Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 21
Filter
1.
RFO UPF ; 27(1): 73-83, 08 ago. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1509385

ABSTRACT

Diversos autores desenvolveram estudos acerca da potencial associação entre a etiocarcinogênese do carcinoma espinocelular não melanocítico (CECNM) labial e o uso crônico da hidroclorotiazida (HCTZ). Objetivo: A atual revisão objetivou investigar a relação do diurético HCTZ e o risco de CECNM labial. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados LILACS, PUBMED/MEDLINE e Periódico CAPES, em que foram incluídos artigos em inglês, português e francês, publicados no período de 2017 a 2022. Foram propostos 60 documentos e, dentre esses, 30 foram selecionados para compor a amostra no estudo. Resultados: Foi evidenciada uma relação entre o uso da HCTZ e a ocorrência de CENM com relação dose cumulativa devido às alterações provocadas pelo fármaco, no entanto, em virtude da heterogeneidade de desenhos metodológicos e concentração dos estudos em populações semelhantes, existem limitações quanto à confiabilidade dessas informações. Conclusão: Identificou-se uma desproporção entre a ocorrência e relevância do CENM e a produção científica vigente, demonstrando a necessidade de estudos com metodologias padronizadas que abranjam diferentes especificidades socioeconômicas e demográficas.(AU)


Several authors have developed studies about a potential association between the etiocarcinogenesis of non-melanocytic lip squamous cell carcinoma (NMSCC) and the chronic use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the relation between the diuretic HCTZ and the risk of lip NMSCC. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the LILACS, PUBMED/MEDLINE and CAPES Periodical databases, which included articles in English, Portuguese and French, published between 2017 and 2022. Sixty documents were collected and, among these, 30 were selected to compose the sample in the study. Results: There was evidence of a relationship between the use of HCTZ and the occurrence of MSCC with a cumulative dose relationship due to changes caused by the drug, however, because of the heterogeneity of methodological designs and concentration of studies in similar populations, there are limitations regarding the reliability of this information. Conclusion: A disproportion between the occurrence and relevance of the NMSCC and the current scientific production was identified, demonstrating the need for studies with standardized methodologies that cover different demographic socioeconomic specificities.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Lip Neoplasms/chemically induced , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced , Diuretics/adverse effects , Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects , Photosensitivity Disorders/chemically induced , Risk Factors , Carcinogenesis/chemically induced
2.
J. bras. nefrol ; 43(1): 103-109, Jan.-Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1154658

ABSTRACT

Abstract Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are widely used for the management of hypercalciuria among stone-forming patients. Although the effects of different thiazides should be relatively similar in terms of prevention of stone recurrence, their potency and side effects may differ. However, there is scarce data concerning the metabolic and bone effects of these agents among recurrent nephrolithiasis patients with hypercalciuria. The aim of this update article was to compare our experience in the use of thiazide and thiazide- like diuretics with that of the current literature, concerning their anticalciuric properties and consequent reduction of recurrent stone formation. Their impact on bone mass and potential side effects were also discussed.


Resumo Diuréticos tiazídicos e tiazídicos-like são amplamente usados para o tratamento da hipercalciúria em pacientes com formação de cálculos. Embora os efeitos dos diferentes tiazídicos devam ser relativamente semelhantes em termos de prevenção da recorrência do cálculo, sua potência e efeitos colaterais podem ser diferentes. No entanto, há poucos dados sobre os efeitos metabólicos e ósseos desses agentes em pacientes com nefrolitíase recorrente com hipercalciúria. O objetivo deste artigo de atualização foi comparar nossa experiência quanto ao uso de tiazídicos e tiazídicos-like com a publicada na literatura atual, no que diz respeito às suas propriedades anticalciúricas e consequente redução da formação de cálculos recorrentes. Discutimos também seu impacto na massa óssea e potenciais efeitos colaterais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Calculi , Nephrolithiasis/drug therapy , Recurrence , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Thiazides/therapeutic use
3.
Rev Bras Hiperten ; 27(3): 103-105, 20200910.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1368070

ABSTRACT

Desenvolvidos em 1950, os diuréticos estão entre as drogas mais utilizadas no arsenal terapêutico clínico, principalmente na hipertensão arterial e nos quadros edematosos. O mecanismo de ação envolve a excreção renal de água, eletrólitos e diminuição da reabsorção de sódio em diferentes locais do néfron, com consequente aumento do sódio urinário e da água. Os diuréticos tiazídicos mais usados na prática clínica em pacientes hipertensos são: hidroclorotiazida (HCTZ), clortalidona (CTD) e indapamida (IDP). Em relação à potência anti-hipertensiva, a CTD é uma vez e meia a duas vezes mais potente que a hidroclorotiazida. HCTZ é menos potente do que qualquer outro anti-hipertensivo, incluindo inibidores da enzima de conversão da angiotensina, bloqueadores do receptor da angiotensina e antagonistas dos canais de cálcio. O IDP tem ação anti-hipertensiva devido aos seus efeitos no túbulo distal, inibindo a reabsorção do cloreto de sódio e tem efeitos mais intensos e sustentados na redução da pressão arterial. Os diuréticos tiazídicos são muito diferentes, tanto em níveis variados de redução da pressão arterial quanto em efeitos adversos, de modo que sua proteção contra danos em órgãos-alvo está relacionada ao efeito de classe


Developed in 1950, diuretics are among the most used drugs in the clinician's therapeutic arsenal, especially in arterial hypertension and edematous conditions. The mechanism of action involves the renal excretion of water, electrolytes, and decreasing the reabsorption of sodium in different locations of the nephron, with consequently an increase in urinary sodium and water. The most used thiazide diuretics in clinical practice in hypertensive patients are: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), chlortalidone (CTD) and indapamide (IDP). Regarding the antihypertensive potency, CTD is one and a half to two times more potent than hydrochlorothiazide. HCTZ is less potent than any other antihypertensives including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel antagonists. IDP has an antihypertensive action due to its effects on the distal contoured tubule, inhibiting sodium chloride reabsorption and has more intense and sustained effects in reducing blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics are very different, both in varying levels of blood pressure reduction and adverse effects, so their protection from target organ damage is related to the class effect

4.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 27(4): 262-269, jul.-ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1289224

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la equivalencia terapéutica de dos marcas comerciales de bisoprolol -hidroclorotiazida como terapia antihipertensiva. Método: Estudio prospectivo, doble ciego, doble falso, aleatorizado, de grupos paralelos, en el que se evaluó el efecto antihipertensivo de la combinación de bisoprolol-hidroclorotiazida 2,5-6,25 y 5-6,25 mg (comprimidos BHL, formulación test) y bisoprolol-hidroclorotiazida 2,5-6,25 y 5-6,25 mg tabletas (BHM, formulación de referencia), administrados en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. Variables de efectividad: Presiones arteriales medidas mediante mediante esfigmomanómetro de mercurio al inicio y después del período placebo, a las 4 y 8 semanas del inicio del tratamiento; cambios horarios de la presión arterial durante 24 horas, mediante monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial. Resultados: El control de los valores de presión arterial se logró en ambas formulaciones, principalmente a partir de la cuarta semana de tratamiento. Los pacientes del grupo test ingresaron con presiones arteriales sistólicas más elevadas. Después del tratamiento no hubo diferencias entre los grupos, a ninguno de los tiempos. La relación V/P del grupo test fue 0,5-1. Los índices de suavidad de ambos fueron mayores a 1,75. Conclusiones: La formulación test de la combinación de bisoprolol-hidroclotiazida demostró acción antihipertensiva similar al compararla con la formulación de referencia.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic equivalence of two commercial brands of bisoprolol -hydrochlorothiazide as antihypertensive therapy. Method: A prospective, double blind, double placebo, randomised, parallel group study was conducted, in which the antihypertensive effect of the bisoprolol -hydrochlorothiazide 2.5 - 6.25 mg and 5 - 6.25 mg (tablets BHL, test formula) and bisoprolol -hydrochlorothiazide 2.5 - 6.25 mg and 5 - 6.25 mg tablets (BHM, reference formula), was compared by administering it to patients with arterial hypertension given to patients with arterial hypertension. Effectivity variables: blood pressures measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer at the beginning and after the placebo period, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks from the start of the treatment; blood pressure hours change during 24 hours using an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device. Results: Control of the blood pressure values was achieved with both formulas, mainly from the fourth week of treatment. The patients of the test group were admitted with higher systolic blood pressures. After the treatment, there were no differences between the groups at any of the times. The V/P ratio of the test group was 0.5 - 1. The smoothness index in both groups was greater than 1.75 of fit of both was greater than 1.75. Conclusions: The test formula of the bisoprolol-hydrochlorothiazide demonstrated an antihypertensive action similar to that achieved with the reference formula.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Therapeutic Equivalency , Bisoprolol , Hydrochlorothiazide , Blood Pressure , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory , Hypertension
5.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 27(1): 5-12, mayo 2019. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1010977

ABSTRACT

Entre las situaciones asociadas al uso inapropiado de diuréticos se encuentran los intentos por descencer rápidamente de peso, comunes en los desordenes de la alimentación, y los intentos por enmascarar el consumo de otras sustancias, en el caso de las competencias deportivas. El uso sin indicación ni supervisión médica de estos fármacos genera un desbalance electrolítico, que puede manifestarse con hiponatremia, hipocalemia, hipocalcemia e hipomagnesemia, hipercalemia, entre otras alteraciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar las caracteríscas del uso inapropiado de diuréticos a partir de la casuística del CENATOXA. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo restrospectivo sobre los análisis ingresados al CENATOXA con solicitud de investigación cualitativa de diuréticos en orina, entre los años 2002 y 2016. En dicho período ingresaron al CENATOXA 138 casos, de los cuales el 56 % resultó positivo para algún diurético. Del total de casos con resultado positivo, el 93,5 % fueron mujeres entre 25 y 55 años de edad y predominó la etiología intencional. Los diuréticos mayoritariamente encontrados fueron hidroclorotiazida y furosemida. El perfil de diuréticos hasta el año 2008 (hidroclorotiazida = 68% de los casos positivos) se diferenció del hallado entre 2009 y 2016 (furosemida + hidroclorotiazida = 60% de los casos positivos). Se observó recurrencia en el uso inapropiado en el 8% de los casos. El uso simultáneo de más de un diurético y la recurrencia son factores que pueden contribuir a la aparición de toxicidad. Estos resultados sugieren que el uso inapropiado de diuréticos es una situación que debería ser ob­servada más atentamente para establecer mejor su alcance y sus riesgos.


Among the situations associated with diuretics misuse are the attempts to lose weight fast, frequently observed in eating disorders, and the attempts to mask the consumption of other substances, in the case of sports competitions. The use of these drugs with no medical indication or supervision generates an electrolyte imbalance, leading to hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, hyperkalemia, among other alterations. The objective of this work was to investigate the characteristics of diuretics misuse from the CENATOXA database, where the qualitative investigation of diuretics in urine is per­formed. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on the cases admitted to the CENATOXA with a request for qualitative diuretic investigation, between 2002 and 2016. During this period, 138 urine samples were received at the CENATOXA and 56% were positive for at least one diuretic. Of all cases with positive results, 93.5% were women between 25 and 55 years of age, and intentional etiology predominated. The most detected diuretics were hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide. The diuretic misuse pattern detected up to 2008 (hydrochlorothiazide = 68% of positive cases) differed from that detected between 2009 and 2016 (furosemide + hydrochlorothiazide = 60% of positive cases). Recurrence in misuse was observed in 8% of the cases. The simul­taneous misuse of more than one diuretic and the recurrence are factors that can contribute to the onset of toxicity. These results suggest that diuretic misuse is a situation that should be observed more closely to better assess its consequences and its risks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diuretics/adverse effects , Diuretics/urine , Hypocalcemia/chemically induced , Hypocalcemia/urine , Argentina/epidemiology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/urine , Retrospective Studies , Diuretics/toxicity , Drug Misuse , Furosemide/adverse effects , Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects
6.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2019. 98 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1048832

ABSTRACT

Hidroclorothiazida (HTZ) e valsartana (VAL) são fármacos pouco solúveis em meio aquoso e pertencem às classes IV e II do Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutica (SCB), respectivamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um método para avaliar o perfil de dissolução de formas farmacêuticas sólidas de dose fixa combinada contendo HTZ (12,5 mg) e VAL (160 mg) usando ferramentas in silico para avaliar os perfis de dissolução de produtos comercializados no Brasil e Peru. O presente trabalho foi dividido em 4 capítulos. No Capítulo I, foi determinada a solubilidade da HTZ e VAL pelo método shake-flask e potenciométrico, no qual foi possível demonstrar que existe correlação entre ambos os métodos e que HTZ e VAL são solúveis em tampão fosfato pH 6,8. No Capítulo II, um método cromatográfico em HPLC foi desenvolvido com base em Quality by Design (QbD), com auxílio do software Fusion®, no qual foi estabelecido uma zona de confiança dos parâmetros, que garantiu a robustez do método. O Capítulo III descreve o desenvolvimento de um método de dissolução utilizando ferramenta in silico (DDDplus®) na qual foi definido um delineamento experimental do tipo fatorial completo 33 usando como fatores a formulação, utilização de âncora e velocidade de agitação. Para os ensaios de dissolução in vitro, foi proposto um outro delineamento fatorial 3(3-1) com o intuito de obter as constantes de calibração das simulações in silico. Através de uma análise estatística das eficiências de dissolução obtidas nas simulações, foram avaliados os efeitos e as interações entre os fatores. Assim, as condições finais do método de dissolução estabelecidas foram: 900 mL de tampão fosfato pH 6,8 como meio de dissolução, 75 rpm de velocidade de agitação, e utilização de âncora para evitar a flutuação das formulações. O método desenvolvido foi empregado, no contexto do Capítulo IV, para avaliar o perfil de dissolução dos produtos contendo HTZ e VAL comercializados no Brasil e no Peru. Por análise multivariada, a eficiência de dissolução (ED), tempo médio de dissolução (MDT) e as porcentagens de dissolução de 5 até 60 minutos foram utilizadas para agrupar as formulações em grupos distintos. Embora os perfis de dissolução mostrem similaridade entre todas as formulações avaliadas, o produto referência se destacou por apresentar uma maior ED comparado com as outras formulações, devido à maior liberação nos primeiros 5 minutos de ensaio. Concluiu-se que o método proposto, além de garantir a liberação total de HTZ e VAL a partir das formulações, possui adequado poder discriminativo


Hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) and valsartan (VAL) are poorly soluble drugs in aqueous medium and belong to classes IV and II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), respectively. The objective of this study was to develop a dissolution method to evaluate the dissolution profile of solid pharmaceutical forms of combined dose containing HTZ (12.5 mg) and VAL (160 mg) using in silico tools to evaluate the dissolution profiles of products sold in Brazil and Peru. The present study was divided into four chapters. In Chapter I, the HTZ and VAL solubility were determined by the shake-flask and potentiometric methods, in which it was possible to demonstrate that there is a correlation between both methods and that HTZ and VAL are soluble in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer. In Chapter II, a chromatographic method in HPLC was developed based on Quality by Design (QbD), using the Fusion® software, in which a zone of confidence of the parameters was established, which ensured the robustness of the method. Chapter III presents the development of a dissolution method using in silico (DDDplusTM) as a tool, in which an experimental design of the complete factorial type 33 was defined using as factors: the formulation, use of sinker and agitation speed. For in vitro dissolution assays, another factor design 3(3-1) was proposed to obtain the calibration constants of the in silico simulations. Through a statistical analysis of the dissolution efficiencies obtained in the simulations, the effects and interactions between the factors were evaluated. Thus, the final conditions of the dissolution method established were: 900 mL of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer as a dissolution medium, 75 rpm of stirring speed, and use of sinker to avoid the fluctuation of the formulations. The method developed was used, in the context of Chapter IV, to evaluate the dissolution profile of HTZ and VAL products marketed in Brazil and Peru. By multivariate analysis, the dissolution efficiency (ED), mean dissolution time (MDT) and the dissolution percentages from 5 to 60 minutes were used to group the formulations in different groups. Although the dissolution profiles show a similarity between all the evaluated formulations, the reference product stood out for presenting a higher ED compared to the other formulations, due to the higher release in the first 5 minutes of the test. It was concluded that the proposed method, besides guaranteeing the total release of HTZ and VAL from the formulations, has adequate discriminatory capacity


Subject(s)
Peru , In Vitro Techniques/instrumentation , Brazil , Dissolution/analysis , Valsartan/pharmacokinetics , Hydrochlorothiazide/pharmacokinetics , Solubility/drug effects , Computer Simulation/classification
7.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 33(4): 316-319, dic. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899699

ABSTRACT

Las tiazidas son fármacos frecuentemente usados en la terapia de la hipertensión arterial. Las reacciones adversas de riesgo vital como shock y edema pulmonar agudo son raros. Comunicamos el caso de una mujer de 55 años de edad atendida en Hospital de Puerto Montt, quien tras dos horas de ingerir hidroclorotiazida presentó disnea. Los exámenes de laboratorio generales e imágenes muestran cuadro concordante con edema pulmonar agudo no cardiogénico. Además de la suspensión del fármaco, se realizó soporte hemodinámico y ventilatorio no invasivo, evidenciándose resolución del cuadro a las 48 h. La paciente fue dada de alta 3 días después de su ingreso sin sintomatología.


Thiazides are drugs often used in management of high arterial blood pressure. Shock and acute pulmonary edema are rarely described as adverse reactions related to this drug. We report the case of a 55 years-old woman admitted at Hospital de Puerto Montt, Chile. Two hours after having her first dose of hydrochlorothiazide she presented dyspnea. Laboratory tests and images support the diagnosis of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Resolution of her clinical picture was observed 48 hours after hydrochlorothiazide administration was discontinued and hemodynamic and non invasive ventilation support were supplied. The patient was discharged without symptoms, 3 days after entering to hospital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Edema/chemically induced , Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects , Pulmonary Edema/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Thiazides/adverse effects
8.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2016. 140 p. tab, graf, ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-846609

ABSTRACT

Os sistemas multiparticulados são aqueles nos quais a dose do fármaco está dividida em pequenas unidades funcionais, tendo assim, uma série de vantagens sobre os sistemas monolíticos convencionais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver formulações multiparticuladas de uso oral para fármacos anti-hipertensivos que serão utilizados na composição de associações. O material está dividido em seis capítulos, sendo inicialmente apresentada uma revisão da literatura a respeito da caracterização física destas pequenas unidades. Ensaios como análise granulométrica, morfologia, densidade, porosidade, avaliação de resistência mecânica e desintegração são os mais empregados para esta finalidade, possibilitando ao formulador conhecer os fatores de maior impacto relacionados às matérias primas e ao processo de fabricação no comportamento das formulações produzidas. Os demais capítulos seguem com o desenvolvimento dos sistemas multiparticulados, que foram embasados em diferentes delineamentos experimentais, seja pela utilização de planejamento fatorial fracionado ou projeto de mistura. Para o metoprolol, fármaco de alta solubilidade, foram produzidas formulações de liberação controlada, sendo a estratégia dividida em três etapas: (I) Produção de minicomprimidos revestidos, nos quais foram avaliadas diferentes combinações do polímero modulador de liberação; (II) otimização do perfil de liberação do fármaco, com avaliação de misturas das formulações produzidas na primeira etapa; (III) Processo de extrusão a quente, no qual diferentes proporções de fármaco e polímero hidrofóbico foram avaliadas. Para os fármacos hidroclorotiazida e olmesartana medoxomila, ambos de baixa solubilidade, a estratégia adotada foi a incorporação de uma dispersão dos fármacos e agentes solubilizantes em grânulos inertes obtidos por extrusão/revestimento. Adicionalmente, também foram produzidas formulações por extrusão a quente de diferentes proporções destes fármacos em polímero hidrofílico. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi possível obter formulações de minicomprimidos e grânulos com perfil de dissolução satisfatório, semelhantes aos apresentados pelos medicamentos adotados como referência. Em relação à extrusão a quente foi possível avaliar a influência do processo e polímeros empregados no perfil de dissolução dos grânulos produzidos


Multiparticulate systems are dosage forms in which dose is divided into small functional units presenting some advantages over monolithic conventional systems. The objective of this work was developing multiparticulate formulations for oral use containing antihypertensive drugs to be used in association. The thesis is divided into six issues, been first presented a literature review about physical characterization of multiparticulate systems. Granulometric analysis, morphology, density, porosity, mechanical strength and disintegration are the most used physical characterization tests, enabling formulator knowing the major impact factors related to raw materials and manufacturing process in the performance of the produced formulations. The other issues present the development of the multiparticulate systems based on different statistical experimental design, as fractional factorial design or mixture project. For metoprolol, a highly soluble drug, controlled release formulations were obtained, and the strategy was divided into three steps: (I) coated minitablets production, where different combinations of the controlled release polymer were analyzed; (II) drug release profile optimization, evaluating formulations mixtures produced in the first step; (III) hot melt extrusion process, where different drug: hydrophobic polymer ratios were evaluated. For hydrochlorothiazide and olmesartan medoxomil, both low soluble drugs, the strategy was incorporating a dispersion containing the drugs and solubilizing agents in inert granules obtained by extrusion/coating processes. Additionally, formulations containing different ratios of these drugs and hydrophilic polymers were produced by hot melt extrusion. According to the results, it was possible to obtain minitablets and granules with good dissolution profile, similar to the reference products. Regarding to hot melt extrusion, it was possible to evaluate the influence of process and polymers used in the dissolution profile of the produced granules


Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects , Olmesartan Medoxomil/administration & dosage , Hydrochlorothiazide/administration & dosage , Hypertension/complications , Metoprolol/adverse effects
9.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 51(2): 317-322, Apr.-June 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755055

ABSTRACT

Compounding pharmacies have been cited by some athletes as being responsible for compounding capsules contaminated with drugs banned by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Therefore, the present study was carried out to quantify the amount of residue remaining in the equipment and utensils used for compounding capsules after standard cleaning procedures. For this purpose, captopril (CAP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were used since these are hard to clean, in addition to hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) as a banned drug by the IOC. The amounts of residues found in the equipment were: 181.0 ± 91.8, 1208 ± 483.8 and 431.7 ± 71.3 ppm for ASA, CAP and HTZ, respectively. The continuous compounding of these drugs, followed each time by the standard cleaning procedure, showed a linear accumulation of residues for ASA (r2=0.96) and CAP (r2= 0.88). The residues quantified were greater than the FDA limit for impurities for CAP (>0.1%) but not for HTZ. However, the HTZ residue may be detected in the urine of athletes on IOC tests. Therefore, it was concluded that compounding pharmacies should therefore improve their cleaning procedures and test these in order to attain limits below 10 ppm, thereby avoiding the contamination of other products...


As farmácias de manipulação têm sido citadas por alguns atletas como sendo responsáveis pela manipulação de cápsulas contaminadas com fármacos proibidos pelo Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI). Portanto, o presente estudo foi realizado para quantificar o montante de resíduo remanescente nos equipamentos e utensílios usados para manipular cápsulas após o procedimento padrão de limpeza. Para este propósito, o captopril (CAP) e o ácido acetilsalicílico (ASA) foram usados por serem fármacos de difícil remoção e a hidroclorotiazida (HTZ), por ser um fármaco proibido pelo COI. As quantidades de resíduos encontradas nos equipamentos após a limpeza foram 181,0 ± 91,8, 1208 ± 483,8 e 431,7 ± 71,3 ppm para ASA, CAP e HTZ, respectivamente. A manipulação contínua dos fármacos seguida pelo procedimento de limpeza mostrou acúmulo de resíduo linear para ASA (r2=0,96) e CAP (r2=0,88). A quantidade de resíduo de CAP foi maior que o limite de impureza sugerido pelo FDA (>0,1%), mas não para HTZ, mas mesmo assim, o resíduo de HTZ pode ser detectado na urina dos atletas submetidos aos testes do COI. Em conclusão, as farmácias de manipulação deveriam, portanto, melhorar o procedimentos de limpeza e testá-los para que alcancem limites abaixo de 10 ppm para evitar contaminação nos outros produtos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Chemical Phenomena , Pharmacies/supply & distribution , Laboratory Equipment , Aspirin , Captopril , Good Manipulation Practices , Hydrochlorothiazide , Quality Control
10.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 31(2): 105-108, jun. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-757185

ABSTRACT

In Chile, hydrochlorothiazide is frequently prescribed as first line antihypertensive therapy. Among it’s well known adverse reactions are: electrolytic disorders, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, agranulocytosis and azotemia. Acute pulmonary edema is a rare and potentially lethal adverse effect. Only 50 cases have been reported since 1968. In this article, we discuss a case of a 70 year old woman who, one hour after the ingestion of hydrochlorotiazide, presented acute and progressive dyspnea. Her clinical and radiologic findings are compatible with non-cardiogenic acute pulmonary edema.


En Chile, la hidroclorotiazida se utiliza ampliamente como terapia de primera línea en la hipertensión arterial esencial. Entre los efectos adversos más conocidos destacan: trastornos hidroelectrolíticos, hiperuricemia, dislipidemia, azotemia, entre otros. El edema pulmonar agudo es un efecto adverso infrecuente y potencialmente grave. Desde 1968, se han reportado 50 casos clínicos en la literatura. En este artículo presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de 70 años atendida en el Hospital Santiago Oriente quien, una hora posterior a la ingesta de hidroclorotiazida, presenta disnea aguda progresiva. El estudio clínico y radiológico es compatible con edema pulmonar agudo no cardiogénico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Pulmonary Edema/chemically induced , Diuretics/adverse effects , Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects , Pulmonary Edema/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Acute Disease , Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/adverse effects , Intensive Care Units
11.
Rev. mex. cardiol ; 26(2): 87-94, Apr.-Jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-757965

ABSTRACT

Background: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have proved to reduce both blood pressure levels and cardiovascular outcomes, including the development of atherosclerosis. The INSIGHT study showed a less pronounced progression of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients treated with nifedipine (NIF) vs. those treated with diuretics, but because IMT was normal in both groups, it was difficult to assess the anti-atherosclerotic effect of NIF. We compared the effect of NIF or hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on atherosclerosis regression in hypertensive patients with abnormally thick IMT. Patients and methods: 37 hypertensive patients were randomly assigned to be treated with slow release-NIF (30 mg) and 46 to HCTZ (25 mg), all of them with IMT > 0.6 mm. IMT, lipid profile, and serum uric acid, potassium, and glucose were analyzed at baseline and 12 months later. Results: Blood pressure was equally well controlled with both treatments. No biochemical abnormality was observed in neither groups. IMT was reduced 35% in the NIF group in comparison to 9.3% in HCTZ group. Discussion: BBCs restore endothelial function, exert antioxidant activity and limit smooth muscle cells growth and proliferation, thus inhibiting fundamental atherogenic phenomena. Our results show a clear regression of IMT, marker of subclinical atherosclerosis with NIF. Conclusion: Both treatments were equally effective reducing blood pressure. HCTZ did not cause metabolic disarrays, but only NIF induced IMT regression. Basal IMT is a main determinant of regression.


Antecedentes: Los bloqueadores de los canales de calcio (BCC) han demostrado reducir tanto los niveles de presión arterial como los eventos cardiovasculares, incluyendo el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis. El estudio INSIGHT mostró una progresión menos pronunciada del grosor de la capa íntima-media de la carotídea (GIMC) en pacientes tratados con nifedipina (NIF) vs. los tratados con diuréticos, pero debido a que el GIMC fue normal en ambos grupos, resultó difícil evaluar el efecto anti-aterosclerótico de la NIF. El presente estudio comparó el efecto de la NIF o hidroclorotiazida (HCTZ) en la regresión de aterosclerosis en pacientes hipertensos con GIMC anormalmente gruesa. Pacientes y métodos: 37 pacientes hipertensos fueron asignados al azar para ser tratados con NIF de liberación lenta (30 mg) y 46 a HCTZ (25 mg), todos ellos con GIMC > 0.6 mm. GIMC, perfil lipídico, y ácido úrico en suero, potasio y glucosa se analizaron al principio y 12 meses más tarde. Discusión: Los BCC restauran la función endotelial, ejercen actividad antioxidante y limitan el crecimiento y la proliferación de las células del músculo liso, inhibiendo así fenómenos aterogénicos fundamentales. Nuestros resultados muestran una clara regresión del GIMC, marcador de aterosclerosis subclínica, con NIF. Conclusión: Ambos tratamientos fueron igualmente efectivos para reducir la presión arterial. HCTZ no causó desorden metabólico, pero sólo la NIF induce la regresión del GIMC. El GIMC basal es un determinante principal de la regresión.

12.
Rev. bras. hipertens ; 20(2): 55-62, abr.-jun.2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881677

ABSTRACT

Esse artigo faz uma breve revisão sobre as principais classes dos diuréticos e suas indicações. Aborda com detalhes os diuréticos tiazídicos, principal classe utilizada no tratamento da hipertensão arterial, abordando as diferenças entre eles em relação à estrutura, farmacodinâmica e farmacocinética. Posteriormente, avalia criteriosamente os principais trials clínicos, discutindo os efeitos dos tiazídicos na redução da pressão arterial, nos eventos cardiovasculares, incluindo acidente vascular encefálico, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e doença arterial coronariana; além de abordar os efeitos sobre a glicemia. Finalmente, compara os principais diuréticos tiazídicos em relação à potência e efetividade na redução da pressão arterial.


This article is a brief review on the main classes of diuretics and indications. It discusses in detail the thiazide diuretics, the principal class used in the treatment of hypertension, addressing the differences between them in relation to structure, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Afterwards, carefully assesses the key clinical trials, discussing the effects of thiazides in reducing blood pressure, cardiovascular events, including stroke, heart failure and coronary artery disease; in addition to addressing the effects on blood glucose. Finally, it compares the main thiazide diuretics in relation to the potency and effectiveness in lowering blood pressure.


Subject(s)
Chlorthalidone , Diuretics , Hydrochlorothiazide , Hypertension , Meta-Analysis
13.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-672219

ABSTRACT

A hidroclorotiazida (HTZ) é um diurético utilizado no tratamento da hipertensão arterial. A fim de verificar a qualidade físico-química dos comprimidos disponíveis no mercado, os autores propõem o monitoramento de HTZ 25 mg referência (R) e genéricos (G1, G2 e G3) a partir da FB 5ed e, se há influência dos excipientes na qualidade dos comprimidos. As amostras foram identificadas por espectrofotometria-UV e, apresentaram peso adequado, dentro dos limites de variação. Os testes de dureza, friabilidade e desintegração, R (3,5 kgf, 0,29 % e 2?14??); G1 (5,5 kgf, 0,23 % e 7?01??); G2 (2,5 kgf, 0,36 % e 0?28??) e G3 (4,0 kgf, 0,24 % e 5?59??); uniformidade de doses unitárias, R (3,26); G1 (3,52); G2 (2,88) e G3 (2,06); dissolução R (86,89 %); G1 (95,21 %); G2 (92,11 %) e G3 (91,16 %) e, teor de 93,0 % a 107,0 %, R (94,07 %); G1 (95,22 %); G2 (95,37 %) e G3 (94,36 %) indicam que as indústrias cumprem com a qualidade dos seus produtos disponibilizados no mercado, principalmente em relação à proposta dos genéricos. A análise estatística dos resultados indica que não há diferença significativa na qualidade dos medicamentos em relação à influência dos excipientes.


Hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) is a diuretic used in the treatment of hypertension. In order to verify the physical and chemical quality of the pills on the market, the authors proposed to assess one reference (R) and three generic (G1, G2 and G3) 25 mg HTZ tablets sold in Brazil, as stipulated in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia (5th ed.), and to determine if the excipients affect the quality of the tablets. The samples were identified by UV spectrophotometry and found to have acceptable mass, within the limits of variation. The results of tests for hardness, friability, disintegration, R (3.5 kgf, 0.29% and 2?14??), G1 (5.5 kgf, 0.23% and 7?01??), G2 (2.5 kgf, 0.36% and 0?28??) and G3 (4.0 kgf, 0.24% and 5?59??); uniformity of dosage units, R (3.26), G1 (3.52), G2 (2.88) and G3 (2.06); dissolution R (86.89%), G1 (95.21%), G2 (92.11%) and G3 (91.16%) and HTZ content from 93.0% to 107.0%, R (94.07%), G1 (95.22%), G2 (95.37%) and G3 (94.36%), indicate that the manufacturers comply with the quality required of their products on sale in Brazil, especially in relation to the standards for generics. The statistical analysis indicates no significant difference in the quality of medicines regarding the influence of the excipients.


Subject(s)
Drugs, Generic , Hydrochlorothiazide , Pharmaceutic Aids , Reference Drugs
14.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 49(4): 845-851, Oct.-Dec. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-704117

ABSTRACT

A simple, sensitive, rapid and economic chromatographic method has been developed for determination of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma using paracetamol as an internal standard. The analytical technique used for method development was high-performance thin-layer chromatography. HPTLC Camag with precoated silica gel Plate 60F254 (20 cm×10 cm) at 250 µm thicknesses (E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase used consisted of chloroform: methanol: ammonia (9:1:0.5v/v/v). Densitometric analysis was carried out at a wavelength of 239 nm. The rf values for hydrochlorothiazide, paracetamol and metoprolol tartarate were 0.13±0.04, 0.28±0.05, 0.48±0.04, respectively. Plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation with methanol. Concentration ranges of 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 ng/mL and 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000 ng/mL of hydrochlorothiazide and metoprolol tartarate, respectively, were used with plasma for the calibration curves. The percent recovery of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide was found to be 77.30 and 77.02 %, respectively. The stability of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide in plasma were confirmed during three freeze-thaw cycles (-20 ºC) on a bench for 24 hours and post-preparatively for 48 hours. The proposed method was validated statistically and proved suitable for determination of metoprolol tartarate and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma.


Um método simples, sensível, rápido e econômico empregando a cromatografia em camada delgada de alta eficiência (HPTLC) foi desenvolvido para determinação do tartarato de metoprolol e hidroclorotiazida em plasma humano, usando paracetamol como padrão interno. Placas prontas de sílica-gel 60F254 (20 cm×10 cm), 250 µm de espessura, para HPTLC Camag (E. A Merck, Darmstadt, Alemanha) foramutilizadas como fase estacionária. A fase móvel utilizada consistiu de clorofórmio: metanol: amônia (9:1:0,5 v/v/v). A análise densitométrica foi realizada no comprimento de onda 239 nm. Os valores de Rf de hidroclorotiazida, paracetamol e tartarato de metoprolol foram 0.13±0.04, 0.28±0.05, 0.48±0.04 respectivamente. As proteínas do plasma foram extraídas por precipitação com metanol. Para construção das curvas de calibração, empregaram-se intervalos de concentração de 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 ng/mL e 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000 ng/mL de hidroclorotiazida e tartarato de metoprolol, respectivamente. Os percentuais de recuperação do tartarato de metoprolol e de hidroclorotiazida foram de 77,30 e 77,02, respectivamente. A estabilidade do tartarato de metoprolol e de hidroclorotiazida no plasma foi confirmada durante três ciclos de congelamento e descongelamento (-20 ºC), durante 24 horas e póspreparação durante 48 horas. O método proposto foi validado estatisticamente, sendo adequado para determinação do tartarato de metoprolol e hidroclorotiazida em plasma humano.


Subject(s)
Plasma , Validation Study , Hydrochlorothiazide/analysis , Metoprolol/analysis , Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods , Validation Studies as Topic
15.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-667055

ABSTRACT

Um dos problemas mais comuns para a saúde da população é a hipertensão arterial, uma doença cardiovascular, cujas consequências podem ser fatais. Esta patologia requer tratamento posológico rigoroso para manutenção da concentração plasmática do fármaco em níveis terapêuticos desejados e constantes, para o devido controle da pressão arterial. Um dos fármacos mais utilizados para o controle da hipertensão é o diurético hidroclorotiazida. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o processo de partição (divisão em duas partes) em comprimidos de hidroclorotiazida, através de ensaios físico-químicos. Foram avaliadas as apresentações similar (S), genéricos (G) e referência (R) do fármaco estudado. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que essa prática não se mostra segura, em função das grandes variações, na concentração de fármaco, encontrados em cada uma das partes do comprimido.


One of the commonest problems affecting the health of the population is arterial hypertension, a cardiovascular disease, whose consequences can be fatal. This condition requires strictly controlled drug dosage to maintain the plasma concentration of the drug at desirable and constant therapeutic levels, in order to control the blood pressure. One of the drugs most used for arterial hypertension control is the diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide. The aim of this study was to assess, by means of physicochemical tests, the process of splitting hydrochlorothiazide tablets into two parts. Similar (S), generic (G) and reference (R) forms of the drug were tested. The results showed that this practice appears not to be safe, according to the wide variations in the amount of drug found in each part of the tablet.


Subject(s)
Tablets/administration & dosage , Hydrochlorothiazide/pharmacology , Hypertension/drug therapy
16.
Rev. mex. cardiol ; 23(2): 43-51, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-714433

ABSTRACT

La hipertensión es pobremente controlada en la mayoría de los pacientes. La tasa de control definida como una presión arterial sistólica (PAS) < 140 mmHg y presión arterial diastólica (PAD) < 90 mmHg, es menor a 20% en México. Este estudio que involucró 31 centros de investigación, realizado en condiciones reales, fue diseñado para establecer que 6.25 mg de hidroclorotiazida (HCTZ) dados una vez al día en combinación fija con 2.5 o 5 mg de fumarato de bisoprolol pueden contribuir a alcanzar las metas de control en pacientes con hipertensión sistémica grado I, II o III que fracasaron en un régimen antihipertensivo previo, y que estas combinaciones son más seguras que los fármacos por separado. Los resultados mostraron disminuciones significativas de la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica de 33.3 y 18.4 mmHg, respectivamente. La tasa de respuesta fue de 85.7% a las 32 semanas de tratamiento. Se observó disminución de la frecuencia cardiaca promedio de 10.8 latidos/minuto; la frecuencia cardiaca promedio final fue de 67.05 latidos/minuto. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la combinación de bisoprolol en dosis de 2.5 o 5.0 mg con 6.25 mg de hidroclorotiazida al día, tiene efectos aditivos que resultan eficaces en el control de la presión arterial ya sea leve, moderada o severa; y que ayuda a pacientes hipertensos a alcanzar las metas de control en muy alto porcentaje y a corto plazo, sin afectación sobre otros sistemas, por lo que son seguros en pacientes hipertensos diabéticos y dislipidémicos, y que en conjunción con la regulación de la frecuencia cardiaca proveen cardioprotección a pacientes con alto riesgo cardiovascular. Las combinaciones fijas de antihipertensivos simplifican el régimen de dosis, mejoran el apego, el control de la hipertensión, disminuyen los efectos adversos dependientes de la dosis y reducen los costos como primera línea de tratamiento de la hipertensión.


Hypertension is poorly controlled in most patients. The control rate, defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) < 90 mmHg, is less than 20% in Mexico. This study involving 31 research centers, carried out under real conditions was designed to establish that 6.25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) given once daily in fixed combination with 2.5 mg or 5 mg of bisoprolol fumarate can contribute to achieve the control targets in patients with grade I, II or III systemic hypertension who failed to a previous antihypertensive regimen, and that these combinations are safer than the drugs alone. The results showed significant mean decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 33.3 mmHg and 18.4 mmHg respectively. The response rate was 85.7% at 32 weeks of treatment. There was a decrease in mean heart rate of 10.8 beats/min, final average heart rate was 67.05 beats per minute. The results of this study show that the combination of bisoprolol in doses of 2.5 or 5.0 mg to 6.25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide per day, has additive effects that are effective in controlling blood pressure, whether mild, moderate or severe, and that helps hypertensive patients to achieve the control goals at a very high percentage and in the short term, without affecting other systems so they are safe in hypertensive diabetic and dyslipidemic patients, and in conjunction with the heart rate regulation provides cardio-protection to patients at high cardiovascular risk. Fixed combinations of antihypertensive drugs simplify dosing regimen, improve adherence to treatment, hypertension control, decrease dose-dependent adverse effects and decrease costs as a first line treatment for hypertension.

17.
J. bras. nefrol ; 34(1): 78-81, jan.-fev.-mar. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-623359

ABSTRACT

A doença de Dent é uma tubulopatia ligada ao X causada por mutações no gene que codifica o canal de cloro CLCN-5 e é caracterizada por proteinúria de baixo peso molecular, hipercalciúria, nefrocalcinose e insuficiência renal. Vários casos têm sido descritos, nos quais o único sintoma na apresentação foi proteinúria assintomática e glomerulosclerose global ou segmentar. A insuficiência renal nesses pacientes pode ser causada pela hipercalciúria e proteinúria persistente. Portanto, o inibidor da enzima de conversão da angiotensina e os tiazídicos poderiam ser úteis. O objetivo desta pesquisa é relatar os efeitos destas drogas em dois pacientes com doença de Dent tipo 1 com mutações novas. Neste relato não foram observadas correlações significativas entre dose de hidroclorotiazida e calciúria e entre enalapril e proteinúria. Este achado é importante, pois, sendo pacientes poliúricos, o uso destas drogas poderia prejudicar a função renal.


Dent's disease type 1 is an X-linked tubular disease caused by mutations in the renal chloride channel CLCN-5, and it is characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and renal failure. Several cases have been described in which the only presenting symptoms were asymptomatic proteinuria, and focal segmental or global glomerulosclerosis. The renal failure in these patients may be caused by hypercalciuria and persistent proteinuria. Therefore, angiotensin converse enzyme inhibitor and thiazides could be useful. Our aim is to report the effects of these drugs in two novel mutations patients with Dent's disease type 1. In this report, no significant correlations between dosage of hydrochlorothiazide and calciuria and no significant correlations between proteinuria and dosage of enalapril were detected. This is important since these are polyuric patients and these drugs could be dangerous to their renal function.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Enalapril/administration & dosage , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/drug therapy , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics , Hydrochlorothiazide/administration & dosage , Nephrolithiasis/drug therapy , Nephrolithiasis/genetics , Mutation , Time Factors
18.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 31(1): 45-51, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631539

ABSTRACT

La hipertensión arterial afecta aproximadamente 50 millones de individuos en Estados Unidos de América y un mil millones de individuos en el resto del mundo, afectando de un 15 por ciento a 30 por ciento de la población mundial, y es uno de los factores predictivos de enfermedad cardiovascular más importantes, por lo tanto su control es indispensable. Este estudio comparó la acción antihipertensiva de la combinación hidroclorotiazida/bisoprolol con la combinación enalapril/amlodipina en pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial no controlada. Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado en pacientes hipertensos con edades comprendidas entre 30 y 65 años con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial con o sin tratamiento. Fueron distribuidos en dos grupos de 10 pacientes; uno recibió tratamiento con hidroclorotiazida/bisoprolol y el otro con enalapril/amlodipina bajo un protocolo de ajuste de dosis según metas de PA para 4 semanas. Resultados: Ambas combinaciones redujeron significativamente los valores de presión arterial a las 4 semanas (P=< 0,0001). Sin embargo, el efecto antihipertensivo de la combinación hidroclorotiazida/Bisoprolol fue superior para la reducción de la presión diastólica (P= 0,025), y el alcance de la meta de 120/70 mmHg (90 por ciento vs. 50 por ciento). Conclusión: La utilización de la combinación hidroclorotiazida / bisoprolol tiene mayor número de beneficios que los observados con la combinación enalapril / amlodipina en el manejo de la hipertensión arterial no controlada


The High Blood Pressure affects around 50 millions people in the EE.UU of America and a thousand million people all around the world, affecting 15 percent to 30 percent of the world’s population, and is one of the most important predictive factors of cardiovascular disease; therefore its control is essential. This study compared the antihypertensive action of the combination Hydrochlorothiazide/Bisoprolol with the combination Enalapril/Amlodipine in patients with uncontrolled High Blood Pressure diagnosis. Methods: We performed a randomized, controlled, clinical essay, in patients with High Blood Pressure between 30 and 65 years old, with High Blood Pressure previous diagnosis under treatment or not. They were distributed into two groups of 10 patients each one; one group received Hydrochlorothiazide/Bisoprolol, and the other one, received Enalapril/Amlodipine under a standardized regimen of titration according to BP goals during 4 weeks. Results: Both combinations reduced significantly BP values at 4 weeks of treatment (P= <0.0001). However, the antihypertensive effect of the combination Hydrochlorothiazide/Bisoprolol was superior in the reduction of diastolic values of BP (P= 0,025), and the reach of the 120/70 mmHg goal (90 percent vs. 50 percent). Conclusions: the use of the combination Hydrochlorothiazide/Bisoprolol is related to a higher number of benefits than the use of the combination Enalapril/Amlodipine in the management of patients with uncontrolled High Blood Pressure diagnosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Bisoprolol/therapeutic use , Enalapril/therapeutic use , Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/therapy , Blood Pressure
19.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 43(3): 435-446, jul.-set. 2007. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-468150

ABSTRACT

O processo de granulação úmida ainda encontra larga aplicabilidade junto à moderna indústria farmacêutica para a produção de comprimidos, pois elimina alguns dos principais problemas atribuídos à compressão direta: a tendência de segregação e as baixas propriedades de fluxo dos pós durante o processo. O presente trabalho avalia e compara através de estudos micromeríticos e análise estatística as características de fluxo de granulados destinados ao desenvolvimento de comprimidos de hidroclorotiazida 50 mg. Foram testados três aglutinantes (pasta de amido e as dispersões aquosas, preparadas a frio, de amido pré-gelatinizado e povidone). Avaliou-se ainda a compatibilidade entre o fármaco e os excipientes empregados, através de estudos termoanalíticos (DSC), e a influência da adição extragranular do superdesintegrante crospovidone nos valores de eficiência de dissolução ( por centoED) dos comprimidos obtidos. Os granulados obtidos apresentaram propriedades de fluxo e compressibilidade boas a excelentes, caracterizadas por: valores de índice de compressibilidade situados entre 5 e 15; proporções de Hausner inferiores a 1,25 e ângulos de repouso entre 30 e 35º. A adição de crospovidone não incrementou os valores de por centoED das formulações desenvolvidas, nas condições experimentais empregadas, ainda que tenha reduzido, de forma pouco significativa, os tempos de desintegração das formulações.


The wet granulation process still finds large applicability close to the modern pharmaceutical industry for the production of tablets, because it eliminates some of the main attributed problems of the direct compression: the segregation tendency and the low flow properties of the powders during the process. The present work evaluates and it compares through micromeritical studies and statistical analysis the flow characteristics of granulates destined to the development of tablets of hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg. Three binders were tested (paste of starch and the aqueous dispersions, prepared to cold, of pregelatinized starch and povidone). It was still evaluated the compatibility between the drug and the employed excipients, through termoanalytical studies (DSC), and the influence of the extra granular addition of the "superdisintegrant" crospovidone in the values of dissolution efficiency ( percentDE) of the obtained tablets. The obtained granulates presented good flow and compressibility properties, characterized by: values of compressibility index between 5 and 15; Hausner ratio less than 1,25 and angle of repose between 30 and 35º. The crospovidone addition did not increase the values of percentED of the developed formulations, in the experimental conditions employed, although it has reduced, in way a low significance, the disintegration times of the formulations.


Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents , Hydrochlorothiazide , Biopharmaceutics , Pharmaceutic Aids , Tablets
20.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 64(6): 571-575, Jun. 1995.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-319353

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE--To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of captopril 50 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily in mild to moderate primary hypertension. METHODS--Out-patients (n = 471) with mild to moderate hypertension, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 95-115 mmHg, with 15 days of washout, were included to the treatment initially with half tablet of the association of captopril 50 mg + hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg once daily, for 30 days. After this period, patients with DBP > 90 mmHg had the dosage duplicated, while the others had the same dosage for 60 days more. Evaluation was performed 15 days before and then every month during active drug. RESULTS--Twenty six patients were withdrawn, 13 (2.7) by adverse effects and 13 by protocol violation. At the end of the wash-out period, the blood pressure (BP), 162 +/- 16/103 +/- 6 mmHg decreased significantly at the 30th day to 146 +/- 14/92 +/- 8 mmHg (p < 0.001 vs 0th day); 139 +/- 12/86 +/- 7 mmHg at the 60th day, (p < 0.001 vs 30th day), and further to 136 +/- 11/84 +/- 5 mmHg, (p < 0.001 vs day 0) till the end of the 90th day. Antihypertensive efficacy (DBP < or = 90 mmHg and decreased of the DBP > or = 10 mmHg) was obtained in 82 of the patients. There was no difference in BP control considering race, hypertension level, previous antihypertensive treatment and obesity. Cough (4) was the main adverse event. CONCLUSION--Captopril + hydrochlorothiazide was effective and safe in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. The favorable response was observed in 82 of the patients independently of race, hypertensive level, previous antihypertensive treatment and obesity. Low incidence of side effects was reported, with no difference from others reported in the literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Captopril , Hydrochlorothiazide , Antihypertensive Agents , Hypertension/drug therapy , Aged, 80 and over , Captopril , Drug Therapy, Combination , Hydrochlorothiazide , Antihypertensive Agents , Heart Rate/drug effects , Severity of Illness Index , Arterial Pressure/drug effects
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL