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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Locacorten Vioform (Novartis UK) is frequently prescribed for otomycosis. Its component, Clioquinol, also has anti-bacterial properties. Up to this point, its ototoxic potential has not been evaluated. Our objective aims to evaluate Locacorten Vioform’s potential ototoxicity when applied directly to the middle ear cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed an experimental prospective animal study in our animal research center with 20 Hartley guinea pigs divided into 2 groups. The first group (experimental) was treated with Locacorten Vioform in one ear and with a physiologic saline solution in the other. The second group (positive control) was treated with concentrated gentamycin in one ear and physiologic saline in the other. Auditory brainstem response measurements were obtained before and after three sets of injections. Statistics were analyzed using a variance analysis with repeated measures. The histological state of cochlear outer hair cells was compared between the two groups using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Average hearing loss in ears treated with Locacorten Vioform was 32.1 dB, compared with a 2.5 dB average loss in the saline-treated ears. Ears treated with gentamycin lost an average of 33.0 dB. There were clinically and statistically significant differences between the two ears of the guinea pigs in both groups (p < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy revealed severe pericochlear and cochlear inflammation and ossification in the Locacorten Vioform-treated ears. Gentamycin caused significant destruction of outer hair cell architecture. CONCLUSIONS: Locacorten Vioform induces a hearing loss similar to that caused by gentamycin when applied directly to the middle ear of a guinea pig model. Electron microscopy indicates a pericochlear and cochlear inflammatory reaction with ossification.
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Animals , Animal Experimentation , Clioquinol , Ear , Ear, Middle , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Gentamicins , Guinea Pigs , Guinea , Hair , Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner , Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer , Hearing Loss , Inflammation , Microscopy, Electron , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Otomycosis , Prospective Studies , Sodium ChlorideABSTRACT
Background: Aminoglycoside antibiotics are still the drug of choice in variable conditions like resistant tuberculosis and septicaemia. Toxic effects are the greatest hurdle in their liberal use. Their central neuro-toxicities specially in terms of affinity are yet to be explored. Methods: Experimental rats received streptomycin, kanamycin and gentamycin in a dose of 30mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 135 mg/kg respectively, IMI, daily for 21 days. Total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides were estimated in auditory cortex, medial geniculate body, inferior colliculus, cerebellum and spinal cord in both control and experimental rats. Results: On the basis of statistically significant alterations in aforementioned biochemical parameters, affinity of drugs was quantified by scoring. Streptomycin and kanamycin showed maximum toxicity in terms of scoring of 4 with preferential targets i.e. medial geniculate body and inferior colliculus respectively. Gentamycin showed affinity for higher centres only with equal scoring of 3 for toxicity at three locations i.e. auditory cortex, medial geniculate body and inferior colliculus. Conclusion: Such preferential toxicities might reflect some aspects of mechanism of toxicity of different drugs.
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Introducción. Los pacientes que tuvieron complicaciones infecciosas post cirugía de apendicitis siguen usualmente un esquema de tratamiento establecido de antibióticos en el Hospital San Juan de Dios (HSJD). Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de 60 pacientes pediátricos con apendicitis complicada a quienes se les efectuó una apendicectomía abierta y se utilizó el esquema antibiótico de metronidazol y gentamicina. Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia del esquema de antibióticos usados. Metodología. El estudio se efectuó en la Unidad de Cirugía Pediátrica del HGSJD en el período de tiempo de enero a diciembre de 2013. Se evaluaron las complicaciones infecciosas en los pacientes que requirieron la omisión de los antibióticos mencionados y el inicio de la combinación de piperacilina tazobactam amikacina. Resultados. Hubo 56 (93%) pacientes en quienes el esquema inicial de metronidazol gentamicina fue el único empleado sin que presentaran complicación infecciosa alguna, mientras que 4 (7%) pacientes presentaron colecciones abdominales que requirieron el cambio a piperacilina tazobactam-amikacina con lo que resolvieron la sepsis abdominal. Conclusiones. La utilización de la combinación antibiótica de metronidazol-gentamicina continúa siendo eficiente en la población pediátrica con apendicitis aguda complicada que consulta a nuestro hospital dejando el empleo de la piperacilina tazobactam y amikacina como una alternativa terapéutica útil. Palabras clave: Apendicetomía, metronidazol-gentamicina, piperacilina-tazobactam, amikacina
Introduction: A retrospective study was conducted with 60 pediatric patients with diagnosis of complicated appendicitis, in which open appendectomy was performed and treated with metronidazole and gentamycin. Objective: To evaluate efficacy between the combination of a routinely stablished treatment of metronidazole and gentamycin and piperacillin-tazobactam with amikacin in the treatment of complicated appendectomies. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in the Pediatric Surgery Unit of the General Hospital San Juan de Dios from January to December 2013. The postoperative complications were assessed of patients who needed a change in antibiotic therapy to piperacillin tazobactam-amikacin. Results: Fifty-six patients (93%) in which the initial antibiotic combination was used recovered without any complications. Four (7%) patients developed intraabdominal collections and needed therapy with piperacillin tazobactamamikacin with which they resolved the abdominal sepsis. The antibiotic combination gentamycin and metronidazole is still effective in the pediatric population with complicated acute appendicitis in our hospital, leaving the use of piperacillin tazobactam amikacin as a useful alternative. Keywords: Appendectomy, metronidazole-gentamycin, piperacillin tazobactam-amikacyn
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Herein we describe the preparation, characterization and utilization of chitosan nanoparticles for the intracellular delivery of the poorly cell-penetrating antibiotic e.g. Ciprofloxacin, Chlortetracycline hydrochloride and Gentamycin sulfate to improve their treatment of bacterial infections. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via the ionic gelation of chitosan with tri polyphosphate anions. Several parameters were studied to optimize the particle size of chitosan nanoparticles, here we select the concentration of chitosan and the concentrations of sodium tri poly phosphate (TPP) as optimizing parameters and the other factors stay constant such as pH of solution and ultrasonication time. Chitosan nanoparticles formed characterized by using FT-IR and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results show that chitosan nanoparticles and its loaded antibiotics kill and inhibits the growth of gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria tested due to nanoparticles structures, and the antibacterial activity increased with increasing the anti biotic content.
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Objective:To discuss the ways to deal with adverse drug reactions in pharmaceutical care. Methods:A case of drug-induced kidney injury was provided to analyze the effect of clinical pharmacist on adverse drug reactions. Results and Conclusion:Good quality of pharmaceutical care, such as reliable drug information, is valuable in clinical practice.
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The antimicrobial activity of aloe vera extract was tested against pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Klebisella pneumonia and E.coli and fungi like Aspergillus niger and Candida at a dose of 1:20 mg/ml and 2:40 mg/ml by using cup plate diffusion method. Various solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol were used for extracts. The results reveal that, methanol and petroleum ether at a dose of 20 mg/ml has showed significant activity against Klebisella pneumonia and E.coli whereas in fungi, methanol extract showed significant activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida. Methanol extract has showed maximum inhibitory activity against E.coli and Candida. Petroleum ether has showed moderate inhibitory activity against Klebisella pneumonia and Candida. The zone of inhibition was measured and compared with standard Gentamycin (1 mg/ml). However, in none of the above mentioned extracts the inhibition zone was not more than that found in standard i.e., Gentamycin.
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Objective To investigate the protective effects of round window membrane administration of dex-amethasone(Dex) on ototoxicity induced by gentamicin(GM) .Methods Sixty guinea pigs with normal hearing were randomly divided into four groups ,①GM group :treated with gentamicin by 120 mg · kg -1 · d-1 for 10 days;②GM -S-Dex group:treated as the GM group and dexamethasone by intraperitoneal injection 2 .5 mg · kg -1 · d-1 for 10 days;③GM -T -Dex group :treated as the GM group and dexamethasone by round window administration on right ear ;④NS -T -Dex group:treated with sodium chloride by 120 mg · kg -1 · d-1 for 10 days and with dex-amethasone topically as GM -T -Dex group .The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was respectively measured before the treatment and on day 1 ,day 10 after the treatment .After the treatment ,animals were killed instantly and the middle ear mucosa and the Corti's organ were observed with SEM .Results There was no change of ABR threshold in NS -T -Dex group on day 10 after the treatment ,whereas ABR thresholds in the other groups were elevated and GM group was the most significant .The massive outer hair cells loss was observed in GM group while the loss in GM -T -Dex group and GM -S-Dex group was trivial .The middle ear mucosa was normal and no inflammation was found in any of the groups .Conclusion The results indicated that round window administration of dexamethasone had protective effects aganist the gentamicin -induced hearing loss .
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Objective To determine the curative effect of a trigeminy treatment including gen-tamycin, albumin and local oxygen therapy on treatment of ulcerative bedsore. Methods 50 cases of hospitalized patients in our hospital with ulcerative bedsore during January,2005 to December,2007 were selected. The patients were randomly classified into the experimental group and the control group with 25 patients in each group. The patients in the experimental group were treated by trigeminy treat-ment after debridement, while the patients in the control group were treated by covering with gen-tamycin and bandaging with dressing after debridement.The therapeutic effect of the two groups was compared by χ2 test. Results After the treatment, 6, 10, 6 and 3 patients in the experimental group, were healing, excellence, utility and inefficacy, respectively. On the contrast in the patients of the con-trol group, 2, 8, 5 and 10 were judged as healing, excellence, utility and inefficacy, respectively. The experimental group showed better effect than the control group. Conclusions The trigeminy treat-ment is able to remarkably increase clinical treatment effect of ulcerative bedsore.
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@#Objective To compare the early therapeutic effects of gentamycin combined with ropivacaine and triamcinolone on trigminal neuralgia.Methods Ninety patients with trigeminal neuralgia were randomly divided into the ropivacaine group and triamcinolone group.The received nerve block peripherally was performed with gentamycin combined with ropivacaine(in the ropivacaine group)or triamcinolone(in the triamcinolone group)respectively.The parameters included pain intensity before and 1 d,3 d,1 week,2 weeks,1 month,2 months and 3 months after treatment,pain relief rate and dosage of carbamazepine of two groups were compared.Results The pain intensity in all the groups decreased at each time point.The value of numeric rating scale(NRS)in the ropivacaine group was significantly less than that in the triamcinolone group at 1 d,1 month,2 months and 3 months.Conclusion Gentamycin combined with ropivacaine is more suitable for trigeminal neuralgia than triamcinolone.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of gentamycin sulfate C component in medicinal albumin gel. METHODS: Samples was separated on Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 at a column temperature of 26℃. The mobile phase was methanol-acetic acid-water (70∶5∶25, added with 0.02mol?L-1 sodium heptanesulfonate solution) for gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0mL?min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 330nm. RESULTS: Baseline separation of gentamycin sulfate C component in medicinal albumin gel was achieved. The linear range of gentamycin sulfate C component was 0.26?g～6.50?g and its average recovery rate was 90.0%, RSD=0.43%, the lowest limit of detection was 0.368ng. CONCLUSION: The method was proved to be simple, accurate and reliable, and suitable for the content determination of gentamycin sulfate C component in related preparations.
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Objective To explore the influence of gentamycin on murine cochlea spiral ganglion neurons' electrophysiological properties and its significance.Methods Using whole-cell voltage clamp technique, we studied gentamycin's influence on the peak currents of the potassium and sodium ion channels on cell membranes of acutely dissociated murine spiral ganglion neurons,the relationship to gentamycin's concentration in extracellular fluid, and the currents' recovery after gentamycin being washed out.Results Gentamycin could inhibit voltage-dependent potassium channels, but it couldn't inhibit voltage-dependent sodium channels. Gentamycin's inhibitation on potassium currents had dose-dependence with gentamycin's concerntration in extracellular fluid and the currents recoverd incompletely after gentamycin being washed out.Conclusion This research explained the ototoxic mechanism of gentamycin through its action on keeping from spiral ganglion neurons' potassium ion channels from the electrophysiological aspect, and set a foundation for further research.
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Objective To observe the treatment effects of the ultrashort wave diathermy on gentamycin-in- duced acute renal injury of rats.Methods Eighteen Sgrague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group(6 rats),a model group(6 rats)and a treatment group(6 rats),the treatment group was treated with ultra- short wave diathermy once a day for a total of 20 days.The observed indexes were NAG,RBP,?_1-MG,?_2-MG in the urine of rats;the SCr,BUN in the blood of rats were also tested and the pathological changes of the renal ob- served.Results The pathological injuries of those in the ultrashort wave treatment group was slighter than the con- trol group;the NAG,RBP,?_1-MG,?_1-MG in the urine and the SCr,BUN in the blood of treatment group were low- er than those of the model group(P
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AIM: To study the protective effects of dexamethasone agains t ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics in guinea pigs. METHODS: Guinea pigs were divided into five groups. Group One: gentamycin, im; Group Two: amikacin, im; Group Three: gentamycin+ dexamethasone, im; Group Four: amika cin+ dexamethasone,im; Group Five: NS, im, all for two weeks. After three weeks, all animals were examined including tympanic mucous membrane reaction, nystagmu s depression rates and cochleae morphology. RESULTS: In Group Th ree and Four, the changes of morphology were slighter than those in Group One an d Two. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone can weaken ototoxicity of amino glycoside antibiotics.
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OBJECTIVE: To optimize the sample treatment method in the content determination of gentamycin sulfate sustained-release tablets.METHODS: In the light of the characteristics of the preparation technology of sustained-release tablets,the contents of the same sample treated by 4 methods were compared.Method 1 was a method adopted from Chinese Pharmacopeia;The solution time was increased differently in method 2 and method 3,and method 4 was similar to method 3,but in which additional grinding treatment was performed.RESULTS: Compared with marked value,the approaching degree by method 4 was the highest,followed by method 3,method 2 and method 1,respectively.The average recovery rates for method 1 and method 4 were 91.1%(RSD=1.46%) and 99.8%(RSD=0.74%),respectively.CONCLUSION: Method 4 is the optimal one for sample treatment and it is suitable for the determination of the content of this preparation.
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Culture and sensitivity of the ocular microflora of 100 known diabetic and 100 nondiabetic Filipino patients were done prior to cataract surgery. Seventy eight percent of the microorganisms isolated from the nondiabetic were Staphylococcus epidermidis. From the diabetic group, 79% of the isolates were gram negative, with pseudomonas and proteus cultured from those with diabetes of mean duration 13.04 and 12.50 years respectively. Gram positive microorganisms were most sensitive to Neomycin, followed by Gentamycin. For gram negative isolates, Gentamycin has the highest sensitivity followed by Neomycin. All 200 patients were given Gentamycin Sulfate 0.3% one eye drop every 8 hours for one week pre-operative and single dose 0.4 mg subconjunctival injection postoperatively. None of the subjects developed postoperative complications. With the predominance of mixed infections and pseudomonas among diabetics, plus the presence of direct correlation of opportunistic pathogens with the duration of Diabetes Mellitus, it would be ideal that aside from being in good metabolic control, culture and sensitivity of the ocular microflora of diabetics be done, and proper topical antibiotic regimen be administered prior to elective intraocular surgery. This could prevent a possible catastrophic complication which is postoperative endophthalmitis.
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Patients , Cataract , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of intratympanic gentamycin on intractable Meniere's disease.Methods 10 patients diagnosed of intractable Meniere disease were analyzed respectively.Results 9 patients got A and 2 patients got B in controlling vertigo.1 patient gots B and 9 patients got C in hearing result.Conclusion Intratympanic gentamycin for intractable Meniere disease is an effective method.It should be studied further.
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OBJECTIVE:To prepare Weikang capsule and establish its quality standard METHODS:Weikang capsule was prepared with gentamycin sulfate,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 A polarimetry was established for determining the content of gentamycin sulfate in Weikang capsule RESULTS:There was a good linearity between optical rotations and concentrations of gentamycin sulfate from 2 000IU/ml to 12 000IU/ml with a regression equation of ?=0 00 767+1 77 003C,r=0 9 999 The average recovery rate of gentamycin sulfate in Weikang capsule was 100 1%,RSD was 0 79%(n=6) The results of polarimetry and microbioassay were nearly equivalent CONCLUSION:The preparation process of Weikang capsule is simple,and polarimetry for determination of the content of gentamycin sulfate in Weikang capsule wes rapid and reliable
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According to the pharmacokinetic theory, the authors studied the accumulation of gentamycin in perilymph of guinea pigs by searching the drug concentration at various time with Fluorescene Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA). The results indicated that: (1) The drug concentration in perilymph increased with the augment of total doses administered and there was almost a linear correlation between them. (2) In animals of 7-day injectious group, the drug could be still detected during 72 hours after the last dose administration. The concentration was 1 37?0.95 ?g/ml which was close to the level of serum minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). It suggested that the elimination of the drug from inner ear was too slow and evident accumulation of gentamycin was indeed. (3) The fact mentioned above implied that the drug ototoxities could still damage the ear even if the drug administered had ceased before. It is the reason by which we could explain the problem encountered in clinic, that is why in some patients the ototoxic syndrom may still presented or enhanced even though the treatment has been stopped a few days before.
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Objective: To compare nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of gentamycin administered in single dose or multiple dose daily in guinea pigs. Methods: Thirty two male guinea pigs were divided into physiological saline control, single dose group daily (gentamycin, 120 mg/kg, 1/d) and multiple dose group daily (gentamycin, 60 mg/kg, 2/d). The physiopathology of renal and cochlea in guinea pigs were examined using auditory brainstem response (ABR), SC sound irritation and electron microscope. The gentamycin concentrations in serum and in perilymph were monitored by fluorescene polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Results: (1) Compared with control group, both gentamycin single and mulitiple daily doses injuried kidney and cochlea to some extent.The injury of multiple dose groups were worse than that the single dose groups ( P