and postoperative complications / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of visceral fat thickness before operation on the operative difficulty and postoperative complications in renal transplantation recipients.Methods:A total of 179 patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease who underwent kidney transplantation in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively included. According to the visceral fat thickness measured by CT before transplantation (distance from anterior wall of abdominal aorta to parietal peritoneum at 1 cm above umbilicus), patients were divided into two groups, with 103 patients in thin visceral fat group with visceral fat thickness ≤7.5 cm and 76 patients in thick visceral fat group with visceral fat thickness>7.5 cm. The epidemiological data before renal transplantation, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, renal function after transplantation and patients′ recovery state were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), and independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups. The Chi-square test was used to compare the count data. Results:The mean age and body mass index of patients in thin visceral fat group [(38.70±11.50) years and (21.28±2.93) kg/m 2] were lower than those in thick visceral fat group [(43.14±11.42) years and (24.78±3.37) kg/m 2], and the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in other preoperative epidemiological data between the two groups ( P>0.05). In terms of operation difficulty, the mean operation time of thin visceral fat group was (117.16±34.33) min, which was significantly shorter than that of thick visceral fat group (137.11±20.02) min. The mean intraoperative blood loss in the thin visceral fat group was (89.12±45.95) mL, which was lower than that in the thick visceral fat group (125.39±54.88) mL, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.001). In terms of postoperative complications, 41 patients in the thin visceral fat group had postoperative infection, incision pain and intraoperative effusion, and the incidence was 39.8% (41/103), which was significantly lower than that in the thick visceral fat group (78.9%, 60/76), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001); However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher complications between the two groups ( P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum creatinine levels at 3, 5, 7 days and 1, 2 months after surgery among patients with different visceral fat thickness ( P> 0.05). However, the mean serum creatinine level in the thin visceral fat group was (116.06±36.45) μmol/L, which was lower than that in the thick visceral fat group (133.35±72.26) μmol/L, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.038). There was no significant difference in the incidence of delayed renal function recovery between the two groups ( P> 0.05). At the same time, there was no significant difference in postoperative drainage tube indwelling time and hospital stay between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusions:The thicker visceral fat in end-stage renal disease patients before transplantation, the higher the incidence of general postoperative complications, but the severity of complications, patients′ recovery after transplantation and the short-term function of the transplanted kidney are not significantly related to the thickness of visceral fat in the recipients. Meanwhile, although the visceral fat thickness of the recipients in this study was correlated with serum creatinine levels at 3 months after transplantation, its correlation with long-term graft renal function and graft survival time remains to be further studied.

YANG Yu-Feng's Experience in Treating Seborrheic Alopecia Using the Method of Strengthening the Spleen,Dispelling Dampness,Controlling Oil and Removing Fat / 广州中医药大学学报

Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and clinical manifestations of seborrheic alopecia,Professor YANG Yu-Feng believes that the fundamental pathogenesis of seborrheic alopecia is due to spleen deficiency with dampness accumulation,and dampness and fat sharing the same origin.The internal accumulation of dampness and turbidity results from the deficiency of spleen,and then the dampness and turbidity blended with heat attack the head and face.For dampness and fat share the same origin,the turbid fat forms,and then overflows and blocks the hair roots,which causes the qi and blood being difficult to go upward and nourish the hair roots,and then induces hair loss.Among them,spleen deficiency with dampness accumulation is the core pathogenesis of the disease,heat activating the movement of dampness is the key pathogenesis to the disease,and the disharmony of qi and blood is the pivot of the pathogenesis.For the treatment of seborrheic alopecia,Professor YANG Yu-Feng suggested that the hair root should be unblocked and the hair quality should be nourished by blood essence,and emphasized the importance of the method of invigorating the spleen and removing dampness,controlling oil and removing fat in dredging the hair root and relieving seborrheic alopecia.It is proposed that invigorating the spleen and removing dampness is the key,expelling wind and clearing heat is for assistance,and harmonizing qi and blood serves as the pivot.

Increased expression of m6A demethylase FTO inhibits the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the expression of N6 methyladenine(m6A)demethylase human fat mass and obesity-associated(FTO)protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC),and the effect of over-expression of FTO on the proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.Methods Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of FTO protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and para-cancerous tissues;The dominant expression cell line of FTO was screened,the over-expression FTO cell line was constructed.The cell pro-liferation was examined by soft-agar method.A mouse tumor model was developed for measurement of tumor growth.ResultsThe expression of FTO in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was lower than that in adjacent tissues.Low ex-pression of FTO promoted proliferation of NPC cells,while over-expression of FTO reversed this effect.Conclusions FTO inhibits proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and this result may provide an experimental technology in searching therapeutic targets of chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nutlin-3a regulates mouse adipose function by inhibition of CIDEC expression / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of Nutlin-3a,a mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)inhibitor,on lipid metabolism of mouse adipose.Methods High-fat diet-induced obesity(DIO)C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group injected with DMSO and an experimental group injected with Nutlin-3a.Then we conducted glucose tolerance(GTT)and insulin tolerance(ITT)tests.The epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT),inguinal white adipose tissue(iWAT)and brown adipose tissue(BAT)of animals were isolated and microscopy of WATs with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of adipocytes.The expression of lipid metabolism related gene cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector C(CIDEC)in eWAT were detected by qPCR and Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,Nutlin-3a was found to promote the body weight(P＜0.001),but no effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in DIO mice.Nutlin-3a treatment decreased the size of adipocytes and fat deposition in adipose tissue and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of CIDEC in eWAT.Conclusions Nutlin-3a inhibits the formation of lipid droplets by downregulating expression of CIDEC in white adipose tissue.

Downregulation of demethylase FTO inhibits proliferation of human liver cancer cell line HepG2 / 基础医学与临床

Objective To explore the mechanism of the demethylase fat mass and obesity associatal(FTO)gene on the proliferation of human liver cancer cell line HepG2.Methods HepG2 cells were divided into the control group,FTO group(transfected with FTO over-expression plasmid),si-FTO group(transfected with si-FTO)and si-FTO+si-FoxO1 group(simultaneously transfected with si-FTO and si-FoxO1).The expression of FTO in cells was detected by RT-qPCR.Cell proliferation,invasion and apoptosis were examined using CCK-8 assay,Transwell chamber assay and flow cytometry,respectively.Dot blot assay was performed to measure m6 A methylation,and protein expression of FoxO1 in cells was detected by Western blot.Results Analysis of overall survival in liver cancer patients using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)showed higher expression of FTO associated with shorter survival(P＜0.05).Compared with normal liver cells HL7702,FTO relative expression was significantly increased in human liver cancer cells HepG2(P＜0.05).The relative expression of FTO in si-FTO group cells was lower than that in the control group,while the relative expression of FTO in FTO group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The relative expression of FTO in the si-FTO+si-FoxO1 group was higher than that in the si-FTO group(P＜0.05).Compared with the Control group,cell viability,count of invasive cells,relative level of m6 A were significantly decreased,while apoptosis rate and protein expression of FoxO1 were significantly increased in the si-FTO group(P＜0.05).Cell viability,count of invasive cells,and relative expression level of m6 A were sig-nificantly higher,while apoptosis rate and protein expression of FoxO1 were significantly lower in the FTO group compared to the Control group(P＜0.05).Compared with the si-FTO group,cell viability,invasive cells and rela-tive level of m6 A were significantly increased,while apoptosis rate and protein expression of FoxO1 were significant-ly decreased in the si-FTO+si-FoxO1 group(P＜0.05).Conclusion High expression of FTO is associated with poor clinical prognosis.Knockdown of the demethylase FTO gene inhibits proliferation and invasion of liver cancer cells and induces their apoptosis.The mechanism is potentially related to the regulation of FoxO1.

Progress of research on m6A demethylases in gastric cancer / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignancies in the digestive system.Many patients are found in advanced stage and have a poor prognosis.Surgery and chemotherapy remain the main treatments for gastric cancer.N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is a hot topic in tumor research in recent years.As the most common form of RNA modification in eukaryotes,m6A can regulate various stages of the RNA cycle,including RNA splicing,processing,degradation,and translation,thereby regulating RNA expression and function,playing a critical role in various pathways such as cell differentiation,development,and metabolism.The m6A demethylase can remove methyl groups on RNA,ensuring that m6A methylation is a dynamic and reversible process.As a key enzyme in the m6A methylation process,the imbalance of m6A demethylases fat mass and obesity-associated protein(FTO),AlkB homolog 5(ALKBH5)and ALKBH3 regulate the progression of gastric cancer through various mechanisms,which is closely related to the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.These m6A demethylases regulate the signaling pathway,alter the proliferation and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells,affect its resistance to chemotherapy drugs,participate in regulating the immune response and mitochondrial metabolism of gastric cancer,and affect the growth of gastric cancer cells.They are expected to become a novel therapeutic target.This article comprehensively summarizes the molecular mechanism of m6A demethylase involved in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer,and the relationship between its expression and function,and biological characteristics of m6A demethylase were reviewed,aiming to provide new research ideas for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of gastric cancer.