Relato de experiência de atendimentos em psicoterapia breve a partir da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa: o cuidado ao processo de luto / Experience report of brief psychotherapy sessions from the person-centered approach: caring for the bereavement process of a family / Informe de experiencia de sesiones breves de psicoterapia desde el enfoque centrado en la persona: atención al proceso de duelo de un familiar

INTRODUÇÃO: A psicoterapia breve tem sido um importante recurso no atendimento aos casos de luto relacionados à perda de um familiar, de modo que estudos têm evidenciado a necessidade de aprofundamento nesta modalidade de atendimento. OBJETIVO: Este artigo tem como objetivo a apresentação e discussão de um relato de experiência de atendimento em psicoterapia breve a partir da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa (ACP) e tem como tema central o processo de luto. METODOLOGIA: O relato de experiência se referiu a um processo de atendimento psicoterápico que ocorreu através do Projeto de Acolhimento da Universidade Federal da Bahia, entre setembro e dezembro de 2022, totalizando 10 encontros, sendo uma sessão semanal com duração de 50 minutos cada. Os atendimentos foram realizados remotamente. Através do relato de experiência, este trabalho buscou compreender o processo de luto de um familiar sob a luz do Modelo do Processo Dual do Luto, analisando a experiência da psicóloga no processo psicoterápico breve. RESULTADOS: Como resultados principais, observou-se que o processo de luto é um fenômeno natural e complexo e deve ser compreendido dentro das particularidades contextuais e culturais de cada indivíduo/família. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se pontuando a importância da temática do luto na formação dos profissionais de saúde, em especial daqueles que lidam com essa demanda na sua prática profissional.

INTRODUCTION: Brief psychotherapy has been an important resource in the care of bereavement cases related to the loss of a family member, thus studies have shown the need to deepen this modality of care OBJECTIVE: This article aims to present and discuss an experience report of brief psychotherapy care from the person-centered approach, which has as its central theme the grieving process. METHODOLOGY: The experience report referred to a psychotherapeutic service that took place through the Projeto de Acolhimento da Universidade Federal da Bahia, between September and December 2022, totaling 10 meetings, with a weekly session lasting 50 minutes each. The consultations were carried out remotely. Through an experience report, this paper sought to understand the grieving process of a family member under the Dual Grief Process Model, analyzing the psychologist's experience in the brief psychotherapeutic process. RESULTS: As the main results, the study observed that the grieving process is a natural and complex phenomenon. In this sense, the necessary study points to understanding the grieving process within the contextual and cultural particularities of each individual/family. CONCLUSION: It was concluded by pointing out the importance of the theme of mourning in the training of health professionals, especially those who deal with this demand in their professional practice.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La psicoterapia breve ha sido un recurso importante en la atención de casos de duelo relacionados con la pérdida de un familiar, por lo que los estudios han mostrado la necesidad de profundizar en esta modalidad de atención. OBJETIVO: Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar y discutir un relato de experiencia de atención psicoterapéutica breve desde el enfoque centrado en la persona, que tiene como tema central el proceso de duelo. METODOLOGÍA: El informe de la experiencia se refirió a un servicio psicoterapéutico que tuvo lugar a través del Projeto de Acolhimento da Universidade Federal da Bahia, entre septiembre y diciembre de 2022, con un total de 10 reuniones, con una sesión semanal de 50 minutos cada una. Las consultas se realizaron a distancia. A través del relato de la experiencia, este trabajo trató de comprender el proceso de duelo de un familiar a la luz del Modelo Dual de Proceso de Duelo, analizando la experiencia de la psicóloga en el proceso psicoterapéutico breve. RESULTADOS: Como principales resultados, se concluyó que el proceso de duelo es necesario, delicado y debe ser comprendido dentro de las particularidades contextuales y culturales de cada individuo/familia. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluyó señalando la importancia del tema del duelo en la formación de los profesionales de la salud, especialmente de aquellos que atienden esta demanda en su práctica profesional.

Construction of anticipatory grief intervention for family caregivers of advanced cancer patients based on narrative theory / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct an anticipatory grief intervention scheme for family caregivers of advanced cancer patients based on narrative theory, and to provide reference for anticipatory grief nursing intervention.Methods:From October 2022 to May 2023, through literature research, semi-structured interview and brainstorming method, the first draft of nursing intervention plan was constructed, the Delphi method was used to conduct 2 rounds of correspondence consultation with 15 experts, and the indicators at all levels were modified according to the opinions of experts, and the final draft of intervention plan was formed.Results:The experts were all female, aged (49.67 ± 5.83) years old. The authority coefficient of the two rounds of experts was 0.87. The Kendall coordination coefficients of the first, second, and third level indicators after the first round of expert inquiry were 0.195, 0.113, and 0.093, respectively. The Kendall coordination coefficients of the first, second, and third level indicators after the second round of expert inquiry were 0.200, 0.119, and 0.101, respectively. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 8.76-107.21, all P<0.05).Finally, a nursing intervention plan based on narrative theory was formed, which included 4 primary indicators, 19 secondary indicators and 72 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The anticipatory grief intervention scheme for family caregivers of advanced cancer patients is scientific, practical and feasible, and can be used for psychological nursing of family caregivers.

A qualitative study on the influencing factors of anticipatory grief among family caregivers of terminal-stage cancer patients in the context of narrative medicine / 中国医学伦理学

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of anticipatory grief among family caregivers of terminal-stage cancer patients，and provide a reference for formulating intervention programs for anticipatory grief. MethodsAn interview outline was designed，and the descriptive qualitative research method was used.The aim was to select 11 family narrative caregivers of patients in the Department of Medical Oncology，Nanfang Hospital，Southern Medical University for semi-structured in-depth interviews.Based on the social ecology model，using the narrative theory of life and health as the framework，the content analysis method was adopted to analyze the data. ResultsA total of 3 themes and 12 sub-themes were extracted，including the influencing factors at the individual level （narrative literacy，cognitive level towards death，and sense of self-worth），the influencing factors at the interpersonal level （patient’s disease situation，education level，economic status，family narrative connection，peer narrative connection，and narrative connection between doctors and family members），and the influencing factors at the cultural policy level （social culture，physical environment of the ward，and policy level）. ConclusionAnticipatory grief was affected by multiple factors，and multi-dimensional narrative connection should be constructed from individual，interpersonal，family，social，and other levels to prevent caregivers from falling into a narrative lock of single caregiver identity，alleviate the impact of anticipatory grief on caregivers，and improve their quality of life.

Association and Contribution of Patient and Bereaved Family Background to Outcomes of Survivor Surveys

A secondary analysis of data from national bereavement surveys conducted in 2014, 2016, and 2018 was conducted with the aim of identifying the contribution of various patient and bereavement backgrounds to the outcomes of the Bereavement Survey. The data were evaluated in terms of structure and process of care (CES), achievement of a desirable death (GDI), complexity grief (BGQ), and depression (PHQ-9). The large data set and comprehensive analysis of bereavement survey outcomes clarified the need for adjustment of confounding variables and which variables should be adjusted for in future analyses. Overall, the contribution of the background factors examined in this study to the CES (Adj-R2=0.014) and overall satisfaction (Adj-R2=0.055) was low. The contribution of the GDI (Adj-R2=0.105) was relatively high, and that of the PHQ-9 (Max-rescaled R2=0.200) and BGQ (Max-rescaled R2=0.207) was non-negligible.

Impact on Bereaved Families’ Experience of Deceased Patients Discharge Using the Hospital’s Main Entrance

Our former independent palliative care center has become a palliative care ward in our new general hospital, and deceased patients continue to be discharged through the building’s main entrance. We compared the impact of this change on the discharge experience of bereaved families. As a result, the number of bereaved families who felt uneasy when their relatives were discharged from the hospital increased from 13% to 23%. On the other hand, the number of bereaved families who had a feeling of uneasiness when encountering the discharge of other deceased patients decreased from 52% to 28%. Although positive feedback was received for discharge using the main entrance, our findings emphasize the need for thorough consideration by medical staff of the manner of discharge in general hospitals. In response to bereaved families’ requests, our hospital has introduced a discharge system that allows families to choose whether to leave through the main entrance or through other entrances, aiming to improve the discharge experience.

Intervention efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy on prolonged grief disorder： a Meta-analysis / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundProlonged grief disorder （PGD） has serious impact on the quality of patients' work and life. Previous relevant studies have explored the intervention effect of cognitive behavioral therapy（CBT） on PGD， but their conclusions remain controversial due to differences in frequency， time and content of intervention. ObjectiveTo explore the intervention effects of CBT on the PGD through Meta-analysis， so as to provide references for clinical treatment. MethodsOn October 22， 2022， the database of VIP， China Biomedical Literature Database， Wanfang， CNKI， Embase， Cochrane Library， PubMed and Web of Science were searched systematically， and randomized controlled trials （RCTs） of CBT in treating PGD was collected. Outcome indicators include sadness， depression， anxiety and somatization symptoms. RevMan 5.3 was used for Meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 7 articles were included with a total sample size of 528 cases. Meta-analysis results showed that the study group had lower scores than the control group for grief （SMD=-0.78，95% CI：-1.27~-0.29）， depression （SMD=-0.45，95% CI：-0.73~-0.17） and anxiety symptom （SMD=-0.38，95% CI：-0.59~-0.18） with statistically significant differences. However， the difference of scores for somatization symptom between two groups was not significant （SMD=-0.01，95% CI：-0.26~0.25）. ConclusionCBT may contribute to improving the symptoms of grief， depression and anxiety in PGD patients but unsatisfactory efficacy on somatization symptom.

Estratégias de autoajuda para pacientes em cuidados paliativos e seus familiares: revisão integrativa

Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias disponíveis na literatura internacional que forneça métodos de autoajuda para pacientes em cuidados paliativos e seus familiares. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada entre abril e maio de 2022, utilizando as bases de dados e bibliotecas online Medline, Scielo, Scopus, CINAHL e Web of Science. Os estudos foram selecionados de forma rigorosa, através da utilização de diferentes combinações dos MESH's e palavras chaves self-help, groups, palliative care, medicine in literature, literature, health, disease com o operador booleano AND. Foi utilizado um aplicativo online de gerenciamento de revisões, Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review, sendo realizada a dupla verificação cega. Na busca primária foram encontrados 3259 estudos, após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão 16 artigos compuseram o corpus de análise que usou como forma de apreciação a metodologia descritiva. Resultados: Obteve-se como principais achados a utilização de grupos de autoajuda como uma importante estratégia para auxiliar pacientes e familiares em situações desafiadoras que cernem o final de vida, outras estratégias foram vislumbradas como o uso de cartilhas, espaços e programas, que tendem a auxiliar nos momentos em que é necessário a comunicação de más notícias ou passar por situações de perda antecipatória e luto. Houve a predominância de estudos de abordagem qualitativa, e em maioria realizados na Suécia. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que a estratégia dominante foi os grupos de autoajuda, que demonstraram ser um espaço de troca de conhecimento e experiências pessoais, entre os indivíduos participantes.

Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias disponibles en la literatura internacional que brindan métodos de autoayuda para pacientes de cuidados paliativos y sus familias. Método: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integrativa, realizada entre abril y mayo de 2022, utilizando las bases de datos y bibliotecas en línea Medline, Scielo, Scopus, CINAHL y Web of Science. Los estudios fueron seleccionados rigurosamente, utilizando diferentes combinaciones de MESH y las palabras clave autoayuda, grupos, cuidados paliativos, medicina en la literatura, literatura, salud, enfermedad, con el operador booleano AND. Se utilizó una aplicación en línea de gestión de revisiones. Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review, con verificación doble ciego. En la búsqueda primaria se encontraron 3259 estudios; tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión 16 artículos compusieron el corpus de análisis. Resultados: Los principales hallazgos fueron el uso de grupos de autoayuda como estrategia importante para asistir a pacientes y familiares en situaciones desafiantes al final de la vida. Se vislumbraron otras estrategias como el uso de cartillas, espacios y programas, que tienden a asistir en momentos en que es necesario comunicar malas noticias o atravesar situaciones de pérdida anticipada y duelo. Hubo un predominio de estudios con enfoque cualitativo, y la mayoría de ellos realizados en Suecia. Conclusión: Se evidenció que la estrategia dominante fueron los grupos de autoayuda, que demostraron ser un espacio para el intercambio de información conocimientos y experiencias personales entre las personas participantes.

Objective: To identify the strategies available in the international literature that provide self-help methods for palliative care patients and their family members. Method: This is an integrative literature review conducted between April and May 2022 in the following online databases and libraries: Medline, Scielo, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science. The studies were selected rigorously using different combinations of MESH terms and keywords self-help, groups, palliative care, medicine in literature, literature, health, disease; with the AND Boolean operator. An online review management app was used, Rayyan - Intelligent Systematic Review, performing a double-blind check. A total of 3,250 studies were found in the primary search; after applying the exclusion criteria, 16 articles comprised the analysis corpus. Results: Conclusion:

Pérdidas y luto: prácticas en psicología escolar y educacional / Perdas e luto: práticas em psicologia escolar e educacional / Losses and grief: practices in school and educational psychology

RESUMO O presente estudo tem como objetivo revelar as práticas adotadas por psicólogos escolares acerca de demandas de perdas e luto em contexto educacional. Trata-se, pois de uma pesquisa qualitativa e utilizou-se a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural como aporte teórico-metodológico. Participaram da pesquisa 62 profissionais de 16 estados do Brasil. Os principais resultados apontam que as práticas dos psicólogos se caracterizam de forma individual, coletiva e multidisciplinar. É possível identificar indícios de criticidade, levando em consideração a compreensão integral e crítica presente nos relatos dos profissionais, ao passo em que práticas individualizantes e clínicas são também empenhadas nos contextos de trabalho dos participantes. Destaca-se que os resultados não são passíveis de generalização. Ademais, ressalta-se a necessidade de ações de cunho intersetorial entre educação, saúde e assistência social, investimento em formação inicial e continuada, mais debates, estudos e discussões que proporcionem diálogo entre diferentes processos de perdas e luto e a educação, haja vista a incipiência de estudos que versem sobre o diálogo entre os temas.

RESUMEN En el presente estudio se tiene como objetivo revelar las prácticas adoptadas por psicólogos escolares acerca de demandas de pérdidas y luto en contexto educacional. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa y se utilizó la Psicología Histórico-Cultural como aporte teórico-metodológico. Participaron de la investigación 62 profesionales de 16 estados de Brasil. Los principales resultados apuntan que las prácticas de los psicólogos se caracterizan de forma individual, colectiva y multidisciplinar. Es posible identificar indicios de criticidad, llevando en cuenta la comprensión integral y crítica presente en los relatos de los profesionales, al paso en que prácticas individualizantes y clínicas son también empeñadas en los contextos de trabajo de los participantes. Se destaca que los resultados no son pasibles de generalización. Además, se resalta la necesidad de acciones de cuño intersectorial entre educación, salud y asistencia social, investimento en formación inicial y continuada, más debates, estudios y discusiones que proporcionen diálogo entre diferentes procesos de pérdidas y luto y la educación, haya vista la insipiencia de estudios que versen sobre el diálogo entre los temas.

ABSTRACT The present study aims to reveal the practices adopted by school psychologists regarding the demands of loss and mourning in an educational context. In this sense, a qualitative research and Historical-Cultural Psychology was used as a theoretical-methodological contribution. In order to carry on with this research, 62 professionals from 16 states in Brazil participated. The main results indicate that psychologists' practices are characterized individually, collectively and multidisciplinary. It is possible to identify signs of criticality, taking into account the integral and critical understanding present in the professionals' reports, while individualizing and clinical practices are also engaged in the participants' work contexts. Also, it is noteworthy that the results are not subject to generalization. Furthermore, the need for intersectoral actions among education, health and social assistance, investment in initial and continuing training, more debates, studies and discussions that provide dialogue between different processes of loss and mourning and education is highlighted, with a view to incipience of studies that deal with the dialogue among the themes.

Redes vivas en salud en la pandemia de covid-19: evaluación del curso de formación multiprofesional "Nós da Linha de Frente" en Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil / Living Networks in Health during the covid-19 pandemic: Evaluation of the multiprofessional training course "Nós da Linha de Frente" in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta la evaluación del curso de intervención terapéutica en situaciones de pérdida traumática y duelo, ofrecido en línea por la Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, entre abril y agosto de 2021, para profesionales voluntarios. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. El análisis de las 55 respuestas de profesionales voluntarios y 14 respuestas de personas atendidas se basó en el modelo de evaluación Kirkpatrick. Los resultados muestran el acierto teórico y práctico del curso, con una evaluación positiva en los niveles de reacción, aprendizaje, comportamiento y resultados, en la que se destacó el trabajo colectivo y la motivación de los disertantes del curso. Los principales contenidos aprehendidos fueron temas relacionados con el cuidado de la muerte y el duelo. Las conductas derivadas del curso se encuadran en los campos afectivo-social y técnico-profesional. En cuanto al impacto, hubo un predominio de la satisfacción de las personas atendidas, así como identificación de cambios provocados por la formación.

ABSTRACT This article presents the evaluation of the therapeutic intervention course in situations of traumatic loss and grief, offered online by the Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, between April and August 2021, for volunteer professionals. A semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions was administered. The analysis of the 55 responses from volunteer professionals and 14 responses from individuals who received the intervention was based on the Kirkpatrick evaluation model. The results demonstrate the theoretical and practical success of the course, with a positive assessment at the reaction, learning, behavior, and results levels, emphasizing collective work and the motivation of the course speakers. The main acquired knowledge pertained to topics related to death and grief care. The behaviors resulting from the course fall within the affective-social and technical-professional domains. Regarding impact, there was a predominance of satisfaction among the individuals who received the intervention, as well as identification of changes brought about by the training.

Suicídio e luto por suicídio no Twitter: postagens sobre mortes de figuras públicas / Suicide and grief by suicide on Twitter: posts about deaths of public figures / Suicidio y duelo por suicidio en Twitter: publicaciones sobre muertes de figuras públicas

Estudo de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar temas de postagens brasileiras sobre o suicídio e o luto, relacionadas à morte de figuras públicas por suicídio. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no Twitter por meio da ferramenta busca avançada, resultando em 368 postagens elegíveis publicadas entre 2009 e 2018, e subsequente Análise Temática dos conteúdos. Os resultados foram discutidos em cinco categorias: "Reações e sentimentos expressos", "Representações das figuras públicas e riscos para comportamentos imitativos", "O luto por personagens fictícios", "A necessidade de prevenção e posvenção no Twitter" e "O luto por suicídio na Internet". O estudo produziu conhecimento sobre padrões e variações relacionadas às reações emocionais, crenças, atitudes, julgamentos, fatores de risco e protetores da cultura digital sobre suicídio, bem como a compreensão de contradições e características inusitadas e relevantes para a prevenção e posvenção do suicídio na internet

Qualitative approach study developed with the aim of analyze themes of Brazilian posts about suicide and grief related to the death of public figures by suicide. Data collection was performed on Twitter using the advanced search tool, resulting in 368 eligible posts published from 2009 to 2018. The contents of the posts were analyzed through Thematic Analysis. The results obtained were discussed through five categories: "Reactions and feelings expressed", "Representations of public figures and risks for imitative behaviors", "Grief over fictional characters", "The need of prevention and postvention on Twitter" and "Grief over suicide on the Internet". The study produced knowledge about patterns and variations related to emotional reactions, beliefs, attitudes, judgments, risks and protectives factors of the digital culture about suicide as well as the understanding of contradictions and unusual and relevant characteristics for the prevention and postvention of suicide on the Internet

Estudio de enfoque cualitativo com el objetivo de analizar temas de publicaciones brasileñas sobre suicidio y duelo relacionado con la muerte de personas famosas por suicidio. La recolección de datos se realizó en Twitter utilizando la herramienta de búsqueda avanzada, resultando en 368 publicaciones elegibles publicadas entre 2009 y 2018. Se realizo Análisis Temático de los contenidos. Los resultados se discutieron en cinco categorías: Reacciones y sentimientos expresados, Representaciones de personas famosas y riscos para conductas imitativas, El duelo por personajes de ficción, La necesidad de prevención y posvención en Twitter y El duelo por suicidio en Internet. El estudio produjo conocimiento sobre patrones y variaciones relacionados com reacciones, creencias, actitudes, juicios, factores de riesgo y protectores de la cultura digital, así como la comprensión de las contradicciones y características inusuales y relevantes para la prevención y posvención del suicidio en Internet

Expresiones de continuidad de vínculos en personas que experimentan el duelo por la muerte de un ser querido / Expressions of Continuity of Ties in People Experiencing Mourning for the Death of a Loved Being

Introducción: La continuidad de vínculos es una perspectiva del duelo reciente que ha sido estudiada para evidenciar de qué forma se expresa en las personas dolientes y su función ante la pérdida de un ser querido. Objetivo: Identificar expresiones de continuidad de vínculos en personas que experimentan duelo por la muerte de un ser querido. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión integrativa en cinco etapas, que incluyó estudios publicados en revistas de acceso abierto y texto completo, en inglés, español o portugués, de 1997 a 2021. Excluyó información contenida en libros, tesis, editoriales u opiniones, y estudios desvinculados a la muerte de una persona. La pregunta de investigación utilizó el acrónimo PICo. Se ejecutó una estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, y Web of Sciences durante el 2022. Se identificaron 303 documentos. La muestra final fue de 28 artículos, que se evaluaron con las herramientas de evaluación crítica propuestas por JBI, se redujeron y se analizaron por el método comparativo constante. Conclusiones: Las expresiones de continuidad de vínculos son lazos referentes a la persona fallecida, que podrían manifestarse por pensamientos y sentimientos, percepciones alteradas, imitación, negociación del estatus, experiencias paranormales o ritos sobre la muerte. Tienen distintos roles y funciones en las personas dolientes. Para la Enfermería de Salud Mental, su estudio supone una visión más amplia en el cuidado de las personas en duelo que favorece el abordaje centrado en la persona al validar la propia historia y sus significados(AU)

Introduction: The continuity of ties is a perspective of any recent grief that has been studied to show how it is expressed in grieving people and its function in the face of the loss of a loved one. Objective: To identify expressions of continuity of ties in people who experience grief over the death of a loved one. Methods: An integrative review was carried out in five stages, which included full-text studies published in open access journals, in English, Spanish or Portuguese, from 1997 to 2021. It excluded information contained in books, theses, editorials or opinions, and studies unrelated to the death of a person. The research question used the PICo acronym. A search strategy was performed in the PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Sciences databases during 2022. An amount of 303 documents were identified. The final sample was 28 articles, which were evaluated with the critical appraisal tools proposed by Joanna Briggs Institute, reduced and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Conclusions: Expressions of continuity of ties are links referring to the deceased person, which could be manifested by thoughts and feelings, altered perceptions, imitation, status negotiation, paranormal experiences or rites about death. They have different roles and functions in grieving people. For mental health nursing, its study represents a broader vision in the care of people in mourning that favors a person-centered approach by validating their own history and its meaning(AU)

Redes sociais significativas de familiares no processo de luto antecipatório no contexto dos cuidados paliativos / Significant family social networks in the anticipatory mourning process within palliative care / Les réseaux sociaux familiaux significatifs dans le processus de deuil anticipé en soins palliatifs / Redes sociales significativas en el proceso de duelo anticipatorio de los cuidadores familiares, en el contexto de los cuidados paliativos

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo qualitativo foi caracterizar a estrutura e as funções das redes sociais significativas no processo de luto antecipatório de familiares cuidadores no contexto dos cuidados paliativos. Utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e o Mapa de Redes com 14 familiares cuidadores que estavam acompanhando pacientes em um hospital oncológico do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram organizados e analisados com base na Grounded Theory e com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti 7.5. Os resultados indicaram a prevalência de redes de tamanho médio e grande, além do predomínio dos membros da rede familiar. As principais funções desempenhadas pelos membros das redes foram de ajuda material e de serviços e apoio emocional. Este estudo evidencia a importância da visibilização das redes sociais significativas como recursos de intervenção em saúde, que promovem apoio material, cognitivo e emocional durante o processo dos cuidados paliativos, principalmente quanto à elaboração do luto antecipatório.

Abstract: This qualitative study characterizes the structure and functions of significant social networks in the anticipatory mourning process of family caregivers within palliative care. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and the Map of Networks conducted with 14 family caregivers at an Oncology Hospital in southern Brazil, and then organized and analyzed by Grounded Theory using the ATLAS.ti 7.5 software. Results showed a prevalence of medium and large-sized networks, as well as the predominance of family network members. Material help and services and emotional support were the main functions performed by network members. This study highlights the importance of making meaningful social networks visible as health intervention resources that provide material, cognitive and emotional support during palliative care, especially in regards to anticipatory grief.

Résumé : Cette étude qualitative caractérise la structure et les fonctions des réseaux sociaux significatifs dans le processus de deuil anticipé des aidants familiaux dans le cadre des soins palliatifs. Les données ont été recueillies par des entretiens semi-structurés et de la carte des réseaux réalisées avec 14 aidants familiaux de patients dans un hôpital d'oncologie du sud du Brésil, puis organisées et analysées selon la théorie ancrée. Les résultats montrent une prévalence des réseaux moyens et grands, ainsi que la prédominance des membres du réseau familial. L'aide et les services matériels et le soutien émotionnel sont les principales fonctions remplies par les membres du réseau. Cette étude souligne l'importance de faire apparaître les réseaux sociaux significatifs comme des ressources d'intervention en santé qui apportent un soutien matériel, cognitif et émotionnel au cours de soins palliatifs, notamment en ce qui concerne le deuil anticipé.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio cualitativo fue caracterizar la estructura y las funciones de las redes sociales significativas en el proceso de duelo anticipatorio de los cuidadores familiares, en el contexto de los cuidados paliativos. Se utilizaron entrevista semiestructurada y Mapa de Redes con 14 cuidadores familiares de pacientes en un Hospital de Oncología del sur de Brasil. Los datos se organizaron y para su análisis se aplicó la Grounded Theory, con el uso del software ATLAS.ti 7.5. Se observó la prevalencia de redes medianas y grandes, y predominio de miembros de la red familiar. Las principales funciones desempeñadas por los integrantes de las redes fueron la ayuda material y los servicios y el apoyo emocional. Este estudio destaca la importancia de visibilizar redes sociales significativas como recursos de intervención en salud, que brindan apoyo material, cognitivo y emocional durante el proceso de cuidados paliativos, especialmente en la preparación del duelo anticipatorio.

Continuidad de vínculos en hombres que experiencian duelo por un ser querido / Continuing bonds in men grieving a loved one / Manutenção de vínculos em homens em luto por um ente querido

Objetivo: examinar la continuidad de vínculos interna y externa en hombres que experiencian duelo por un ser querido. Método: estudio correlacional, descriptivo y transversal. Muestra a conveniencia de 170 hombres dolientes. Las variables fueron mediadores del duelo, continuidad de vínculos y datos sociodemográficos. Se utilizó un cuestionario en línea compuesto por mediadores de duelo, escala de continuidad de vínculos y datos sociodemográficos. Se empleó estadística descriptiva, análisis de varianza y coeficiente de Spearman. El nivel de significancia correspondió a p<0,05. Resultados: la media de edad de los participantes fue de 36,61 años (DE=13,40), y el 80,00% tenía educación superior. Los valores medios de continuidad de vínculos interna y externa fueron 24,85 (DE=7,93) y 7,68 (DE=2,33), respectivamente. Se establecieron diferencias significativas referentes a la continuidad de vínculos interna y externa entre parentesco de la persona fallecida (p<0,001), y ninguna con la causa de muerte o con el tiempo transcurrido desde el fallecimiento. No se precisaron correlaciones significativas entre continuidad de vínculos interna/externa y mediadores del duelo. Conclusión: los hombres dolientes expresan la continuidad de vínculos interna de manera frecuente y la externa en ocasiones, con diferencias respecto a quién era la persona fallecida. La Enfermería podría diseñar estrategias específicas que fortalezcan el afrontamiento del duelo en este grupo.

Objective: to examine internalized and externalized continuing bonds in men grieving a loved one. Method: a correlational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Convenience sample comprised by 170 mourning men. The variables were mediators of mourning, continuing bonds and sociodemographic data. The instrument used was an online questionnaire comprised by mediators of mourning, a continuing bonds scale and sociodemographic data. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and Spearman's coefficient were used. The significance level adopted was p<0.05. Results: the participants' mean age was 36.61 years old (SD=13.40), and 80.00% had Higher Education. The mean values corresponding to internalized and externalized continuing bonds were 24.85 (SD=7.93) and 7.68 (SD=2.33), respectively. Significant differences were established referring to internalized and externalized continuing bonds in terms of kinship with the deceased person (p<0.001), and none with the cause of death or with the time elapsed since the event. No significant correlations were defined between internalized/externalized continuing bonds and mediators of mourning. Conclusion: grieving men express internalized and externalized continuing bonds frequently and occasionally, respectively, with differences according to who the deceased person was. The Nursing discipline might devise specific strategies that strengthen coping with grief in this population group.

Objetivo: examinar a manutenção de vínculos interna e externa em homens vivenciando o luto por um ser querido. Método: estudo correlacional, descritivo e de corte transversal. Amostra de conveniência de 170 homens em luto. As variáveis foram: mediadores do luto, manutenção de vínculos e dados sociodemográficos. Utilizou-se um questionário online composto por mediadores de luto, escala de manutenção de vínculos e dados sociodemográficos. Empregou-se estatística descritiva, análise de variância e coeficiente de Spearman. Nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: os participantes tinham uma média de idade de 36,61 anos (DP=13,40) e 80,00% tinham ensino superior. A média de manutenção interna dos vínculos foi de 24,85 (DP=7,93) e a de manutenção externa foi de 7,68 (DP=2,33). Foram estabelecidas diferenças significativas para a manutenção dos vínculos internos e externos entre os parentes do falecido (p<0,001), nenhuma com a causa da morte ou o tempo decorrido desde a morte. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre a manutenção dos vínculos internos e externos e os mediadores do luto. Conclusão: os homens em luto expressaram a manutenção interna dos vínculos com frequência e a manutenção externa dos vínculos ocasionalmente, com diferenças a respeito de quem era a pessoa falecida. A enfermagem poderia criar estratégias específicas para fortalecer o enfrentamento do luto nesse grupo.

Enfrentamento do luto pela teoria motivacional do coping: pandemia Covid-19 / Coping the grief through the motivational coping theory: Covid-19 pandemic / Enfrentar el luto a través de la teoría motivacional del coping: pandemia Covid-19

A COVID-19 tem sido considerada uma crise epidemiológica e psicológica. Ao deparar-se com inúmeras perdas, o luto acontece e seu enfrentamento se faz necessário. Assim, objetivou-se analisar o coping, ou seja, o processo de enfrentamento diante do estressor (morte) durante a construção do luto para os participantes. Aplicou-se um questionário online, tendo 111 participantes, acima de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos. A maioria dos participantes utiliza coping mal adaptativo, sendo desamparo, fuga e isolamento as famílias de coping mais usadas. Mulheres, pessoas mais velhas, com maior escolaridade e melhores condições socioeconômicas apresentam coping mais adaptativo. O luto simbólico pela perda da saúde, emprego e estudos no período da pandemia esteve mais associado ao coping mal adaptativo. Percebe-se a importância da atuação de psicólogos para orientação de formas adaptativas de coping para lidar com o luto durante a pandemia.(AU)

The COVID-19 has been considered an epidemiological and psychological crisis. When faced with a lot of losses, the grief happens, and it is necessary to cope with this. Thus, the aim was to analyze the coping, that is, the coping process in the face of the stressor (death) during the construction of grief for the participants. An online questionnaire was applied, with 111 participants, over 18 years old, and both sexes. Most participants use maladaptive coping, with helplessness, escape and social isolation being the most used coping families. Women, older people, with higher education and better socioeconomic conditions have more adaptive coping. The symbolic grief for the loss of health, employment and studies during the pandemic period was more associated with maladaptive coping. Psychologists are instrumental in guiding adaptive forms of coping with grief during the pandemic.(AU)

COVID-19 se ha considerado una crisis epidemiológica y psicológica. Cuando se enfrentan a innumerables pérdidas, se produce el luto y es necesario afrontarlo. Así, el objetivo fue analizar el enfrentamiento, es decir, el proceso de enfrentamiento del estresante (muerte) durante la construcción del luto de los participantes. Se aplicó un cuestionario online, con 111 participantes, mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos. La mayoría de los participantes utilizan un enfrentamiento poco adaptativo, siendo la impotencia, el escape y el aislamiento las familias de enfrentamiento más utilizadas. Las mujeres, las personas mayores, con educación superior y mejores condiciones socioeconómicas tienen un enfrentamiento más adaptativo. El duelo simbólico por la pérdida de la salud, el empleo y los estudios durante el período de la pandemia estuvo más asociado con un enfrentamiento deficiente. Está claro que los psicólogos son fundamentales para orientar formas adaptativas de enfrentamiento para lidiar con dolor durante la pandemia.(AU)

Semiología de la Migración

Introducción: El fenómeno de la migración genera una serie de experiencias en el ser humano que se traducen en emociones, sentimientos, procesos de adaptación, duelos y procesos psicopatológicos, hasta expresiones patológicas representadas por cuadros clínicos de diferente índole. Objetivo: La intención de este artículo es realizar una reflexión conceptual y clínica de la semiología en torno al concepto y la experiencia de la migración, para con ello ilustrar la complejidad que entraría como fenómeno humano. Método: Revisión narrativa reducida, circunscrita y restringida a los aspectos semiológicos, psicopatológicos y clínicos de la migración. Discusión: La separación, las rupturas y las pérdidas que se derivan de la migración no pasan inadvertidas al individuo, se inscriben en su corporalidad como lesiones fisiológicas que afectan a su vida y como lesiones simbólicas que afectan a su existencia. Conclusiones: La migración supone una ruptura de la totalidad del ser. El contexto, el otro y las relaciones quedan cercenados de la unidad total que es el individuo, como si perdiera la mitad de sí mismo.

Introduction: The phenomenon of migration generates a series of experiences in the human being that are translated into emotions, feelings, adaptation processes, grief and psycho-pathological processes, and even pathological expressions, represented by clinical pictures of different kinds. Objective: The purpose of this article is to carry out a conceptual and clinical reflection on the semiology around the concept and experience of migration, in order to illustrate the complexity that it entails as a human phenomenon. Methods: A reduced narrative review, circumscribed and restricted to the semiological, psychopathological and clinical aspects of migration. Discussion: The separation, ruptures and losses that derive from migration do not go unnoticed by the individual. They are inscribed in his/her corporality as physiological injuries that affect his/her life and as symbolic injuries that affect his/her existence. Conclusions: Migration supposes a rupture of the totality of being. The context, the perception of others and relationships are cut off from the total unity that is the individual, as if he/she lost half of him/herself.

Una mujer fantástica. Música, duelo y diversidad: la subjetividad trans a través de arias operísticas y canciones populares / Music, Grief and Diversity Trans Subjectivity Through Operatic Arias and Popular Songs

Se propone una lectura del film Una mujer fantástica (Sebastián Lelio, 2017) desde la perspectiva de la ética contemporánea, analizando cuestiones relativas a los derechos humanos y a los principios universales que los mismos aspiran a salvaguardar. El artículo se centra en aspectos relativos a la diversidad de género y a la vulnerabilidad de derechos de las personas trans, poniendo el eje en torno al derecho a la sepultura en su articulación con el trabajo simbólico de duelo. Dichas temáticas son abordadas a partir de distintas entradas musicales presentes en el film, cuya eficacia en el marco de la narrativa radica en su función de soporte ante distintas operatorias éticas y transformaciones en torno a la subjetividad de los personajes

A reading of the film A Fantastic Woman (Sebastián Lelio, 2017) is proposed from the perspective of contemporary ethics, analyzing issues related to human rights and the universal principles that they aspire to safeguard. The article focuses on aspects related to gender diversity and the vulnerability of the rights of trans people, focusing on the right to burial in its articulation with the symbolic work of grief. These themes are approached from different musical inputs present in the film, whose effectiveness within the framework of the narrative lies in its function of support to different ethical operations and transformations around the subjectivity of the characters

O Processo de Luto em Familiares de Vítimas da Covid-19 / The Grief Process in Relatives of COVID-19 Victims / El Proceso de Duelo en Familiares de Víctimas de la COVID-19

A perda de um familiar devido à COVID-19 envolve particularidades, como a impossibilidade de despedidas e rituais funerários adequados em virtude das medidas sanitárias propostas ao longo dos anos de 2020 e 2021. A supressão dos rituais de despedida acarreta no enlutado sofrimento psicológico que pode dificultar o processo de luto. Desta maneira, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o processo de luto de pessoas que perderam familiares por ação da COVID-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo de metodologia qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis familiares de vítimas da COVID-19 de 1º ou 2º grau de parentesco, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos e tempo mínimo de perda de seis meses. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio do procedimento de análise de conteúdo. Observou-se que aspectos como a impossibilidade de acompanhar seus familiares durante a internação, não conseguir realizar rituais fúnebres para a despedida do familiar e o negacionismo social da pandemia, foram fatores que podem dificultar o processo de elaboração do luto em tempos de pandemia. Portanto, é necessário pensar em medidas de cuidado, políticas públicas e formas de assistência para essa população.

The loss of a family member due to COVID-19 involves particularities, such as the impossibility of farewells and proper funeral rituals due to the sanitary measures proposed throughout the years 2020 and 2021. The suppression of farewell rituals can cause psychological suffering in the bereaved, which can hinder the grieving process. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the grieving process of people who lost family members due to COVID-19. This is a qualitative methodology field research. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six family members of COVID-19 victims of the 1st or 2nd degree of kinship, age 18 or older, of both sexes, and with a minimum loss time of six months. Data analysis was performed using content analysis procedure. It was observed that aspects such as the impossibility of accompanying their family members during hospitalization, not being able to perform funeral rituals to say goodbye to the family member, and social denial of the pandemic, were factors that can hinder the process of elaborating grief in pandemic times. Therefore, it is necessary to think about measures of care, public policies, and forms of assistance for this population.

La pérdida de un familiar debido a COVID-19 implica particularidades, como la imposibilidad de despedidas y ritos funerarios adecuados debido a las medidas sanitarias propuestas a lo largo de los años 2020 y 2021. La supresión de los ritos de despedida conlleva al enlutado sufrimiento psicológico que puede dificultar el proceso de duelo. De esta manera, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el proceso de duelo de personas que perdieron familiares por acción de COVID-19. Se trata de una investigación de campo de metodología cualitativa. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con seis familiares de víctimas de COVID-19 de primer o segundo grado de parentesco, con edad igual o superior a 18 años, de ambos sexos y tiempo mínimo de pérdida de seis meses. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el procedimiento de análisis de contenido. Se observó que aspectos como la imposibilidad de acompañar a sus familiares durante la internación, no poder realizar ritos fúnebres para la despedida del familiar y el negacionismo social de la pandemia, fueron factores que pueden dificultar el proceso de elaboración del duelo en tiempos de pandemia. Por lo tanto, es necesario pensar en medidas de cuidado, políticas públicas y formas de asistencia para esta población.

Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief / Tratamiento del trastorno de duelo prolongado: Una aproximación al duelo en tiempos de COVID-19

Abstract Background It has been estimated that COVID-19 grief will affect approximately sixteen million people worldwide, while the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) could rise to 40%. Objective To review treatments that can be administered to patients with PGD due to COVID-19. Method PUBMED and Google Scholar were searched with the following keywords: prolonged grief disorder, complicated grief, grief and psychotherapy, and treatment of prolonged grief, complicated grief or persistent complex grief. Results Fifty articles were reviewed on the efficacy of interpersonal therapy, rational emotional-behavioral therapy, supportive therapy, humanistic therapy, systemic family therapy, group therapy, writing therapy, Internet-based intervention, and a modality of cognitive behavioral therapy used with prolonged grief, metacognitive therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. Discussion and conclusion There is no consensus on the psychotherapeutic treatment of choice for people with PGD due to the loss of a family member to COVID-19. Group therapy is effective in reducing the intensity of uncomplicated grief, cognitive-behavioral therapy is highly efficacious in reducing the severity of grief, metacognitive therapy specifically designed for PGD has a positive impact on depression, anxiety, stress, rumination, and quality of life while Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is helpful for restoring spirituality. Psychotherapy is most effective when combined with drug therapy. It is suggested that comparative studies be undertaken of psychotherapeutic techniques for managing patients with PGD associated with COVID-19 and the adaptation of these techniques to virtual settings.

Resumen Antecedentes Se estima que el duelo secundario a COVID-19 dejará cerca de 16 millones de personas afectadas mundialmente, y la prevalencia del Trastorno de Duelo Prolongado (TDP) pudiera incrementarse al 40%. Objetivo Revisar los tratamientos susceptibles de aplicar en pacientes con TDP por COVID-19. Método Se realizó la búsqueda en PUBMED y Scholar google con las palabras clave trastorno de duelo prolongado, duelo complicado, duelo y psicoterapia y tratamiento del duelo prolongado o complicado o complejo persistente. Resultados Se revisaron 50 artículos, se refirió la eficacia de la terapia interpersonal, la terapia racional emotiva del comportamiento, la terapia de apoyo, la terapia humanista, la terapia familiar sistémica, la terapia grupal, la terapia de escritura, la intervención basada en internet, y una modalidad de terapia cognitivo conductual aplicada al duelo prolongado, la terapia metacognitiva y la terapia de aceptación y compromiso. Discusión y conclusión No hay consenso sobre el uso preferencial de tratamientos psicoterapéuticos en personas con TDP por la pérdida de una familiar por COVID-19. La terapia grupal es efectiva en disminuir la intensidad del duelo no complicado, la terapia cognitivo conductual es altamente efectiva para disminuir la gravedad del duelo, la Terapia Metacognitiva diseñada específicamente para el TDP impacta positivamente en la depresión, ansiedad y calidad de vida; y la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso es útil en el restablecimiento de la espiritualidad. La psicoterapia es más eficaz cuando se combina con terapia farmacológica. Se sugiere la realización de estudios comparativos entre técnicas psicoterapéuticas para el manejo de pacientes con TDP asociado a COVID-19 y la adaptación de estas técnicas a ambientes virtuales.

Chronic grief experiences of nurses caring for the end?stage cancer patients: A mixed?method research

Background: Caring patients with terminal illness is one of the most challenging and difficult experiences encountered by nurses. Though they face immense grief while preparing these patients and their families to accept the illness, the grief experienced by the nurse is reported to be an insignificant entity due to their professional role and commitment to duty. On the other hand, ignoring this caring relationship can foster emotional burden and physical exhaustion among nurses leading to ineffective quality care. The present study aimed to capture the chronic grief experiences and the coping strategies of nurses caring for patients with advanced cancers. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-method design was adopted for the study. From September 2016 till March 2017, 50 nurses from three oncology care hospitals in Mangalore were selected using purposive sampling (homogeneous sampling). Modified grief experience inventory followed with in-depth interviews with the oncology nurses to identify their grief, work-related challenges, bereavement, and coping strategies was carried out. Quantitative analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16. Interviews were analyzed using Colaizzi抯 method of qualitative analysis, and a meta-matrix was developed to merge the results. Results: The mean numbers of nurses who experienced moderate level of grief are 83.24 (standard deviation: � 17.4, range: 51-125). Six themes emerged from the interviews were grief over circumstances, sense of powerlessness, physical and emotional exhaustion, engaging in self-controlling behaviors, self-nurturance, and compassion satisfaction. Conclusion: Nurses face unique challenges while caring for patients with end-stage cancer, but timely debriefing strategies could be further explored to improve these experiences and improve nurse抯 efficiency in providing quality care to these patients.

Finitude no início da vida: atuação da Psicologia na UTI Neonatal / Finitude at the beginning of life: the role of Psychology in Neonatal ICU / Finitud en el inicio de la vida: actuación de los profesionales de Psicología en las UCI Neonatales

INTRODUÇÃO: Os cuidados paliativos neonatais estão presentes nas Unidades de Terapia Intensivas Neonatais (UTINs) como uma estratégia para garantir a qualidade de vida de bebês recém-nascidos, com uma doença que ameace a vida, e o cuidado dos familiares que os acompanham durante o internamento. OBJETIVO: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender a atuação das profissionais da Psicologia no âmbito dos cuidados paliativos neonatais. METODOLOGIA: A pesquisa utilizou o método clínicoqualitativo e foi realizada a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis psicólogas atuantes em UTIs neonatais paranaenses. RESULTADOS: Para as participantes, a Psicologia, como área constituinte da equipe multiprofissional, atua na mediação entre equipe e família, no acolhimento dos familiares e na ressignificação do processo de morte. Além das dificuldades no processo de trabalho nesse espaço. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Evidenciou-se que, para as participantes, os cuidados paliativos são essenciais durante todo o processo de internamento dos bebês nas UTIs neonatais. Dessa forma, consideraram que o cenário foi permeado de muito afeto, carinho e cuidado, mesmo sendo atravessado por diversos desafios.

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal palliative care is present in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) as a way to ensure life quality and care for newborn babies, who suffer from life-threatening illnesses, and to care for the family members who accompany them during hospitalization. OBJECTIVE: This research aims to analyze the performance of Psychology professionals in the context of neonatal palliative care. METHODOLOGY: This study used the framework of Qualitative clinical research and it carried out semistructured interviews with six professionals working in the neonatal context in the State of Paraná. RESULTS: For the participants, Psychology, as an integral part of the multidisciplinary team, acts in the mediation between the team and the family. It plays an important role in the reception of family members and in contextualizing the death process. In addition to the challenges in the work process. CLOSING REMARKS: It was evident that palliative care is essential for the participants throughout the hospitalization process in NICUs. Thus, they considered that scenario was permeated with a lot of affection, endearment and care, despite facing several challenges.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cuidados paliativos de recién nacidos están presentes en las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatales (UCIN) como una estrategia para garantizar la calidad de vida y el cuidado de bebés recién nacidos, con una enfermedad que amenace la vida, y de los familiares que acompañan durante el internamiento. OBJETIVO: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo entender la actuación de los profesionales de Psicología en ámbito de los cuidados paliativos neonatales. METODOLOGÍA: La investigación ha utilizado la metodología clínico cualitativa y fue realizada a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas con seis psicólogos actuantes en el contexto neonatal paranaense. RESULTADOS: Para las participantes la Psicología, como área constituyente del equipo multiprofesional, actúa en la mediación entre equipo y familia, en el acogimiento de los familiares y en la resignificación del proceso de muerte. Además de ser atravesada por diversas dificultades enfrentadas durante esa actuación. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Se ha evidenciado que, para las participantes, los cuidados paliativos son esenciales durante todo el proceso de internamiento de bebés en las UCIN. Así, han considerado que ese escenario fue permeado de mucho afecto, cariño y cuidado, aun siendo seguido de muchos desafíos.