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The significance of this research extends beyond the mere extraction and purification of allicin, encompassing its potential applications across diverse industries. Allicin exhibits a plethora of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal properties. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of thiol-containing enzymes in microorganisms, rendering it effective against a wide array of pathogens. Moreover, allicin has demonstrated promising anticancer properties, eliciting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation in various cancer cell lines. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects underscore its potential therapeutic utility in mitigating cardiovascular diseases and other inflammatory conditions. This study presents a novel method for extracting and purifying allicin from raw garlic cloves. Dry ice ensures the ethanol to reach its cryo temperature (hilled to sub-zero temperatures ranging from -40癈 to -80癈). The process involves the use of ethanol, dry ice and ascorbic acid as solvents, vacuum stirring, and subsequent crystallization. The final product, a hygroscopic powder, was analyzed using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) to determine allicin content. The extraction yielded 5 grams of whitish hygroscopic powder from 21 grams of crude extract, with an allicin content of 5%. Chromatographic conditions included a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water: Formic acid (30:8:2) and derivatization with ninhydrin, with detection under UV light at 366 nm. This method provides an efficient way to isolate and purify allicin for various applications.
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ObjectiveThe glycosidic linkage structural characteristics of polysaccharides from Pinelliae Rhizoma（PR） and its processed products were analyzed by sugar spectrum， high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC）， fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate gel electrophoresis（PACE） based on partial acid hydrolysis and specific glycosidase hydrolysis， and the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides before and after hydrolysis（enzymolysis） were compared. MethodPolysaccharides from PR and its processed products were extracted by ultrasound extraction， starch was hydrolyzed by α-amylase， and small molecules below 3 kDa were removed by ultrafiltration. The purified polysaccharides were prepared by hydrolysis of acid and five different specific glycosidases， and the hydrolysates were analyzed by HPTLC and PACE. The antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides was analyzed by 2，2′-azino-bis（3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid）（ABTS） and 2，2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） free radical scavenging experiment before and after different hydrolysis. ResultThrough HPTLC and PACE analysis， it was found that polysaccharides from PR and its processed products could be hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase， β-mannase， cellulase and pectinase， but hardly hydrolyzed by glucanase， indicating that the polysaccharides contained β-galactopyranoside bond， β-1，4-mannoside bond， β-1，4-glucoside bond and α-1，4-galacturonic acid glycosidic bond. In vitro antioxidant experiments showed that the ABTS radical scavenging capacity of the polysaccharides from PR and its processed products was weakened after acid hydrolysis and pectinase enzymatic hydrolysis， while the ABTS radical scavenging capacity was enhanced after enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase， β-galactosidase， and β-mannase. And after different hydrolysis， the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of polysaccharides from PR and its processed products was all significantly enhanced. ConclusionThe glycosidic linkage structural characteristics of polysaccharides from PR and its processed products was analyzed by sugar spectrum in this paper， and the relationship between glycosidic bond types and their antioxidant activity was clarified through in vitro antioxidant experiments， which is beneficial for further elucidating the material basis of the related efficacy of PR and its processed products， and providing new ideas and methods for analyzing the structural characteristics of polysaccharides in Chinese medicines.
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Objective To analyze the quality of 22 batches of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus Formula Granules from 12 different manufacturers by using water-extraction reference substance of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus(ZBM ERS ST)and water-extraction reference substance of Fritillariae hupehensis bulbus(HBBM ERS ST)as references.Methods Ethyl acetate-methanol-triethylamine-water(17∶1∶1∶0.5)was used as the developing solvent for high-performance thin-layer chromatography(HPTLC)fingerprint analysis.The high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprint analysis was performed on a Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)with the gradient mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.03%diethylamine solution.The column temperature was set at 25℃and evaporative light-scattering detector was used.The determination was conducted according to standard test method for measurement of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus Formula Granules(Guangdong PFKL00117).Results The results of HPTLC and HPLC analysis showed that there are significant differences among the 22 batches of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus Formula Granules.There were 4 batches of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus Formula Granules from 3 manufacturers among them showed fingerprint characteristics of Fritillariae hupehensis bulbus.The total amount of peimine and peiminine in the remaining 18 batches of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus Formula Granules was 0.291-3.179 mg·g-1,which were quite different.Conclusion Currently,the quality of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus Formula Granules on the market varies greatly.Standardized water-extract reference substance has better applicability for the analysis of the quality of Fritillariae thunbergii bulbus Formula Granules than the control medicinal materials.
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Objective: The aim of current research work was to investigate degradation behavior of Pimavanserin tartrate upon exposure to stress conditions recommended by ICH Q1A (R2) and Q1B guidelines.Methods: Chromatographic separation was achieved on Merck’s TLC aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel G 60 F254 as stationary phase and Methanol: Chloroform (2:8 v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometry scanning was carried out at 224 nm.Results: The retardation factor (Rf) was observed to be 0.56±0.02. Pimavanserin tartrate showed degradation in all stress conditions, but no degradation product was found in any stress condition. Peak purity was found to be 0.999 indicating no interference by degradation products to drug peak. The developed HPTLC method was successfully validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. Method was found to be linear within the range of 400-2000 ng/band with correlation coefficient R2= 0.9982. % RSD for intra-day and inter-day precision were found to be 1.35 and 1.78 % and % recovery was found to be in range 98-102 %. LOD and LOQ were found to be 17.58 ng/band and 53.27 ng/band respectively.Conclusion: A simple, economic stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatography method has been developed and validated for Pimavanserin tartrate. It is used for the treatment of delusions and hallucinations in Parkinson’s disease.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate an HPTLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Lamivudine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and doravirine. The method is aimed to provide reliable and efficient quantification of these drugs.Methods: The chromatographic separation of drugs was performed on aluminum plates coated with silica gel 60 F254. Samples were spotted on the plate as a 6 mm wide band using a linomat applicator and a 100 µl syringe. The mobile phase used was a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol, and chloroform (07:02:01 % v/v/v). Densitometric scanning at 226 nm was conducted using a Deuterium lamp as the radiation source, and the data were analyzed using win CATS software. The method was validated following the ICH Guideline ICH Q2 (R1).Results: The optimized method lead to the resolution of drugs with the Rf values of doravirine (0.75±0.02), Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (0.57±0.02), and lamivudine (0.37±0.02). Doravirine exhibited a linear range of 500-1500 ng/band with a favorable linear equation and regression coefficient of 0.999. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine showed a linear range of 1500-4500 ng/band, and both compounds displayed a linear relationship with a regression coefficient of 0.997. The method's accuracy was assessed through recovery studies, and the LOD and LOQ were determined for each drug.Conclusion: The optimized HPTLC method was validated in this study, following the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, it demonstrates its efficacy for the quantitative analysis of Doravirine, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and lamivudine. The method offers reliable quantification of these compounds in a combined dosage form and can be used for routine analysis in pharmaceuticals.
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Eclipta alba (Asteraceae Family) is a widely recognised medicinal plant found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is one of the plants that is most frequently utilised in traditional medical systems including Ayurveda, Sidha, homoeopathic, Unani, Chinese, and folk medicine. Many significant phytochemical components, including triterpenes, flavonoids, coumestans, steroids, saponins and polypeptides, are present in each portion of this medicinal plant. Several herbal and Ayurvedic formulations, like Indulekha Bringha oil and Liv.52 Gnx pill, contain Eclipta alba as a important therapeutic ingredient. The objective of the current work was to create a validated and consistent HPTLC technique for the simultaneous measurement of linoleic acid (LA) and oleanolic acid (OA) in E. alba. The procedure used Silica Gel 60 F254 as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate, toluene, and formic acid at a ratio of (4:7:0.2 v/v/v) as the mobile phase, which produced compact bands upon derivatization with anisaldehyde sulfuric acid. The correlation coefficient (r2) for the linear regression data for the standard linoleic and oleanolic acid calibration curves was 0.9966 and 0.9964, respectively, and it demonstrated a good linear relation over range of concentrations of 300-1500 ng/spot and 450-1600 ng/spot with respect to the area. Precision, accuracy, robustness, and selectivity of the approach were all assessed. LOD and LOQ for LA and OA, respectively, were measured to be 108.47 and 182.33 ng/spot and 258.30 and 327.54 ng/spot. We came to the conclusion that this approach, which uses HPTLC to quantify LA and OA, is effective, straightforward, accurate, and reproducible.
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Objective: Simple, rapid RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods have been developed in order to study the degradation of Roxadustat under various stress conditions. The Kinetics of hydrolytic degradation is studied.Methods: Optimum separation of Roxadustat and its degradation products was achieved using the following conditions in HPLC, Agilent eclipse XDB-C8 (150×4.6 mm) column, the mobile phase was composed of methanol: phosphate buffer (pH 5, 0.05 M) (70:30 v/v) with UV detection at 262 nm. The flow rate was at 1.0 ml/min. The RT was 4.6±0.02 min. HPTLC work for Roxadustat was performed on Aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254, (10 cm × 10 cm with 250 ?m layer thickness). The mobile phase was composed of Toulene: Ethyl Acetate: Glacial acetic acid (5:5:0.5 v/v/v) and then scanned. The system was found to give a compact spot for Roxadustat (Rf value of 0.58±0.02).Results: In HPLC the calibration curves plotted were found to be linear over the concentration range of 2.5-25?g/ml, with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.9994. In HPTLC the calibration curves plotted were found to be linear over the concentration range of 500-2500 ng/band, with a regression coefficient of R2=0.9957. The analytical performance of the proposed methods was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The degradant peaks were well resolved from the Roxadustat peak. Significant degradation was observed in acid hydrolysis, alkali hydrolysis, and oxidative degradation. The drug is relatively stable towards photolysis, neutral hydrolysis, and thermal conditions.Conclusion: In the current work, simple RP-HPLC and HPTLC analytical methods for the determination of Roxadustat in the presence of its degradation products have been developed. The information presented herein could be very useful while developing formulation procedures to prevent hydrolytic degradation. It can be used as a routine quality control test.
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Background: To develop the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) finger print profile of hydroalcoholic and ethylalcohol extracts of seeds of Tudri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri). Methods: Chromatographic technique was used for separation of components from hydroalcoholic and ethylalcohol extracts of seeds and HPTLC was carried out using CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V applicator, and WinCATS software. Results: HPTLC profiling of the extract confirm the presence of various phytochemicals. At 640 nm HPTLC finger print of hydroalcoholic extract revealed 16 components with Rf=0.05-0.94 while ethylalcohol extracts revealed 19 components peaks with Rf=0.07 to 0.96. Well separated and compact greenish, yellow and pink bands were visualized using anisaldehyde sulphuric acid reagent. Conclusions: We conclude that HPTLC fingerprint profiling of seed extracts of Tudri Surkh (Cheiranthus cheiri) revels presence of various compounds and can be utilized as a marker for standardization and proper identification of the plant material to be used for preparation of traditional drugs.
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ObjectiveThe therapeutic effect of polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium on Alzheimer's disease（AD） was evaluated through establishing a mouse model of AD， and the structural characteristics of the polysaccharides was analyzed by sugar spectrum. MethodThe AD model of mice with rapid aging was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose combined with gavage of aluminum trichloride， and the learning and memory ability of mice was evaluated by Morris water maze test， the histopathological status of brain and neuronal damage were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining and Nissl staining. After hydrolysis of polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium with acid and different glycosidases， the characteristics of hydrolysates were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC） and fluorescence assisted carbohydrate gel electrophoresis（PACE）. HPTLC chromatography was performed on a silica gel 60 plate with sampling volume of 5 μL， developing solvent of ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid-water（2∶2∶1）， developing twice， aniline-diphenylamine-phosphoric acid solution as chromogenic agent， and heating at 105 ℃ for 10 min， and then observed under sunlight. PACE experimental conditions were 34% separation gel and 8% concentration gel， electrophoresis buffer was 0.1 mol·L-1 tris（hydroxymethyl） aminomethane（Tris）-boric acid buffer（pH 8.2）. Electrophoresis was carried out at 0 ℃ and the loading amount was 3-6 μL. The sample ran to the front of the gel with a constant current of 15 mA， and imaged under ultraviolet 365 nm. ResultThe results of Morris water maze test showed that polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium significantly improved the learning and memory ability of AD model mice， shortened the escape latency， and significantly increased the number of crossing and the residence time in the target quadrant. The results of histopathological experiments showed that polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium could improve the pathological conditions and neuronal damage in the CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus of AD mice， and the number of Nissl corpuscles was significantly increased. The results of sugar spectrum analysis showed that the results of HPTLC and PACE analysis were basically consistent， polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium could be mainly hydrolyzed into small molecular sugars by cellulase and pectinase， indicating that they mainly contained β-1，4-glucosidic bond and α-1，4-galacturonic acid glycosidic bond， and could be slightly hydrolyzed by glucanase， β-galactosidase and β-mannase， indicating that they contained only a small amount of α-1，6-glucosidic bond， β-galactosidic bond， β-1，4-mannosidic bond. ConclusionPolysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium has obvious therapeutic effect on AD mice， and its structure mainly contains β-1，4-glucosidic bond and α-1，4-galacturonic acid glycosidic bond， which can provide a reference for the structural analysis of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides.
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Sophorae Flavescentis Radix is the dried root of Sophora flavescens Ait. and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. The two drugs are both from the same genus Sophora, having similar and different compositions and efficacies, however, their differences are not fully demonstrated in current standard. In this study, the high-performance thin-layer chromatography with multi-dimensional and multi-level features combined with electric spray mass spectrometry (HPTLC-ESI-MS) was used to discover and identify the characteristic zones in extracts of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma, after optimizing the preparation method of the test solution and chromatographic parameters. As a result, 17 main characteristic zones were found on HPTLC chromatograms of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma, among them, besides 3 known chemicals, another 12 unknown components were identified by HPTLC-ESI-MS, they are 1 alkaloid and 11 flavonoids. The identification results were verified by the reference standards partially and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra after guided-isolation. Finally, a unified HPTLC specific identification method with different markers was established to identify Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma simultaneously. Thanks to abundant chemical information provided when using diverse polarity mobile phases and derivatization reagents, the HPTLC technology offers a convenient strategy for discovery, quality evaluation, and identification of target chemicals when connecting with mass spectrometry.
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Kokilakshadi Kashaya mentioned in Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Vataraktadhikara, it is a therapeutic formulation to treat Vatarakta. It is also used by Ayurvedic practitioners for treating hyperuricemia. The symptoms of hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis are similar to Vatarakta, a disease explained in classical Ayurvedic textbooks. Kokilakshadikwatha contains Kokilaksha and Guduchi and Pippalichurna given as Anupana of this formulation Physico chemical analysis of individual drug and formulation with modern parameters increase their scope and acceptance. The study was based on standard analytical parameters proposed by API. Method: Kokilakshadi Kwatha powder was evaluated for physico chemical analysis and phyto chemical screening. The analysis was done by using the parameters like Organoleptic features, loss on drying, acid soluble extractive, water soluble extractive. Results: Analytical parameters of individual drugs were done. All analytical parameter were within limit. Analytical parameter of Kokilakshadi Kwatha Churna like loss on drying 10.4%w/w, acid insoluble ash 0.79%, alcohol soluble extractive 11.2%w/w, water soluble extractive 7.8%w/w, pH 5.78 were obtained. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) profile of Kokilakshadikwatha powder showed 13 peaks at 254nm and 14 peaks at 366nm. Preliminary phytochemical screening test revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids. Conclusion: The obtained data can be used for future comparative references
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Menopausal syndrome is a grouping of signs and symptoms associated with menopause. In Ayurveda, menopause is referred to as 'Rajonivrutti' (and menopausal syndrome as Rajonivruttianubandhaja vyadhies). Menopause's long-term risks include osteoporosis, cardiac problems, and Alzheimer's disease. Aims and objective: To study the Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and HPTLC of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita. Material and methods: Pharmacognostic, phytochemical and HPTLC of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna and Vayasthapana Ghrita have been carried out as per standard protocol. Result: Vayasthapana Gana Choorna showed the presence of mesocarp, asicular crystals, stone cells, scleroids, brown content, starch grains, colencyma cells, rhomboidal crystals, pitted vessels, parenchyma cells, simple trichome. Phytochemical parameters showed refractive index 1.3660, specific gravity 0.913, acid value 1.285, iodine value 212.1085 and in HPTLC, Methanol extract of Vayasthapana Ghrita at 254nm showed 6 spots and at 366nm 2 spots whereas in methanol extract of Vayasthapana Gana Choorna at 254nm 5 spots and in 366nm 4 spots were present. Conclusion: The applied pharmacognostic and HPTLC method has been shown to be selective, linear, precise and accurate. The method will be useful for quality control of the raw material and pharmaceutical preparations.
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Nagabala -Arjunadi Yoga, is the combination of Nagabala and Arjuna Churna mentioned in Chakradatta, Hridroga Chikitsa, is prepared by giving Bhavana of Rasonadi Kwatha. Hridroga (cardiovascular disorders) are the most common health concern of the present era. It is the leading cause of death worldwide. Ancient Samhitas contain many formulations in the context of Hridroga, whose applicability is unexplored. Churna and Kwatha are the main dosage forms used in clinical practice. But compared to Churna and Kwatha, tablets are more patient compatible in terms of palatability and possess increased shelf life. Hence, Nagabala-Arjunadi Yoga, a tablet dosage form is developed using Nagabala- Arjuna Churna and Rasonadi Kwatha. No scientific evaluation data for this drug is available to date. The present study was done to evaluate the pharmacognostical and pharmaceutical profile of Nagabala-Arjunadi Yoga. The microscopic examination of the Nagabala- Arjunadi Yoga showed the presence of rosette crystals, rhomboidal crystals, simple fibres, oil globules and stones cells. The physicochemical analysis showed that pH value, hardness, loss on drying, ash value, water extractive value and methanol extractive value was 5.8, 3.5kg/cm2, 7.949%, 3.03%, 17.43%, 16.14% respectively. The HPTLC densitograms at UV 254 nm and UV 366nm using Toluene and Ethyl acetate in the ratio 9:1 showed maximum peak height in 3rd peak corresponding to the Rf value 0.18 and 0.17 respectively. The finding observed in the present study can be used as reference for future quality control.
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Marketing of Guggulu, an exudate obtained from the plant Commiphora mukul and its preparations is a great concern of different ayurvedic pharmaceutical houses due to its adulteration, substitution and non-availability of genuine samples. Standardization of raw drugs and formulations with modern analytical tools increase their scope, acceptance and scientific validity. In the present study, an attempt was made for the physicochemical analysis of Kanchanara guggulu tablets (having Guggulu as the major ingredient) prepared as per references in Sharangadhara Samhita and Bhaishajya Ratnavali to develop an analytical profile of the formulation. The study was based on the standard analytical parameters proposed by API and PLIM. Six samples of tablets were prepared as per two references (three for each reference) which were available in market following the same manufacturing procedures. The study comprised of three stages- pharmacognosy of raw drugs, pharmaceutical work and analytical study. The analysis was done using the parameters like organoleptic evaluation, weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, ash values, extractive values, loss on drying, pH, HPTLC and microbial contamination and an analytical profile was developed as per both references.
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Aims: Hypericum perforatum L., known as “Hofarighun” is a widely used herbal drug in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM). Detection of non-relevant plants, instead of this species, in the herbal market encourages the need for the establishment of it’s chemical authentication and standardization, through implying rapid and efficient phytochemical techniques. Study Design: Twelve Hypericum samples were acquired from traditional medicine markets of different regions of Iran (Tehran, Sanandaj, Mashhad, Kerman, Bandar Abbas, Ahvaz, Yazd, Babol, Yasuj, Shiraz (Chehel Giah), Shiraz (Kazerun Gate), and Shiraz (Adloo Zerehi), based on microscopic characterization. Positive control was taken in the form of cultivated specimen of H. perforatum. Place and Duration of Study: Study was performed in Medicinal plants processing Research Center, SUMS, Shiraz in the months between February to December 2021. Methodology: Essential oil samples were injected into a gas chromatograph (GC) and compounds were identified as per the spectra obtained. Total phenol, flavonoid and HPTLC analysis of samples were also done. Results: ?-pinene was found in highest proportion in majority of samples i.e. 35.55-63.69%. However other compounds such as 1-dodecanol (10.82%), caryophyllene (15.87%) and ?-cubebene (15.14%) were also analyzed in samples and the cultivated sample respectively. Total phenol and flavonoid content among the Hypericum extracts were found to be between 50.31±3.22 to 262.76±8.12 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/g of Ext. and 13.47±1.68 to 79.26±5.78 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE)/g of Ext., respectively. Conclusion: The noticeable findings of present study can be used as a framework for authentication of Hypericum perforatum samples. The methods used were found to be feasible and efficient in detection of adultrations and may contribute to minimize the safety and efficacy concerns over the samples available in the traditional herbal pharmacies.
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OBJECTIVE To optimize the existing t hin layer chromatography （TLC）identification and content determination methods of Jizhi syrup. METHODS High performance thin-layer chromatography （HPTLC）was used to identify five medicinal materials in Jizhi syrup ，such as Ilex chinensis ，Houttuynia cordata ，Peucedanum praeruptorum ，Citrus aurantium ，Glycyrrhiza uralensis. High performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）was used to determine the contents of procatechuic acid ，ephedrine hydrochloride and naringin in Jizhi syrup. RESULTS HPTLC results showed that the identification spots of pedunculoside ， praeruptorin A ，naringin，and liquiritin were clearly displayed ，and the retention factors were in the range of 0.2 to 0.8. After validation，the method had been proved to be strongly specific ，robust and repeatable. HPLC results showed that the linear ranges of protocatechuic acid ，ephedrine hydrochloride and naringin were 4.32-431.67，1.14-114.17 and 7.02-702.33 μg/mL（all r＞ 0.996），respectively. The average recoveries were 100.61％，100.40％ and 99.22％，and RSDs were all less than 2.00％. RSDs of precision（n＝6），stability（24 h，n＝7）and repeatability （n＝6）were all less than 2.00％. The average contents of the three components in 10 batches were 623.3，152.1，1 213.9 μg/mL（RSD＜10.00％），respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this study ， HPTLC method of one-plate multi-drug is established for the identification of Jizhi syrup. One sample pretreatment method and two TLC conditions are used to realize the rapid identification of five kinds of medicinal materials. An HPLC method is established to determine the content of Jizhi syrup ，which realizes the fast quantification of three active components in Jizhi syrup ，and can be used to optimize the identification and content determination items in the existing legal quality standards of Jizhi syrup.
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A rapid and feasible method of HPTLC is standardized for quantification of anethole in essential oil’s extract and from herbal formulations of fennel seed. The developeddensitometric HPTLC method was performed to estimate the existence of anethole in the essential oil, extract and herbal formulations of fennel with the optimized concentration of hexane: Ethyl acetate (8:2%, v/v, mobile phase) on glass coated silica gel 60 F254plates (20 × 10 cm) scanned with the absorbance of λ260nm under densitometric condition. The Linearity of regressions revealed a satisfactory relationship between peak area and concentration of anethole in between the range of 100-600 ng/spot. This reliable method was validated as per the ICH guidelines to fulfill the necessary parameters such as accuracy and robustness. The amount of anethole in essential oil (0.098 ± 0.002%),extract (0.101 ± 0.004%)and three herbal formulations A (0.024 ± 0.004%), C (0.019 ± 0.002%) whileanethole is not detected in B formulations from fennel seed was completely estimated by the developed method. The standardized methods and its validation gave new insights of HPTLC based detection and quantification of anethole in other aromatic plants as well as in other pharmacological formulations
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Background: Cyclea peltata is one of the herbs mentioned in ancient scriptures of Ayurveda and is used indifferent types of Ayurvedic gritham preparations. Moreover, in traditional/tribal medicine C. peltata isused as digestive, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and to treat jaundice, digestive disorders, etc.Objective: Activity guided fractionation of C. peltata and in correlation with the levels of bioactivecompound tetrandrine.Materials and methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of total alkaloid content,preparation of different extracts of C. peltata (crude extract CP, hexane extract HCP, chloroform extractCCP, methanol extract MCP, alkaloid fraction ACP). In vitro anti-inflammatory studies using RAW264.7 cells and in vitro antioxidant assays of the different extracts of C. peltata. HPTLC estimation oftetrandrine (TET) was carried out using solvent system toluene: ethyl acetate: diethylamine (7.2: 2: 0.8)and isolation of TET from ACP.Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies of C. peltata showed the presence of alkaloid content in allextracts. Whereas, saponins, steroids and terpenoids were detected in CP and CCP. ACP and TET showedsignificant in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity when compared to other extracts. ACP andTET (100 mg/ml) treatment significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2, TNF-a in LPStreated RAW 264.7 cells. HPTLC estimation of bioactive compound tetrandrine was highest in ACP228.4 mg/mg followed by CP-29.62 mg/mg, CCP-23.46 mg/mg, MCP-18.82 mg/mg and HCP-1.25 mg/mg. TEThas been isolated from ACP.Conclusion: The results of the present in vitro assays revealed that the alkaloid fraction (ACP) is the mostactive fraction when compared to other extracts and has a positive correlation with the levels of bioactivecompound tetrandrine.
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In this research work to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity and HPTLC finger printing analysis of Physalis peruviana fruits. The chemical fingerprinting was carried out by high performance thin layer chromatography. It was carried out by the CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V sample applicator, twin through plate development chamber, TLC scanner III and integration software WIN CATS-4.02. Physalis peruviana fruit extract was tested for phytochemical screening and in vitro anti-oxidant enzymes like 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), total antioxidant activity and reducing ability. Physalis peruviana fruit extract effectively scavenged free radicals at all different concentrations and showed its potent antioxidant activity. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various major phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins and anthraquinones. The HPTLC fingerprint qualitatively revealed predominant amount of quercetin. Physalis peruviana fruit extract will be subjected to further extensive studies to isolate and identify their active constituents which are useful for understanding their mechanism of action as antioxidants.
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Alocasia indica is perennial herb growing widely and used as traditional medicine in India, China and Bangladesh. The divine herb has potent medicinal values for the treatment of different type of illnesses. The HPTLC techniques were used to separate active components from ethanolic extract of tuber part of A. indica. This examination was intended to designed a HPTLC fingerprint profile of crude extract of the plant in ethanol. A HPTLC method for the isolation of various active constituents in A. indica ethanolic extract have been developed and solvent system for quercetin the mobile phase used was toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:2:1) and for analysis of β-sitosterol the mobile phase used was chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6:4:1) . In the present investigation, HPTLC fingerprint of extract of dried tuber part of A. indica have been performed and the results demonstrated that important information for standardization. The HPTLC system for routine quality control of present species can be used for ethanolic extract and serve in qualitative, quantitative and was appropriate for standardization of the plant.