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[Objective]To explore the specificity and effectiveness of Medical Records Integration of Palace in Qing Dynasty for the treatment of diseases,and to provide a reference for the modern clinical external therapy.[Methods]Taking 117 fumigating and washing decoctions in Medical Records Integration of Palace in Qing Dynasty as the research object,using Excel software,the formulas,dosage,medicinal properties,and efficacy of Qinggong fumigating and washing decoctions were organized and counted.Combining with the relevant medical cases and the commentaries in the book,the use of the fumigating and washing decoctions in the Qing Palace was systematically organized.[Results]The 117 fumigating and washing decoctions in Medical Records Integration of Palace in Qing Dynasty show many features such as there are many kinds of formula,the quality of the formula is refined;the effect is strength and special focus,formula with modification according to symptoms,flexible usage of medicine,treatment first,independent use of the amount of medicine,good use of the wind-extinguishing medicinal,filling in the poisonous features when needed.It also has other advantages such as a wide range of audiences,a unique approach,sophisticated instruments,and a meticulous process of preparation of the liquid.[Conclusion]The use of the fumigating and washing decoctions in Medical Records Integration of Palace in Qing Dynasty has palace characteristics and advantages,exploring its use can gain unique insights and revelations,which helps to carry forward the characteristics of court medication and promotes the development of external therapeutic methods of traditional Chinese medicine as high research value.
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ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal enema combined with fumigation as adjunctive therapy for non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients of stage 3-5 with spleen-kidney yang deficiency and turbid toxin blood stasis pattern. MethodsA total of 120 non-dialysis CKD,patients of stage 3-5 with spleen-kidney yang deficiency and turbid toxin blood stasis pattern were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group received conventional western medical treatment, while the treatment group additionally received Chinese herbal enema combined with fumigation, with enema and fumigation performed alternately, once every other day, three times a week. The treatment course for both groups was 4 weeks. The levels of serum creatinine (Scr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the total score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms were compared before and after treatment in both groups. The efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups after treatment. Adverse reactions in both groups were observed during the treatment period. ResultsThe total score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms was significantly reduced after treatment in both groups (P<0.01). Compared to the control group after treatment, the treatment group showed significant decreases in Scr and the total score of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms, and a significant increase in eGFR (P<0.05). The total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine symptoms in the treatment group (96.67%) was higher than that in the control group (46.67%, P<0.01), as well as the total effective rate of clinical efficacy in the treatment group (75.00%) versus that in the control group (28.33%, P<0.01). During the treatment period, the vital signs of patients in both groups remained stable, and there were no significant abnormalities in blood routine, urine routine, stool routine, liver function indicators, and electrocardiogram after treatment. ConclusionChinese herbal enema combined with fumigation as adjunctive therapy can significantly alleviate clinical symptoms, improve renal function, and demonstrate good safety for non-dialysis CKD patients of stage 3-5 with spleen-kidney yang deficiency and turbid toxin blood stasis pattern.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of hemorrhoids suppositories plus fumigation and hip bath with Chinese medicine on postoperative pain and edema of patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Methods A total of 62 cases of mixed hemorrhoids to be treated surgically were randomly divided into the trial group and the control group,with 31 cases in each group.Both groups of patients were given the surgery of mixed hemorrhoids(high ligation of hemorrhoids or Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy)and routine postoperative nursing.Additionally,the control group was treated with rectal hemorrhoids suppository,and the trial group was treated with rectal hemorrhoids suppository plus fumigation and hip bath with Chinese medicines of Carthami Flos,Persicae Semen,Corydalis Rhizoma,Talcum,Toosendan Fructus,Aurantii Fructus,Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex,Myrrha,and Olibanum.The course of treatment for the two groups covered 2 weeks.The changes of pain score and edema score in the two groups were observed before and after treatment,and time for the relief of the symptoms,clinical efficacy and therapeutic satisfaction were also compared.Results(1)After 2 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the trial group was 96.77%(30/31),and that of the control group was 80.65%(25/31).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the therapeutic efficacy of the trial group was significantly superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)After treatment,the pain scores and edema scores of patients in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease of the scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group with statistically significant difference(P<0.01).(3)The time for pain relief and time for edema subsidence in the trial group were significantly shorter than those of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).(4)The total satisfaction rate of the trial group was 96.77%(30/31),while that of the control group was 77.42%(24/31).The intergroup comparison(tested by chi-square test)showed that the therapeutic satisfaction of the trial group was significantly superior to that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of hemorrhoids suppository plus fumigation and hip bath with Chinese medicine in treating postoperative pain and edema of mixed hemorrhoids is remarkably,and the therapy can effectively improve the degree of edema and pain,promote the recovery of the patients,and improve the patient's therapeutic satisfaction.
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of Flos Farfarae (FF) fumigation on cigarette smoke-induced lung injury mice, and analyze the metabolic profile of lung tissue by metabolomics. All animal experiments were conducted under the guidance and approval of the Animal Ethics Review Committee of Shanxi University (Approval number: SXULL2019014). By using HS-GC-MS to analyze volatile components of Flos Farfarae, 23 compounds were identified. The results showed that FF fumigation improved the lung tissue morphology of cigarette smoke-induced lung injury mice, lowered the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The lung tissue samples were applied for metabolomic analysis based on UHPLC-QTOF MS, the results showed that 70 metabolites were changed in the lung tissue of mice after cigarette exposure, and 35 of them could be regulated, including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), 12-HETE, adenosine, and xanthine. These metabolites, such as LPC, 12-HETE, adenosine, and xanthine were mainly associated with the body's inflammatory response. It was observed that these metabolites are primarily involved in purine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. These findings suggest that the volatile terpenoids in the FF may regulate the metabolites associated with the inflammatory response in the lung tissue, such as lysophosphatidylcholine, 12-HETE, and adenosine, which could further alleviate lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke through the metabolic pathways of purine metabolism and others. This study proved the scientific basis of the traditional application of FF fumigation, and provided a theoretical basis for the further product development.
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Lilii Bulbus is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine with both medicinal and edible values, while the market products usually has the problem of sulfur fumigation. Therefore, the quality and safety of Lilii Bulbus products deserve attention. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was combined with principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) to analyze the differential components of Lilii Bulbus before and after sulfur fumigation. We identified ten markers generated after sulfur fumigation, summarized their mass fragmentation and transformation patterns, and verified the structures of phenylacrylic acid markers of sulfur fumigation. At the same time, the cytotoxicity of the aqueous extracts of Lilii Bulbus before and after sulfur fumigation was evaluated. The results showed that in the concentration range of 0-800 mg·L~(-1), the aqueous extract of Lilii Bulbus after sulfur fumigation had no significant effect on the viability of human liver LO2 cells, human renal proximal tubular HK-2 cells, and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells. Moreover, the viability of the cells exposed to the aqueous extract of Lilii Bulbus before and after sulfur fumigation showed no significant difference. This study identified phenylacrylic acid and furostanol saponins as markers of sulfur-fumigated Lilii Bulbus for the first time, and made clear that proper sulfur fumigation of Lilii Bulbus would not produce cytotoxicity, providing a theoretical basis for the rapid identification and quality and safety control of sulfur-fumigated Lilii Bulbus.
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Humans , Animals , Rats , Fumigation , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Epithelial Cells , SulfurABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the medication law of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) fumigation and washing to promote postoperative healing of hemorrhoids by data mining technology.Methods:The clinical literature about TCM fumigation and washing to promote postoperative healing of hemorrhoids was retrieved from the databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed from the establishment of the databases to March 10, 2022. The frequency efficacy attributes, core medicinal pairs and core prescriptions of TCM were analyzed by using the Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform (V2.3.5).Results:A total of 299 articles were included, involving 200 kinds of Chinese materia medica. The drugs used at high frequency ≥40 were Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Natrii Sulfas, Galla Chinensis and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and so on. The main efficacy was to clear heat and reduce dampness; cold, warm and slightly cold were the main medicinal properties, and the tastes were mainly bitter, pungent, sweet and sour, and most of the drugs return to the liver meridian, stomach meridian, heart meridian, large intestine meridian and so on. A total of 22 rules were obtained by correlation analysis. Five groups of drugs were obtained by clustering analysis. The core prescription drugs obtained by complex network analysis included Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Natrii Sulfas, Galla Chinensis, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Taraxaci Herba, Borneolum Syntheticum, Sanguisorbae Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Carthami Flos, Scutellariae Radix, Olibanum, Myrrha, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Conclusion:TCM fumigation and washing can promote the postoperative healing of hemorrhoids mainly by clearing heat and reducing dampness and detoxification, as well as promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, restraining sore and generating muscle.
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ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Qiju Dihuangtang combined with Chinese medicine fumigation in the treatment of dry eye and its effect on the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tears. MethodA total of 120 patients with dry eye of liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome who were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) from october 2019 to october 2021 were randomized into the observation group and control group. The control group was given sodium hyaluronate eye drops, and the observation group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops, Qiju Dihuangtang, and Chinese medicine fumigation. The treatment lasted 30 days for both groups. The changes of ocular surface disease index (OSDI), TCM syndrome score, tear secretion (SIT), tear film breaking up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL), and tear interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were observed. ResultAfter the treatment, the total effective rate was 90.0% (54/60) in the observation group and 75.0% (45/60) in the control group (χ2=4.675, P<0.05). After treatment, the OSDI score and TCM syndrome score were lower than those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the SIT and BUT were higher (P<0.05) and FL score was lower (P<0.05) than those before treatment in both groups. After treatment, the improvement of the above indicators in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-6 and MMP-9 were lower than those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). ConclusionQiju Dihuangtang combined with Chinese medicine fumigation can effectively improve subjective symptoms, promote tear secretion, prolong BUT, enhance corneal epithelial repair, and reduce the levels of tear IL-6 and MMP-9 in the treatment of dry eye.
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A moxibustion device with the functions of auricular fumigation moxibustion and heat-sensitive moxibustion is designed. The smoke of the ignited moxa stick is used for the fumigation moxibustion at the external auditory canal, while the heat generated works on Dazhui (GV 14) for heat-sensitive moxibustion. The device consists of five parts, i.e. combustion chamber, smoke pipe, smoke processing chamber, power module and connector. It solves the limitations such as unpleasant experience in treatment, unfavorable temperature control, easy scalding and excessive manual dependence induced by usual fumigation moxibustion and during heat-sensitive moxibustion. This moxibustion device may improve the safety and convenience when delivering the treatment with fumigation moxibustion and heat-sensitive moxibustion, as well as the work efficiency of medical staff.
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Humans , Moxibustion , Hot Temperature , Fumigation , Smoke , TemperatureABSTRACT
Traditional Chinese medicine fumigation device is the carrier of traditional Chinese medicine fumigation treatment. In recent years, with the rapid development of new technology and new materials, the development of fumigation device changes with each passing day, and a variety of new products continue to emerge. However, at present, the lack of corresponding evaluation norms, resulting in some difficulties in the registration, marketing, quality control, evaluation scale and other aspects of the product. Some products have many disadvantages in clinical use. From the perspective of technical review, this paper elaborates and analyzes the main concerns in technical review, such as product structure, main risks, performance requirements, clinical evaluation, etc., in order to provide a basis for the design, development, production, registration, use and post-marketing supervision of the devices.
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Fumigation , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Marketing , Quality ControlABSTRACT
ObjectiveIn order to find a fast odor-based method for the identification of sulfur fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma, an ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose technology was used to identify the odors of different degrees of sulfur fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces. MethodHeracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose was employed to collect gas chromatograms of unsulfured and sulfured with different degrees of Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces, gas chromatograms were performed under programmed temperature (initial temperature of 40 ℃, 0.2 ℃·s-1 to 60 ℃, and then 4 ℃·s-1 to 250 ℃), the sample volume was 5 mL, the incubation temperature was 65 ℃ and incubation time was 35 min. Kovats retention index and the AroChemBase database were used for qualitative analysis, and stoichiometric analysis was performed on this basis. Principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant factor analysis (DFA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were established to identify the Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different degrees of sulfur fumigation. ResultAccording to the comparative analysis of AroChemBase database, there were significant differences in the odor characteristics of sulfur fumigated and non-sulfur fumigated Gastrodiae Rhizoma, cyclopentane, acetone and heptane might be the odor components to distinguish the degree of sulfur fumigation in Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces. The identification index of PCA model was 81, the accumulative discriminant index of the discriminating factors was 92.09% in DFA model, the supervisory model interpretation rate of PLS-DA model was 0.963 and the predictive ability parameter was 0.956, indicating that PCA, DFA and PLS-DA models could well distinguish Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different sulfur fumigation degrees. ConclusionHeracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose can be used as a rapid method to identify and distinguish Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different levels of sulfur fumigation. Meanwhile, it can provide a rapid, simple and green method and technology for identification of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces by sulfur fumigation.
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@#AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of azithromycin aerosol fumigation combined with meibomian gland massage in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD). <p>METHODS: In this prospective study, 47 patients with moderate to severe MGD were treated with azithromycin aerosol fumigation combined with meibomian gland massage. The ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire, noninvasive tear breakup time(NI-BUT), tear meniscus height and atrophic rate of meibomian glands were recorded at baseline, at 1mo after treatment, and at 3mo after treatment.<p>RESULTS: The OSDI was 21.43±13.14, the first NI-BUT was 9.03±6.09s, the average NI-BUT was 9.72±4.05s, and the tear meniscus height was 0.24±0.09mm after 1mo of treatment. The OSDI was 23.02±11.41, the first NI-BUT was 7.80±4.82s, the average NI-BUT was 10.25±4.78s, and the tear meniscus height was 0.24±0.09mm after 3mo of treatment. Compared with the baseline, the difference was statistically significant(all <i>P</i><0.05); There was no significant difference in OSDI, first NI-BUT, average NI-BUT and tear meniscus height between 1mo after treatment and 3mo after treatment(all <i>P</i>>0.05). Compared with baseline, there was no significant improvement in atrophic rate of meibomian glands after 1mo of treatment and 3mo after treatment(all <i>P</i>>0.05). In addition, azithromycin aerosol fumigation administration was well tolerated and no adverse reactions were observed during follow-up(all <i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: Azithromycin aerosol fumigation combined with meibomian gland massage can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and increase first NI-BUT, average NI-BUT, tear meniscus height of patients with moderate to severe MGD.
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Objective:To explore the high-efficiency and high-quality seedling raising method of <italic>Codonopsis pilosula</italic>. Method:In the main production area of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> in the Tanchang county,Gansu province,after the soil was fumigated with dazomet (containing 98% methylisothiocyanate), four varieties of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> seedlings were raised. The dynamic change in growth and differences in quality and yield of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> seedlings after emergence were regularly determined. Result:① The soil enzyme activity was first inhibited and then restored by soil fumigation,which increased the root length of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> seedlings by 9.8%. Besides, the field growth indexes such as plant height,plant width,stem length,stem diameter,number of branches,number of nodes,number of leaves, and fitted leaf area increased in varying degrees,and the plant height showed an "S"-shaped growth trend. "Gandang No.1" and "Gandang No.2" grew better than "Weidang No.1" and "Tanchang control". ② Fumigation reduced the incidence rate of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> root in the field by 4.9%,and the incidence rates of "Gandang No.1" and "Gandang No.2" were significantly lower than those of "Weidang No.1" and "Tanchang control". ③ Fumigation increased the total number of <italic>C. pilosula </italic>seedlings by 6.15×10<sup>5</sup> plants·hm<sup>-2</sup>,of which the number of primary seedlings increased by 45.3% and that of secondary seedlings increased by 42.2%. ④ Fumigation increased the seedling yield of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> by 42.4%. It showed the most significant effect on the yield of "Gandang No.2",which increased by 61.8%, and the weakest effect on the yield of "Gandang No.1",which increased by 15.4%. ⑤ Comprehensive analysis showed that the quality and yield of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> seedlings in the fumigation area were better than those in the non-fumigation area. Conclusion:The results showed that soil fumigation showed a promoting effect on the seedling yield of <italic>C. pilosula</italic> in spite of different effects achieved in terms of different varieties.
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Abstract Fumigant activities for three essential oils; Garlic oil (Allium sativum L); Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) were assessed at different concentrations against the adult and 20-days old larval stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the laboratory. The accumulative mortality was observed at different exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days). The residual effect of garlic oil that was the effective oil, on the treated wheat grains was evaluated with respect to histological changes in the liver, kidney, and stomach of rat fed on this treated wheat. The results showed that the mortality rates of treated stages increased with increasing the time of fumigation treatment. Moreover the highest essential oils toxicity at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (126, 53, and 47 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (79, 62, and 41 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively in the case of Garlic oil treatment. While, the lowest essential oils effective was Nigella oil at the Median lethal concentration (LC50) values for exposure periods (3, 5 and 7 days) to fumigation were (3594, 629, and 335 mg/L air) for adult stage and were (1040, 416, and 227 mg/L air) for larval stage, respectively. The toxicity effect of various essential oils against adults and larvae of T. castaneum at the LC50at 7 days fumigation could be arranged in descending order as follows: Garlic oil, Chili pepper oil, and Nigella oil. The histological changes showed that the organs slightly affected at the fumigation for 3 days. It may be concluded that the garlic essential oil is the good effective fumigant to control T. castaneum in the stored products and it recommended that the fumigation period does not exceed 3 days. The garlic essential oil has the potential for applications in IPM programs for stored-grain pests because of its high volatility and fumigant activity and its safety.
Resumo Atividades fumigantes de três óleos essenciais - óleo de alho (Allium sativum L.); pimenta-malagueta (Capsicum annuum L.) e Nigella (Nigella sativa L.) - foram avaliadas em diferentes concentrações contra adultos e larvas de Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) com 20 dias de idade em laboratório. A mortalidade acumulada foi observada em diferentes períodos de exposição (3, 5 e 7 dias). O efeito residual do óleo de alho, ou seja, o óleo eficaz, nos grãos de trigo tratados foi avaliado em relação às alterações histológicas no fígado, rim e estômago de ratos alimentados com esse trigo tratado. Os resultados mostraram que as taxas de mortalidade dos estágios tratados cresceram com o aumento do tempo de exposição ao tratamento de fumigação. A maior toxidade dos óleos essenciais nos valores de Concentração Letal Média (CL50) para os períodos de exposição (3, 5 e 7 dias) à fumigação foi (126, 53 e 47 mg/L ar) para a fase adulta e (79, 62 e 41 mg/L ar) para a fase de larva, respectivamente no caso do tratamento com o óleo de alho, enquanto que o óleo essencial menos eficaze foi o óleo de Nigella, com valores de CL50 para os períodos de exposição (3, 5 e 7 dias) à fumigação (3594, 629 e 335 mg/L ar) para a fase adulta, e (1040, 416 e 227 mg/L ar) para a fase de larva, respectivamente. O efeito da toxidade de vários óleos essenciais contra adultos e larvas de T. castaneum em LC50 aos sete dias de fumigação pôde ser organizado em ordem decrescente, como segue: óleo de alho, óleo de pimenta e óleo de Nigella. As alterações histológicas mostraram que os órgãos foram levemente afetados na fumigação por três dias. Pode-se concluir que o óleo essencial de alho é um bom fumigante efetivo no controle de T. castaneum nos produtos armazenados, e recomendou-se que o período de fumigação não ultrapassasse três dias. O óleo essencial de alho tem potencial para aplicações em programas de Integrated Pests Management (IPM) para pragas de grãos armazenados, devido à sua alta volatilidade, atividade fumigante e respectiva segurança.
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Animals , Rats , Tribolium , Coleoptera , Oils, Volatile/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Safety , MammalsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the diff erences in the overall chemical constituents of Angelicae dahuricae with and without sulphur-fumigation,and to select chemical markers that can be used for identification. METHODS :Each 16 batches of A. dahuricae with and without sulphur-fumigation were selected as samples. Deuterated methanol-deuterium oxide (1 ∶ 0.2,V/V)was used as extraction solvent ,and 1H-NMR metabolomics was used to detect the primary and secondary metabolites in A. dahuricae . In addition ,visual analysis ,principal component analysis (PCA)and t-test were used to compare the component differences of A. dahuricae by two kinds of pretreatment methods. RESULTS :A total of 19 chemical constituents such as coumarins ,amino acids and sugars were simultaneously detected and identified from two kinds of A. dahuricae . Visual analysis showed that the chemical profiles of the two kinds of A. dahuricae were similar ,but their coumarins and carbohydrates were quite different in 1H-NMR signal intensity. PCA analysis showed that all samples could be divided into two categories according to different treatment methods. The results of t-test showed that the contents of oxypeucedanin ,imperatorin,glucose and sucrose of A. dahuricae were decreased significantly after sulphur fumigation (P<0.01 or P<0.001),while the contents of alanine and leucine were significantly increased (P<0.01 or P<0.001). There was no statistical significance in the contents of other 13 kinds of components (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:There are obvious differences in the 6 chemical compounds of oxypeucedanin ,imperatorin,glucose,sucrose, alanine and leucine in A. dahuricae with and without sulphur-fumigation ,which can be used as chemical markers for the identification of sulphur-fumigated A. dahuricae in the market.
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Objective: To study the characteristics and regularity of the improvement of early clinical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treated with Chinese medicine plus fumigation and absorption combined with super dose of vitamin C. Methods: We randomly divided 30 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted by the Hubei medical team in our hospital since February 2020 into groups A, B and C, with 10 cases in each group. Group A was the control group. Group B was treated with traditional Chinese medicine and fumigation. Group C was the treatment group of traditional Chinese medicine plus fumigation and absorption combined with super dose of vitamin C. We analyzed the symptoms of fatigue, cough, dry throat, shortness of breath and the improvement of chest CT and nucleic acid detection, and compared the treatment status of each group. Results: The improvement degree and disappearance time of fatigue, cough, dry throat and shortness of breath in group B and group C were better than those in group A, and the effect of group C was better than that of group B (P0.05). Conclusion: The combination of traditional Chinese medicine and fumigation and absorption combined with super dose of vitamin C has a definite effect on the improvement of fatigue, cough, dry throat and shortness of breath in patients with COVID-19.
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The fumigation of Chinese herbal medicines, such as Artemisiae Argyi Folium, Atractylodis Rhizoma, and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, is one of the creations of ancient Chinese medical practitioners during the struggle against the disease for thousands of years. Researches have showed the application of fumigation of Chinese medicinal materials in clinical practice, and there are clear pharmacological studies to prove its related effective ingredients. Therefore, we review the historical evolution and modern application progress of Chinese materia medica fumigation. In the light of the infectious features of COVID-19 including air droplet transmission and even possible aerosol transmission, the corresponding Chinese herbal medicine fumigation should be recommended and used in hospitals, communities, and families, which is expected to play an important role in fighting disease infections.
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Fumigation (bath) therapy is widely used in clinic, but the methods are different. Based on the data mining of the existing clinical application of fumigation (bath) therapy, combined with the clinical application practice and relevant modern research, the technical specification (draft) of clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fumigation (bath) therapy has been formed after many demonstrations by experts from the external treatment branch. The specification (draft) includes indications, contraindications, pre-medication evaluation, pre-medication preparation, preparation of medicinal liquid, fumigation temperature, fumigation time, fumigation frequency, fumigation course, operation method, post-medication treatment and evaluation, matters needing attention, common adverse reactions and countermeasures, etc. The purpose of this paper is to standardize the clinical application of TCM fumigation (bath) therapy, improve its clinical curative effect and reduce adverse reactions.
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Environmental disinfection greatly reduces the occurrence of nosocomial or healthcare associated infections (HCAIs) which are the major healthcare problems worldwide. In India, Ayurvedic traditionalfumigation with natural plant products is used to disinfect environment. In the present study, environmental disinfection efficiency of traditional fumigation practice has been evaluated by using naturalplant products such as garlic (Allium sativum) peel, turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder, Carom (Trachyspermum ammi) seeds (Ajwain) and Loban (resin of Styrax benzoin and Boswellia species). The efficiencyof traditional fumigation using these natural products to disinfect air and surface was evaluated. Theeffect of traditional fumigation on the microbiological quality of air was revealed by active air sampling.In addition, the ability of the traditional fumigation using garlic peel to disinfect inanimate surface wasevaluated using three strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Glass slide wasartificially contaminated with the bacteria and fumigated whereas non-fumigated slide served as control.The control and fumigated slides were analyzed for surviving bacteria and subjected to scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) analysis. Traditional fumigation performed separately with three grams of garlic peel,turmeric, carom seeds and loban powder reduced the average air borne bacterial colony forming units(cfu)/m3 compared to non-fumigated control. The SEM analysis showed reduced number of bacteria ingarlic peel fumigated surface samples. The results of the study strongly suggested that the traditionalAyurvedic fumigation with natural plant products is effective in reducing air-borne bacteria and indisinfecting inanimate surfaces. The traditional fumigation with herbal products has huge potential toaddress the problem of nosocomial infections.© 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institute of Transdisciplinary Health Sciencesand Technology and World Ayurveda Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-NDlicense (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Objective: An efficient method was established using high content screening (HCS) for the hepatotoxicity evaluation of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix. Methods: Cytotoxicity of positive control group, negative control group, Ophiopogonis Radix extracts group and sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix extracts group were tested based on HepG2 human hepatoma cells. HCS was applied to detect the cell number, DNA content, level of glutathione (GSH), reactive oxgyen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Results: Compared with the cells of Ophiopogonis Radix extracts group, GSH of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix extracts decreased significantly at the concentration of 50 mg/mL; The MMP of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix extracts changed signally at the concentration of 12.5 mg/mL. Conclusion: Ophiopogonis Radix showed pontential cytotoxicity after sulfur-fumigated. The hepatotoxicity of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix may be related to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis according to the influence of its MMP from the results.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of sulfur fumigation of TCM and its decoction pieces, and to put forward the suggestions on limit standard of sulfur dioxide residue. METHODS: The information of 374 varieties of TCM and sulfur dioxide residue were collected from the provincial and municipal drug inspection institutions of 27 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China during 2013-2017, and then summarized and analyzed. The average value,median value,maximum value,qualification rate and detection rate of sulfur dioxide residue of 121 varieties with the sample number ≥10 batches were classified and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: This investigation involved 374 varieties of TCM and its decoction pieces, and a total of 13 776 batches of samples. The average content of sulfur dioxide was 242 mg/kg,the median value was 27 mg/kg,and the maximum value was 8 782 mg/kg. The overall qualified rate was 79.7%. According to the results of classified statistics, among the 10 varieties whose limit shall not exceed 400 mg/kg,5 varieties,including Codonopsis pilosula, Radix Trichosanthis, Asparagus cochinchinensis, Pueraria lobata, Achyranthes bidentata, were seriously affected by sulfur fumigation,and the qualified rate was less than 80%. Among the varieties with the sample number≥30 batches, there was no or very little abuse of sulfur fumigation in 16 varieties, such as Carthamus tinctorius; 19 varieties, such as Eupolyphaga Steleophaga, had excessive sulfur fumigation, but it was not serious; 25 varieties,such as Lonicera japonica,had severe excessive sulfur fumigation. Among the varieties with the sample number of 10-29 batches,33 varieties including Ziziphus jujube seed had no or very little abuse of sulfur fumigation; 8 varieties including Cuscuta chinensis had excessive sulfur fumigation but were not serious; 10 varieties including Pericarpium Trichosanthis had serious excessive sulfur fumigation. CONCLUSIONS: For the varieties with no or very little excessive sulfur fumigation,it is recommended that batch testing should not be carried out and a single list should be made; for the varieties with sulfur fumigation or severe sulfur fumigation, it is suggested to increase the sulfur dioxide residue limit under all varieties in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and set the limit for the varieties with severe sulfur fumigation to be no more than 400 mg/kg,while the limit for the 2025 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia can be reduced to no more than 150 mg/kg. Other varieties should retain the provisions of “sulfur dioxide residue of sulfur dioxide medicinal materials and decoction pieces (except for minerals) shall not exceed 150 mg/kg” in the general rules 0212 “for the identification of medicinal materials and decoction pieces” in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (part Ⅳ).