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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469299

ABSTRACT

Abstract Indices are used to help on decision-making. This study aims to develop and test an index, which can determine the loss (e.g., herbivorous insects) and solution (e.g., natural enemies) sources. They will be classified according to their importance regarding the ability to damage or to reduce the source of damage to the system when the final production is unknown. Acacia auriculiformis (Fabales: Fabaceae), a non-native pioneer species in Brazil with fast growth and rusticity, is used in restoration programs, and it is adequate to evaluate a new index. The formula was: Percentage of the Importance Indice-Production Unknown (% I.I.-PU) = [(ks1 x c1 x ds1)/ (ks1 x c1 x ds1) + (ks2 x c2 x ds2) + (ksn x cn x dsn)] x 100. The loss sources Aethalion reticulatum L., 1767 (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae), Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera), Stereoma anchoralis Lacordaire, 1848 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and Tettigoniidae, and solution sources Uspachus sp. (Araneae: Salticidae), Salticidae (Araneae), and Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1877) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) showed the highest % I.I.-PU on leaves of A. auriculiformis saplings. The number of Diabrotica speciosa Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was reduced per number of Salticidae; that of A. reticulatum that of Uspachus sp.; and that of Cephalocoema sp. (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae) that of P. termitarius on A. auriculiformis saplings. However, the number of Aleyrodidae was increased per number of Cephalotes sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and that of A. reticulatum that of Brachymyrmex sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on A. auriculiformis saplings. The A. reticulatum damage was reduced per number of Uspachus sp., but the Aleyrodidae damage was increased per number of Cephalotes sp., totaling 23.81% of increase by insect damages on A. auriculiformis saplings. Here I show and test the % I.I.-PU. It is an new index that can detect the loss or solution sources on a system when production is unknown. It can be applied in some knowledge areas.


Resumo Índices são usados para ajudar na tomada de decisões. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e testar um índice capaz de determinar fontes de perda (ex.: insetos herbívoros) e de solução (ex.: inimigos naturais). Eles serão classificados de acordo com sua importância quanto a habilidade de danificar ou reduzir danos no sistema, quando a produção final é desconhecida. Acacia auriculiformis (Fabales: Fabaceae), uma espécie pioneira não nativa do Brasil com rápido crescimento e rusticidade, usada em programas de restauração, é adequada para avaliar um novo índice. A fórmula foi: Porcentagem de Índice de Importância-Produção Desconhecida (% I.I.-PD) = [(ks1 x c1 x ds1)/ (ks1 x c1 x ds1) + (ks2 x c2 x ds2) + (ksn x cn x dsn)] x 100. As fontes de perda Aethalion reticulatum L., 1767 (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae), Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera), Stereoma anchoralis Lacordaire, 1848 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) e Tettigoniidae, e as fontes de solução Uspachus sp. (Araneae: Salticidae), Salticidae (Araneae) e Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1877) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) apresentaram maiores % I.I.-PD nas folhas das mudas de A. auriculiformis. O número de Diabrotica speciosa Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) foi reduzido pelo número de Salticidae; o de A. reticulatum pelo de Uspachus sp.; e o de Cephalocoema sp. (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae) pelo de P. termitarius em mudas de A. auriculiformis. Entretanto, o número de Aleyrodidae foi aumentado pelo número de Cephalotes sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e o de A. reticulatum pelo de Brachymyrmex sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em mudas de A. auriculiformis. O dano de A. reticulatum foi reduzido pelo número de Uspachus sp., mas o dano de Aleyrodidae foi aumentado pelo número de Cephalotes sp., totalizando 23,81% de aumento de danos em mudas de A. auriculiformis. Aqui eu apresento e testo o % I.I.-PD. Ele é um novo índice capaz de detectar fontes de perda e de solução no sistema quando não se conhece a produção final. Ele pode ser aplicado em algumas áreas do conhecimento.

2.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e253218, 2024. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355863

ABSTRACT

Abstract Indices are used to help on decision-making. This study aims to develop and test an index, which can determine the loss (e.g., herbivorous insects) and solution (e.g., natural enemies) sources. They will be classified according to their importance regarding the ability to damage or to reduce the source of damage to the system when the final production is unknown. Acacia auriculiformis (Fabales: Fabaceae), a non-native pioneer species in Brazil with fast growth and rusticity, is used in restoration programs, and it is adequate to evaluate a new index. The formula was: Percentage of the Importance Indice-Production Unknown (% I.I.-PU) = [(ks1 x c1 x ds1)/Σ (ks1 x c1 x ds1) + (ks2 x c2 x ds2) + (ksn x cn x dsn)] x 100. The loss sources Aethalion reticulatum L., 1767 (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae), Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera), Stereoma anchoralis Lacordaire, 1848 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and Tettigoniidae, and solution sources Uspachus sp. (Araneae: Salticidae), Salticidae (Araneae), and Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1877) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) showed the highest % I.I.-PU on leaves of A. auriculiformis saplings. The number of Diabrotica speciosa Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was reduced per number of Salticidae; that of A. reticulatum that of Uspachus sp.; and that of Cephalocoema sp. (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae) that of P. termitarius on A. auriculiformis saplings. However, the number of Aleyrodidae was increased per number of Cephalotes sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and that of A. reticulatum that of Brachymyrmex sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on A. auriculiformis saplings. The A. reticulatum damage was reduced per number of Uspachus sp., but the Aleyrodidae damage was increased per number of Cephalotes sp., totaling 23.81% of increase by insect damages on A. auriculiformis saplings. Here I show and test the % I.I.-PU. It is an new index that can detect the loss or solution sources on a system when production is unknown. It can be applied in some knowledge areas.


Resumo Índices são usados para ajudar na tomada de decisões. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e testar um índice capaz de determinar fontes de perda (ex.: insetos herbívoros) e de solução (ex.: inimigos naturais). Eles serão classificados de acordo com sua importância quanto a habilidade de danificar ou reduzir danos no sistema, quando a produção final é desconhecida. Acacia auriculiformis (Fabales: Fabaceae), uma espécie pioneira não nativa do Brasil com rápido crescimento e rusticidade, usada em programas de restauração, é adequada para avaliar um novo índice. A fórmula foi: Porcentagem de Índice de Importância-Produção Desconhecida (% I.I.-PD) = [(ks1 x c1 x ds1)/Σ (ks1 x c1 x ds1) + (ks2 x c2 x ds2) + (ksn x cn x dsn)] x 100. As fontes de perda Aethalion reticulatum L., 1767 (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae), Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera), Stereoma anchoralis Lacordaire, 1848 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) e Tettigoniidae, e as fontes de solução Uspachus sp. (Araneae: Salticidae), Salticidae (Araneae) e Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1877) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) apresentaram maiores % I.I.-PD nas folhas das mudas de A. auriculiformis. O número de Diabrotica speciosa Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) foi reduzido pelo número de Salticidae; o de A. reticulatum pelo de Uspachus sp.; e o de Cephalocoema sp. (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae) pelo de P. termitarius em mudas de A. auriculiformis. Entretanto, o número de Aleyrodidae foi aumentado pelo número de Cephalotes sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e o de A. reticulatum pelo de Brachymyrmex sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) em mudas de A. auriculiformis. O dano de A. reticulatum foi reduzido pelo número de Uspachus sp., mas o dano de Aleyrodidae foi aumentado pelo número de Cephalotes sp., totalizando 23,81% de aumento de danos em mudas de A. auriculiformis. Aqui eu apresento e testo o % I.I.-PD. Ele é um novo índice capaz de detectar fontes de perda e de solução no sistema quando não se conhece a produção final. Ele pode ser aplicado em algumas áreas do conhecimento.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ants , Coleoptera , Acacia , Hemiptera , Insecta
3.
Acta biol. colomb ; 27(1): 79-87, ene.-abr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360052

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Se estimó la diversidad y fluctuación anual de cerambícidos asociados al borde e interior de una selva tropical. La captura de insectos se realizó con trampas de intercepción cebadas con alcohol etílico y luz ultravioleta como atrayente. Se recolectaron 295 especímenes de tres subfamilias, pertenecientes a 56 especies de 38 géneros. Lamiinae fue la subfamilia con mayor riqueza, con 40 especies distribuidas en 20 géneros, para Cerambycinae se recolectaron 14 especies de 12 géneros y para Parandrinae dos especies de un género. El género con mayor abundancia fue Leptostylus con ocho especies. Se identificaron seis especies como nuevos registros para México y 29 para Tabasco. En el borde de la selva se recolectaron 155 especímenes de dos subfamilias, pertenecientes a 37 especies de 26 géneros. En el interior se recolectaron 140 especímenes de tres subfamilias pertenecientes a 36 especies de 26 géneros. Se determinó que las comunidades comparten 17 especies. El mayor valor de diversidad verdadera se obtuvo en el borde con 15,96 y la menor en el interior con 12,69. Se determinó que los valores de A, A* y A+ implican una baja separación filogenética entre las especies de cerambícidos en ambas comunidades. La fluctuación temporal de la comunidad de cerambícidos presentó los máximos valores de abundancia en febrero, mayo y agosto, meses donde se registra una reducción en la precipitación. Finalmente, la curva de acumulación de especies aún no presenta una asíntota, por lo que se podría incrementar los nuevos registros.


ABSTRACT The diversity and annual fluctuation of cerambicids associated with the rain forest edge and interior was estimated. The capture of insects was performed with interception traps baited with ethyl alcohol and ultraviolet light traps used as attractants. 295 specimens from three subfamilies, belonging to 56 species of 38 genera were collected. Lamiinae was the richest subfamily, with 40 species distributed in 20 genera, for Cerambycinae 14 species from 12 genera were collected and for Parandrinae two species of one genus. The most abundant genus was Leptostylus with eight species. Six species were identified as new records for Mexico and 29 for Tabasco. In the forest edge, 155 specimens from two subfamilies, belonging to 37 species from 26 genera, were collected. In the forest interior 140 specimens were collected from three subfamilies, belonging to 36 species from 26 genera. It was determined that the communities have 17 shared species. The maximum value of true diversity was obtained in the forest edge with 15.96 and the minimum value in the forest interior with 12.69. The values of A, A * and A+ were determined and implied a low phylogenetic separation between the cerambycid species in both communities. The temporal fluctuation of the Cerambycidae community presented the maximum values abundance in February, May and August, months where there is a reduction in the precipitation. Finally, the species accumulation curve does not present an asymptote, so new records may increase.

4.
Acta biol. colomb ; 26(3): 327-334, sep.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360027

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los parámetros genéticos de las características biométricas del fruto y semillas de Caesalpinia ebano. La investigación se realizó en Montería (Colombia), se seleccionaron diez árboles, y de cada uno diez frutos tomados al azar. Se realizaron análisis de varianza y estimación de parámetros genéticos para nueve características: peso fresco del fruto, largo del fruto, ancho del fruto, grosor del fruto, número de semillas/fruto, peso de semillas por fruto, peso de una semilla, volumen de una semilla y densidad de una semilla. Se detectaron diferencias estadísticas (p < 0,01) entre árboles, para todas las características, excepto para el ancho del fruto y peso de una semilla; denotando la existencia de variabilidad genética entre los árboles para peso del fruto, largo del fruto, grosor del fruto, número de semillas y densidad de una semilla. El peso y largo del fruto presentaron la heredabilidad media familiar y heredabilidad en el sentido estricto con los valores más altos (h2 Fam > 82 % y h2 E > 30 %). La ganancia genética esperada fue mayor del 10 % en cinco de las nueve características estudiadas, y mayor del 20 % para número de semillas y peso de las semillas (27,31 y 27,87 %, respectivamente). Los caracteres peso y largo del fruto se podrían transmitir a las generaciones sucesivas, con mayor posibilidad de éxito, mediante la selección fenotípica de árboles.


ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of the biometric characteristics of the fruit and seeds of C. ebano. The investigation was carried out in Montería, Córdoba (Colombia); ten trees were selected and from each, ten fruits taken at random. Variance analysis and estimation of genetic parameters for nine traits were carried out: fresh fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, fruit thickness, number of seeds/fruit, weight of seeds by fruit, weight of one seed, volume of one seed and density of one seed. Statistical differences (p < 0.01) were detected between trees, for all traits except for width of the fruit and weight of a seed; denoting the existence of genetic variability between trees for fruit weight, fruit length, fruit thickness, number of seeds and density of a seed. The weight and length of the fruit presented the highest family heritability and narrow sense heritability (h2 Fam > 82 % and h2 E> 30 %). The expected genetic gain was greater than 10 % in five of the nine studied traits, and greater than 20 % for number of seeds and weight of seeds (27.31 and 27.87 %, respectively). The traits fruit weight and length could be transmitted to successive generations, with greater chance of success, by phenotypic selection of trees.

5.
Salud trab. (Maracay) ; 29(1): 35-46, jun. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1370180

ABSTRACT

En los últimos treinta años la forestación se consolidó como sector productivo en Uruguay. A pesar de este crecimiento son escasos los estudios en cuanto a las condiciones de salud de sus trabajadores/as. En función de este problema y de un pedido de formación en salud laboral por parte del sindicato, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo describir el proceso de trabajo en cosecha y viveros forestales, y analizar los procesos peligrosos y positivos para la salud de los/as trabajadores/as. Para esto se diseñó un estudio exploratorio, observacional y descriptivo. Desde un enfoque cualitativo y participativo se realizaron 2 entrevistas en profundidad, 3 talleres de investigación y 2 instancias de restitución de resultados. El trabajo integró a 45 delegados/as en salud laboral y referentes sindicales de distintas empresas, sectores y departamentos del país. Los procesos peligrosos más destacados por los/as trabajadores/as se vincularon con el ambiente de trabajo, la manipulación de sustancias tóxicas y los movimientos estáticos y/o repetitivos. Estos se intensifican a partir del pago por productividad, las presiones en calidad y la diversidad de empresas tercerizadas. En el sector estudiado, los modos de organizar el trabajo son transversales a los procesos peligrosos analizados e inciden en su intensidad. Este diagnóstico colectivo permitió planificar una estrategia conjunta de formación y de promoción de la salud ajustada a las particularidades de la forestación en Uruguay(AU)


Over the past 30 years, forestry has become a consolidated production sector in Uruguay. Despite this growth, there are few studies on health conditions of workers. Based on this problem and a request for occupational health training from the sector's trade union, this exploratory, observational and descriptive study aimed to describe the work processes in forest harvesting and nurseries, and analyze the hazardous and positive processes for workers' health. Using a qualitative and participatory approach, we conducted two in-depth interviews, three research workshops and two sessions on results dissemination. Our study involved 45 occupational health delegates and trade union representatives from different companies, sectors and departments in the country. Most of the hazardous processes were linked to the work environment, handling of toxic substances and static and/or repetitive movements. These were intensified by productivity payments, pressures on quality and the variety of subcontractor companies. In this sector, the ways of organizing work cut across the hazardous processes identified and impact their severity. This collective diagnosis allowed us to plan a joint training and health promotion strategy, adapted to the Uruguayan forestry sector(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Occupational Risks , Forestry , Toxic Substances , Health Promotion , Uruguay , Occupational Health , Qualitative Research , Labor Unions , Occupational Groups
6.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 88: e00302020, 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1348972

ABSTRACT

Plant parasitic nematodes are major threats to Brazilian and world agriculture. Among them, Pratylenchus brachyurus and Meloidogyne incognita stand out as major pests for several crops, including corn, cotton, soybean among others, which can be components of integrated crop-livestock-forestry systems (ICLFs). In this context, information about the host status of eucalypts (Corymbia spp. and Eucalyptus spp.) to plant parasitic nematodes becomes more relevant in Brazil, due to the use of eucalypts in ICLFs. If tree components used on this system increase the population density of P. brachyurus and M. incognita, it is possible that these pathogens could damage shorter-cycle crops. Since information about the host status of eucalypts to plant parasitic nematodes is scarce, this study evaluated the host status of some eucalypt species to P. brachyurus and M. incognita. Two greenhouse trials were done to evaluate the reproduction of P. brachyurus and one to M. incognita, using some of the most cultivated species and hybrids of eucalypts in Brazil. The population growth of P. brachyurus increased on Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus dunnii × Eucalyptus urophylla, and E. grandis × E. urophylla after ~90 days of inoculation. Conversely, despite M. incognita reproducing well in the control plants, no individuals were recovered from C. citriodora, E. urophylla and E. grandis × E. urophylla, which were classified as resistant plants. Based on both obtained and available data, M. incognita poses no threat to eucalypt species today. However, P. brachyurus is suggested to be a threat to eucalypts.


Subject(s)
Tylenchoidea , Eucalyptus , Nematoda/pathogenicity , Glycine max , Forestry , Agricultural Pests , Zea mays , Gossypium
7.
Acta amaz ; 50(3): 199-203, jul. - set. 2020.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118820

ABSTRACT

Obtaining juvenile material may favor the clonal propagation of Brazil nut, Bertholletia excelsa. We aimed to assess the emission of epicormic shoots on detached branches of Brazil nut trees as a function of the mother tree and branch diameter, in order to provide juvenile material for use in clonal multiplication. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 6 (mother trees) x 3 (stem diameter: < 20 20-40 and 40-80 mm) factorial design, with four replicates. Every five days the number of shoots emitted was counted and the sprouting speed index and average sprouting time were calculated. The number of epicormic shoots and the sprouting speed index were dependent on the interaction between mother tree and branch diameter. Branches with larger diameter (20-40 and 40-80 mm) showed higher potential for obtaining propagules for use in Brazil nut clonal multiplication (cutting, grafting and in vitro cultivation). (AU)


Subject(s)
Reproduction, Asexual , Forestry , Lecythidaceae , Bertholletia
8.
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control ; (6): 384-388, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-825229

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the efficiency of various agroforestry systems for snail control in plateau hilly schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into the construction of agroforestry schistosomiasis control projects in plateau hilly regions. Methods The pilot areas of snail control forests with various agroforestry systems were built in snail-breeding farmlands in Eryuan County, Yunnan Province in 2010, and the economic benefits and snail control effect were investigated in 2018. In addition, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was created to screen the agroforestry system with high comprehensive benefits. Results A total of 14 types of pilot areas of snail control forests with various agroforestry systems were built. Economic benefit analysis showed that the“walnut + garlic”pattern had the best economic benefit, with annual economic benefits of 270 000 Yuan/hm2, followed by the“walnut + chili”pattern (annual economic benefits of 120 000 Yuan/hm2) and the “walnut + vegetables”pattern (annual economic benefits of 105 000 Yuan/hm2). No snails were detected in 8 types of the agroforestry systems, including the“walnut + chili”pattern, the“walnut + tobacco”pattern and the“walnut + garlic”pattern; however, there were snail found with various densities in other types of systems. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that the“walnut + garlic”pattern had the best comprehensive control effect, followed by the“walnut + chili”pattern and the“walnut + tobacco” pattern, while the pure grassland pattern showed no effect on snail control. Conclusions The agroforestry system is a preferential approach of forestry schistosomiasis control in plateau hilly schistosomiasis-endemic areas, which not only achieves snail control effects, but also promotes economic development and ecological construction in poor hilly areas.

9.
Acta amaz ; 49(2): 91-96, abr. - jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1119143

ABSTRACT

Forest inventory procedures are of utmost importance to studies of wood volume stocks, and forest structure and diversity, which provide relevant information to public policies, management plans and ecological research. The present work focused on the performance of inventory techniques in the Amazon region to evaluate wood volume stocks with higher levels of accuracy while maintaining sampling intensity fixed. Two sampling processes were assessed: simple random sampling and two-stage cluster sampling. The processes were evaluated through the allocation of sampling units with different dimensions, and the effectiveness of the generated estimators was analyzed as a function of stand density and basal area. Simple random sampling resulted in the smallest errors, reaching 9% when all species were sampled together. The method depicted forest phytosociological parameters with greater sensitivity, whereas two-stage cluster sampling produced the least accurate estimators and presented slower responses to variation in phytosociological parameters. (AU)


O procedimento de inventário florestal é considerado de alta importância no que concerne estudos de estoque madeireiro, estrutura e diversidade florestal, que fornecem informações relevantes para políticas públicas, planos de manejo e pesquisas ecológicas. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar o desempenho de técnicas de inventário na região Amazônica para estimativa de estoques madeireiros com maior nível de acurácia, mantendo a intensidade amostral fixa. Dois processos de amostragem foram avaliados: amostragem aleatória simples e amostragem em dois estágios. Esses processos foram avaliados através de alocação de unidades amostrais com dimensões distintas, e os estimadores gerados foram analisados em função da densidade de árvores e da área basal. A amostragem aleatória simples produziu os menores erros, alcançando 9% quando todas as espécies foram amostradas conjuntamente, e mostrou-se mais eficiente na detecção de variações em parâmetros fitossociológicos. A amostragem em dois estágios produziu os estimadores menos acurados e apresentou respostas mais lentas às variações em parâmetros fitossociológicos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Forests , Amazonian Ecosystem , Dimensional Measurement Accuracy , Data Collection
10.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 86: e0672017, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1007013

ABSTRACT

Studies that analyze the occurrence of whiteflies in forest environments are virtually non-existent, which is not justifiable given the ecological and agronomic importance of this insect group. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Aleyrodidae collected from May/2013 to May/2014 in three Atlantic forest fragments in state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of all, 1,212 puparia were collected, and five genera and seven species of whiteflies occurring in nine hosts were identified. Aleuropleurocelus cecropiae was the only aleyrodid registered simultaneously occurring in Cecropia hololeuca in the three environments, with lower records in the two fragments considered as less anthropized. For the first time, Aleurothrixus floccosus was registered on Handroanthus ochraceus and Mangifera indica. In addition, it was observed the first register of Bemisia tabaci on Commelina benghalensis and Caesalpinia pluviosa. Minutaleyrodes minuta on Syzygium cumini was also the register of a new occurrence.(AU)


São praticamente inexistentes os trabalhos que analisam a ocorrência de moscas-brancas em ambientes florestais, o que não é justificável, em vista da importância ecológica e agronômica desse grupo de insetos. Objetivou-se avaliar a ocorrência de Aleyrodidae em três fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no estado do Rio de Janeiro, no período entre maio/2013 e maio/2014. Propõe-se chave taxonômica para cinco gêneros. Coletaram-se 1.212 pupários e identificaram-se cinco gêneros e sete espécies de moscas-brancas ocorrendo em nove hospedeiros. Aleuropleurocelus cecropiae foi o único aleirodídeo registrado simultaneamente, ocorrendo em Cecropia hololeuca, nos três ambientes avaliados, com registros inferiores nos dois fragmentos considerados menos antropizados. Ainda, registrou-se pela primeira vez Aleurothrixus floccosus em Handroanthus ochraceus e em Mangifera indica. Também se procedeu ao primeiro registro de Bemisia tabaci em Commelina benghalensis e Caesalpinia ­pluviosa. Minutaleyrodes minuta sobre Syzygium cumini é, igualmente, o registro de uma nova ocorrência.(AU)


Subject(s)
Forests , Cecropia Plant , Hemiptera , Tabebuia , Caesalpinia , Syzygium
11.
Estud. av ; 33(95): 133-149, 2019. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008308

ABSTRACT

A lenha vem sendo substituída ao longo dos anos por novas formas de energia, como o gás liquefeito de petróleo (GLP) e a eletricidade. Porém, esse combustível ainda representa uma fração significativa da matriz energética brasileira, muito embora as pesquisas referentes ao seu uso ainda sejam limitadas e regionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento da produção, consumo e características da lenha usada com a finalidade de cocção. De acordo com os resultados, em 2016, 26,5% da lenha produzida no Brasil foram empregados com fins residenciais, ou seja, em torno de 2x107 toneladas. A lenha é proveniente tanto da silvicultura, sendo o Paraná o maior produtor, quanto do extrativismo, sendo a Bahia a maior produtora. O estado que apresenta maior dependência desse combustível para a cocção é o Pará, enquanto o Rio de Janeiro, praticamente, não a usa para esse fim. O consumo per capita varia muito de uma região a outra do país. Com base nos dados de 2016, foi estimado um consumo de 1,7 kg/pessoa/dia. No entanto, estudos in loco mostraram variação de 0,7 a 8,5 kg/pessoa/dia. O levantamento aponta que uma parte considerável da lenha é proveniente de matas nativas que têm reflexos no desmatamento de uma dada região. A pouca disponibilidade de dados e a variação entre eles impede uma avaliação mais precisa do uso deste combustível no país e suas implicações para a saúde das florestas. A implantação de políticas públicas deveria ser prioridade do governo, pois o uso da lenha de forma inadequada afeta o manejo da vegetação nativa, além de ser uma questão socioambiental, econômica e de saúde pública.


Firewood has been replaced over the years by new forms of energy, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity. However, this fuel still accounts for a significant fraction of the Brazilian energy matrix. Research regarding its use remains limited and regional in the country. The objective of this study was survey the production, consumption and characteristics of firewood used for cooking. According to the results, in 2016 26.5% of the firewood produced in Brazil was used for residential purposes, around 2×107 metric tons. Firewood comes from both silviculture, Paraná being the largest producer, and extractivism, Bahia being the largest producer. Pará presented the greatest dependence of this fuel, while Rio de Janeiro practically does not use it for this purpose. Per capita consumption varies from one region to another. Based on data from 2016, it was estimated that consumption was 1.7 kg/person/day. In situ studies showed consumption ranges from 0.7 to 8.5 kg/person/day. The study shows an obvious reliance on native forests to obtain firewood, resulting in deforestation in some areas. The low availability of data and the variation among them prevents a better assessment of the use of this fuel in Brazil and the implications for forest health. The im-plementation of public policies should be a priority of the government, as the improper use of firewood negatively affects the management of native vegetation, as well as being a socio-environmental, economic and public health burden.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Wood , Forestry , Fuels , Conservation of Natural Resources , Extraction and Processing Industry
12.
Salud colect ; 14(4): 695-711, oct.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985866

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN En la Argentina, en las últimas décadas, la actividad forestal ha evidenciado una importante expansión promovida por el Estado a través de incentivos que alentaron la implantación de especies forestales. En este artículo se examinan las condiciones laborales de un número de trabajadores forestales de las tres principales provincias productoras de madera de la Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones y Entre Ríos). Con los datos de la Encuesta sobre Empleo, Protección Social y Condiciones de Trabajo de los Asalariados Agrarios se efectuó un procesamiento y análisis de la información referida a los trabajadores forestales de las provincias mencionadas (n=113). A su vez, la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a trabajadores (n=30) y contratistas forestales (n=8), entre 2010 y 2014, contribuyó a explicar el fenómeno estudiado en su totalidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que más del 50% de los trabajadores considera estar expuesto a condiciones desfavorables del medio ambiente físico de trabajo. El 16% ha tenido un accidente laboral en el último año. La alta precariedad de este tipo de empleo, sumada a las formas de contratación (tercerización), dificulta la identificación de acciones a seguir para revertir los procesos analizados.


ABSTRACT In the last decades in Argentina, forestry activity has seen an important expansion, promoted by the State through incentives encouraging the implantation of forest species. This article examines the working conditions of a number of forestry workers in the three main timber producing provinces of Argentina (Corrientes, Misiones and Entre Ríos). Using data from the Survey on Employment, Social Protection and Labor Conditions of Salaried Agricultural Workers, information on forest workers of the aforementioned provinces was processed and analyzed (n=113). In addition, in-depth interviews with workers (n=30) and forest contractors (n=8), carried out from 2010-2014, contributed to the explanation of the studied phenomenon as a whole. The results show that more than 50% of workers consider themselves exposed to unfavorable conditions in the physical working environment, with 16% having had a work accident in the last year. The high precariousness of this type of employment, in conjunction with the forms of contracting (outsourcing), makes it difficult to identify actions to be taken to reverse the processes analyzed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Health/statistics & numerical data , Forestry , Argentina , Risk , Interviews as Topic
13.
Orinoquia ; 22(2): 172-188, jul.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1091558

ABSTRACT

Resumen En el presente artículo se realizó un análisis diagnóstico con miras a identificar acciones para favorecer la consolidación de una cadena productiva forestal en Arauca, Colombia, como estrategia de desarrollo. A partir de una investigación de tipo cualitativo, con consulta a expertos y con una metodología de planeación participativa, se desarrolló un análisis de debilidades, fortalezas, oportunidades y amenazas (DOFA). También se identificaron elementos que dieron soporte para un posterior análisis Mactor® (Matriz de alianzas y conflictos, tácticas, objetivos y recomendaciones) para identificar intereses de los actores de la cadena, y finalmente se propuso un modelo de representación de la cadena productiva forestal del departamento, con sus respectivos eslabones y agentes.


Abstract In the present article, a diagnostic analysis aimed at identifying actions to favor the consolidation of a forest productive chain in Arauca, Colombia, as a development strategy, was carried out. From a qualitative investigation, with consultation to experts and with a methodology of participative planning, an analysis of weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats was developed (SWOT). Elements also were identified, to gave support for a subsequent Mactor® analysis (Matrix of alliances and conflicts, tactics, objectives and recommendations) in order to identify interests of the actors in the chain, and finally was proposed a model of representation of the forest productive chain of the department, with its respective links and agents.


Resumo No presente artigo, foi realizada uma análise diagnóstica que objetivou identificar ações para favorecer a consolidação de uma cadeia produtiva florestal em Arauca, Colômbia, como estratégia de desenvolvimento. A partir de uma investigação do tipo qualitativa, com consulta a especialistas e com uma metodologia de planejamento participativo, foi desenvolvida uma análise de Forças, Fraquezas, Oportunidades e Ameaças (SWOT). Elementos que deram suporte para uma análise Mactor® subsequente (Matriz de alianças e conflitos, táticas, objetivos e recomendações) para identificar os interesses dos atores da cadeia também foram identificados e, finalmente, um modelo de representação da cadeia de produção florestal da departamento, com seus respectivos links e agentes.

14.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 34(5): 1225-1231, sept./oct. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-967310

ABSTRACT

The current success of rubber cultivation is related to the use of clones adapted to different edaphoclimatic regions. Hence, it is important to evaluate variables that are correlated with yield. However, a common problem is choosing the plot dimensions where these variables will be measured. In view of the above, the objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of two rubber tree clones and to determine the ideal sample unit size to characterize trunk circumference, tree height and bark thickness. The variables circumference at breast height (CBH), total height (Ht) and bark thickness (BT) were measured in seven plots of 680.4 m², in addition to determining the plot size to satisfactorily sample each of the variables measured in each clone, 52 months after planting. At 52 months, clone RRIM 937 showed better development than RRIM600 in relation to the analyzed variables. The ideal sample unit size is different for the variables in the following order: trunk circumference> total height> bark thickness. The measurement of plots with 15 trees is adequate to represent the variability of the analyzed variables, considering the acceptable error of 10%.


O sucesso atual do cultivo de seringueira está relacionado ao uso de clones adaptados a diferentes regiões edafoclimáticas. Portanto, é importante avaliar as variáveis que estão correlacionadas com o rendimento. No entanto, um problema comum é escolher as dimensões da área onde essas variáveis serão medidas. Este trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de dois clones de seringueira e determinar o tamanho da amostra ideal para caracterizar a circunferência do tronco, altura da árvore e espessura da casca. As variáveis circunferência na altura do peito (CBH), altura total (Ht) e espessura da casca (BT) foram medidas em sete parcelas de 680,4 m² e foi estabelecido o tamanho da parcela para amostrar satisfatoriamente cada uma das variáveis medidas em cada clone, 52 meses após o plantio. Aos 52 meses, o clone RRIM 937 apresentou melhor desenvolvimento do que RRIM600 em relação às variáveis analisadas. O tamanho ideal da unidade de amostra é diferente para as variáveis na seguinte ordem: circunferência do tronco > altura total > espessura da casca. A medida de parcelas com 15 árvores é adequada para representar a variabilidade das variáveis analisadas, considerando o erro aceitável de 10%.


Subject(s)
Forestry , Clone Cells , Hevea
15.
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control ; (6): 472-475, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-815928

ABSTRACT

Based on the literature research, this paper states the mechanism and measures of the Oncomelania snail control by the schistosomiasis prevention forests, reviews the development process of forestry schistosomiasis control programs, analyzes the new situation and problems, and then puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions about the national forestry program for schistosomiasis control in order to provide new ideas for the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China in 2025 and the construction of national forestry program for schistosomiasis control.

16.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 33(6): 1452-1464, nov./dec. 2017. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-966477

ABSTRACT

This work aimed to analyze possible differences in growth patterns on Eucalyptus species and to identify the determinants climatic variables on the growth. We evaluated six Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus saligna, Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus globulus) and a Clone (GG100) implanted in an experimental arrangement of randomized blocks. We collected the collar diameter and height of all plants monthly in the course of a year, in addition to climate data (minimum temperature, maximum and rainfall). Sequentially, we obtained the correlations between the current monthly increments (collar diameter and height) and climatic variables (minimum temperature, maximum and rainfall). The Current Monthly Increment of the Collar diameter (CMI D) was not correlated to the climatic variables evaluated and the Current Monthly Increment of the Height (CMI H) was strongly correlated to the minimum temperature for the species E. camaldulensis, C. citriodora, E. saligna, E. urophylla, E. grandis and the GG100 Clone. The Rainfall showed positive correlations regarding the CMI H only for the Clone (GG100) and E. urophylla. Finally, the species E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis, E. saligna presented a mortality rate under 10% which is recommended according to the silvicultural criteria.


Objetivou neste trabalho analisar possíveis diferenças nos padrões de crescimento em espécies de eucalipto e identificar as variáveis climáticas determinantes no crescimento. Foram avaliadas seis espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus saligna, Corymbia citriodora e Eucalyptus globulus) e um Clone (GG100) implantados em arranjo experimental de blocos casualizados. Foram coletados o diâmetro do colo e altura de todas as plantas mensalmente no decorrer de um ano, além dos dados climáticos (temperatura mínima, máxima e precipitação). Sequencialmente foram obtidas correlações entre os incrementos correntes mensais (diâmetro do colo e altura) e as variáveis climáticas (temperatura mínima, máxima e precipitações). O Incremento Corrente Mensal do Diâmetro do Colo não apresentou correlação com as variáveis climáticas avaliadas e o Incremento Corrente Mensal em Altura (ICM H) é fortemente correlacionado com a temperatura mínima para as espécies E. camaldulensis, C. citriodora, E. saligna, E. urophylla, E. grandis e o Clone GG100. A precipitação apresentou correlações positiva com o ICM H somente para o Clone (GG100) e para E. urophylla. Por fim, as espécies E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla, E. grandis, E. saligna apresentaram taxa de mortalidade inferior a 10%, valor este recomendável de acordo com critérios silviculturais.


Subject(s)
Seasons , Climate Change , Grassland , Eucalyptus/growth & development
17.
Ciênc. rural (Online) ; 47(11): e20160939, Nov. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1044896

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The objective was to estimate the wood yield and essential oil content in three clones of eucalyptus that were planted in four contrasting arrangements and intercropped with sorghum. Eucalyptus clones MA2001 (Eucalyptus camaldulensis x E. tereticornis), A144 (Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis), and GG100 (Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis), were planted in single rows (10x2m), double rows (2x3+15m and 2x3+20m); and, triple rows (2x3x2+10m) in a randomized, complete block design experiment with four replicates. Our results demonstrated that planting spacing did not influence the essential oil yield or diameter at breast height in the clones. However, higher density plantings were shown to result in higher fresh weight of branches and leaves per plant. MA2001 grew taller, produced higher quantity of fresh biomass of branches and leaves per plant and volume of wood per hectare, and yielded more essential oil yield than the other clones. We concluded that MA2001 is the most suitable of the clones tested here for cultivation in water deficit conditions.


RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar o rendimento de madeira e o teor de óleo essencial de clones de eucalipto em diferentes arranjos, consorciado com sorgo. Foram utilizados 3 clones de eucalipto: Clone 1 (MA2001-Eucalyptus camaldulensis x E. tereticornis); Clone 2 (A144-Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis); Clone 3 (GG100 - Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis). Os clones de eucalipto foram plantados nos diferentes arranjos: em linha dupla, sendo 2x3+15m e 2x3+20m; linhas simples 10x2m e em linha tripla, sendo 2x3x2+10m. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos referentes a 3 clones de eucalipto e 4 arranjos de plantas diferentes. Os resultados mostraram que menores ou maiores espaçamentos não influenciaram no rendimento de óleo essencial e no diâmetro da altura do peito. Porém, menores espaçamentos podem proporcionar maior matéria fresca de ramos e folhas por planta. O clone MA2001 (Camaldulensis x Tereticornis) por ter apresentado maior altura de plantas, maior matéria fresca de galho e folhas por planta, maior volume de madeira por hectare e maior produtividade de óleo essencial pode ser o mais indicado para cultivo em condições com maior déficit hídrico.

18.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(3): 1881-1893, July-Sept. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886722

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT There is a huge lack of researches that evaluate the nutritional limits in tree species used in urban forestry, especially in terms of micronutrients. This study aimed to establish limits and range of micronutrients levels for the proper development of tree species utilized in urban forestry. The study was conducted in the city of Santa Maria-RS-Brazil. Through forest inventory, 23 forest species present in urban forest were selected, and 05 vegetative branches of each tree were collected, in which the contents of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were analyzed. Ranges of micronutrients' contents were developed for class limits criteria. Nutritional problems were detected for B, Cu and Zn in G. robusta and S. cumini, indicating a need of fertilization and management of these trees. The levels of Mn were within an adequate range only for the species C. illinoensis and H. chrysotrichus. The contents of B were higher than the level considered adequate for H. chrysotrichusand M. nigra. The rates of Fe showed high levels for E. japonica, H. chrysotrichusand S. babylonica. The estimated nutritional limits enable a greater control in the classification of the results for each tree species utilized in urban forestry.


Subject(s)
Forests , Micronutrients/analysis , Urban Population , Zinc/analysis , Cobalt/analysis , Copper/analysis , Iron/analysis , Manganese/analysis
19.
Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control ; (6): 263-266, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-618894

ABSTRACT

Relevant projects carried out within the Yangtze River economic belt on the impact of schistosomiasis epidemic and transmission are important issues for ecological priority in the process of implementing the strategy. The key problems of schistosomiasis epidemic risk,epidemic happening repeatedly,difficulty of rehabilitating Oncomelania hupensis snail control and schistosomiasis prevention forest,lag of evaluation system and platform construction,lack of basic research,et al. were ana-lyzed in the Yangtze River economic belt taking ecological priority as the basis in this paper. Then corresponding countermea-sures to these challenges were put forward so as to provide the reference for the national forestry schistosomiasis control pro-grams,which include:execution of the comprehensive prevention and control strategy,scheming of the new round of forestry schistosomiasis control programs,strengthening schistosomiasis prevention and control,promoting productivity in existing forest-ry to consolidate and improve the achievements of previous forestry schistosomiasis control programs,and promoting the intensi-ty of technological innovation to improve the technological level of forestry schistosomiasis control programs.

20.
Entramado ; 12(2)dic. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534378

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar la productividad de los talleres de transformación secundaria de madera de la ciudad de Quibdó, Chocó. El tipo de investigación utilizado en el estudio es descriptivo y el método es observacional, como muestra se seleccionaron 50 talleres de ebanisterías del sector de fabricación de muebles de madera. Los instrumentos empleados para recabar la información fueron: encuesta semiestructurada, visitas observacionales y conversaciones informales con propietarios y trabajadores del gremio. La productividad de las ebanisterías se analizó desde los procesos operacionales, recurso humano e indicadores económicos y financieros. En términos económicos y financieros, la productividad de los talleres se caracterizó por ser rentable, siendo la relación beneficio/costo superior a uno (1); los indicadores evaluados demuestran que los procesos operacionales se realizan conforme con los planes de cada taller y el recurso humano tiene las habilidades y destrezas para realizar los trabajos, además de cumplir con sus funciones. La investigación permite concluir que el sector de fabricación de muebles tiene potencial de desarrollo y factores que están a su favor para mejorar los niveles de productividad obtenidos, y de este modo puedan ser competitivos en los mercados regional y nacional.


The aim of this study is to characterize the cabinetmaking in Quibdó, Chocó, using descriptive research and observational method, 50 cabinetmaker's workshops were selected as sample. The instruments used to collect data were: semistructured survey observational visits and informal discussions with cabinetmaking owners and cabinetmakers. The cabinetmaking productivity was analyzed from operational processes, human resources and economic and financial indicators. From an economic and financial point of view the cabinetmaker's workshops productivity was profitable; the cost-benefit ratio was greater than 1. Evaluated indicators show that operational processes are carried out according to each cabinetmaking's plan; human resource has the skills to perform this kind of work. The investigation allows to conclude that the sector of furniture manufacture has development potential and factors that are in its favor to improve the levels of productivity obtained, and thus could be competitive on the regional and national market.


O objetivo desta pesquisa é caracterizar a produtividade da oficina de madeira secundária da cidade de processamento de Quibdo, Choco. O tipo de pesquisa usado no estudo é o método descritivo e observacional, como mostrado ebanisterías foram selecionados 50 oficinas de fabricação da indústria de móveis de madeira. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: questionário semi-estruturado, visitas de observação e discussões informais com os proprietários e trabalhadores de união. produtividade Ebanisterías foi analisado a partir de processos operacionais, recursos humanos e indicadores económicos e financeiros. Em termos económicos e financeiros, a produtividade das oficinas foi caracterizado como o custo-benefício, o benefício / relação de custo (1) superior a um; os indicadores avaliados demonstram que os processos operacionais são realizados em conformidade com os planos de cada oficina e de recursos humanos tem as habilidades para realizar o trabalho, além de cumprir os seus deveres. A pesquisa apoia a conclusão de que o setor de fabricação de móveis tem potencial de desenvolvimento e factores estão a seu favor para melhorar os níveis de produtividade alcançados, e, portanto, pode ser competitivo nos mercados regionais e nacionais.

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