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OBJECTIVE：To compare the content changes of active/toxic ingredient genkwanin in ethanol extract from Wikstroemia indica before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”and the effects of processing method on its anti-oxidation ability. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of genkwanin in W. indica before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”. The separation was performed on Diamonsil C 18 column with 0.2％ phosphoric acid solution-methanol as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and detection wavelength was set at 346 nm. The sample size was 20 µL. SD rats were randomly divided into blank group ，W. indica raw product ethanol extract group （317.52 mg/kg，called“raw-product group ”as short ）and W. indica processed product ethanol extract group （317.52 mg/kg，called“processed-product group ”as short ），with 6 rats in each group. Blank group was given constant volume of 1.0％CMC-Na solution intragastrically ，and administration groups were given relevant medicine suspension intragastrically；all of them were given 20 mL/kg，once a day ，for consecutive 14 days. The contents of serum oxidant stress indexes（MDA，CAT，SOD）in rats were determined by ELISA. RESULTS ：The linear range of genkwanin were 0.147-27.360 μg （r＝0.999 9）；RSDs of precision ，reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 3％ ；average recoveries were 98.64％-98.92％（RSD＜1％，n＝3）. Before and after processing with “sweat soaking method ”，average contents of genkwanin in W. indica were 0.377 6 and 0.234 0 mg/g. Compared with blank group ，the serum content of SOD in raw-product group was increased significantly ，while CAT content was decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the serum content of MDA was decreased significantly in processed-product group ，while SOD content was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. MDA content of processed-product group was significantly lower than that of raw-product group ，while SOD content was significantly higher than raw-product group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：After proce ssing with “sweat soaking method ”，the content of genkwanin in W. indica is decreased ，and antioxidant activity is increased .“Sweat soaking method ”processes certain function of “reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency ”.
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Objective: To investigate the pharmacological effects of genkwanin, the active ingredient in Leonurus on coagulation and anti-inflammation in mice. Methods: The body torsion pain caused by acetic acid model, auricle swelling induced by xylene, and the blood capillary permeability model were used to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of genkwanin in mice. Results: The clotting time was significantly reduced in medium- and high-dose genkwanin groups compared with the control group (P0.05) in the low-dose genkwanin group, a significant reduce of A value (P<0.05) in the medium-dose group, and an extremely significant decrease of A value (P<0.01) in the high-dose group. Conclusion: Genkwanin can promote blood coagulation function of mice, and reduce the times of their body torsion pain caused by acetic acid, showing obvious analgesic effects. Furthermore, genkwanin can inhibit auricle swelling of mice induced by xylene and reduce the blood capillary permeability of their abdominal cavity, suggesting its mild anti-inflammatory effects. The findings can provide clinical evidence for treating dysmenorrheal and endometritis.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the stems and leaves of semi-mangrove plant, Barringtonia racemosa. Methods: The chemical constituents of B. racemosa were separated and purified by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatographies and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties, spectroscopic analysis, as well as comparisons with the data reported in literature. Results: A total of 17 compounds were isolated from the 90% ethanol extract of the stems and leaves of B. racemosa, which were identified as chrysin (1), ayanin (2), genkwanin (3), rhamnocitrin (4), tricin (5), dillenetin (6), 5,3'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (7), 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (8), 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3',4'- pentamethoxy flavone (9), petasitolone (10), sarmentol F (11), dehydrovomifoliol (12), blumenol A (13), 10-hydroxyaristolan-9-one (14), alphitolic acid (15), oleanolic lactone (16), and 11,12-dehydroursolic acid lactone (17). Conclusion: All compounds are isolated from the genus Barringtonia for the first time.
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Objective To study the chemical constituents of Gendarussa vulgaris. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified with silica column chromatography and gel chromatography, etc. Their structures were identified by physico- chemical properties and various spectroscopic methods including NMR spectrum, MS, UV, etc. Results A total of 16 compounds were isolated and elucidated as daucosterol (1), 6″-O-acetylisavitexin (2), 9,10-dihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (3), 22E,24R-ergosta- 7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β,9α-tetraol (4), isorhamnetin (5), quercetin (6), eleutheroside E (7), gusanlung A (8), gusanlung B (9), betulin (10), isovitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside (11), isovitexin (12), genkwanin (13), apigenin (14), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (15), and 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphe-nyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol (16). Conclusion Compounds 3, 5, 11, 12 and 15 are isolated from G. vulgaris for the first time. Compound 2, 4, 13, and 16 are isolated from the plant of genus for the first time.
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Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Leonurus macranthus. Methods: The chemical constituents were separated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatographies, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Results: Nineteen compounds were isolated from the CH2Cl2 layer of 70% aqueous acetone extract in the aerial parts of L. macranthus, and identified as (+)-syringaresinol (1), (+)-1-hydroxysyringaresinol (2), rayalinol (3), erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl ether (4), (7R, 7'R, 7″S, 8S, 8'S, 8″S)-3', 4″- dihydroxy-3, 5, 4', 5″-tetramethoxy-7, 9': 7', 9-diepoxy-4, 8″-oxy-8, 8'-sesquineo-lignan-7″, 9″-diol (5), (7R, 7'R, 7″S, 8S, 8'S, 8″S)-4', 5″- dihydroxy-3, 5, 3', 4″-tetramethoxy-7, 9': 7', 9-diepoxy-4, 8″-oxy-8, 8'-sesquineo-lignan-7″, 9″-diol (6), genkwanin (7), 3'-hydroxy- genkwanin (8), eriodictyol (9), isoscopoletin (10), p-coumaric acid (11), caffeic acid methyl ester (12), trans-ferulic acid (13), syringic aldehyde (14), vanillic acid (15), oct-1-en-3-yl β-glucopyranoside (16), 5-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone (17), pterolactam (18), and nicotinamide (19), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1-6 and 9-19 are isolated from the plants of genus Leonurus Linn. for the first time, and compounds 7 and 8 are found from L. macranthus for the first time.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the root tubers of Fagopyrum dibotrys. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by means of chromatographic techniques and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral features. Results: Fourteen known compounds were isolated from methanol extract in the dry roots of F. dibotrys and thier structures were identified as luteolin (1), tricin (2), luteolin-7,4'-dimethyl ether (3), quercetin (4), genkwanin (5), chrysoeriol (6), protocatechuic acid (7), protocatechuic acid methyl ester (8), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9), glutinone (10), glutinol (11), olean-12-ene-3β, 7β, 15α, 28-tetraol (12), juglangenin A (13), and 21β-dihydroxy-olean-12-ene (14). Conclusion: Compounds 5 and 6 are firstly obtained from F. dibotrys. Compounds 12-14 are isolated from the plants of Fagopyrum Mill. for the first time.
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Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of wild Aquilaria sinensis. Methods: The powder of the dried leaves was percolated with 70% acetone. Various chromatographic methods were employed to isolate the compounds and their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis. Results: Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as 6-E-octadecenoic acid (1), ethyl linoleate (2), apiolin-7, 4'-dimethyl ether (3), 4-cyanobenzaldehyde (4), luteolin-7, 3', 4'-trimethyl ether (5), genkwanin (6), p-phthalic acid di (4-octyl) ester (7), 6-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavone (8), 5-hydroxy-7, 2', 4', 5'- tetramethoxyflavone (9), 5, 4'-dihydroxy-7, 3'-dimethoxyflavone (10), quercetin (11), kaempferol (12), and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (13). Conclusion: Thirteen compounds have been identified from wild A. sinensis leaves. Compounds 4, 8, and 9 are firstly isolated from the plants of Thymelaeaceae.